From - Sat Nov 9 15:58:07 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id gA8JGq9D027345; Fri, 8 Nov 2002 20:16:52 +0100 (MET) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id gA8JGo206290; Fri, 8 Nov 2002 20:16:50 +0100 (MET) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAA46aism; Fri, 8 Nov 02 20:16:49 +0100 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id gA8IpIXY027019 for ; Fri, 8 Nov 2002 10:51:18 -0800 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id gA8IpIoQ027017 for semantics-list; Fri, 8 Nov 2002 10:51:18 -0800 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from apollo.le.ac.uk (apollo.le.ac.uk [143.210.16.125]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id gA8IpHXY027014 for ; Fri, 8 Nov 2002 10:51:18 -0800 Received: from mail.star.le.ac.uk ([143.210.36.58]) by apollo.le.ac.uk with smtp (Exim 3.16 #1) id 18AEbl-0002Ct-00 for semantics@us-vo.org; Fri, 08 Nov 2002 19:15:57 +0000 Received: (qmail 6983 invoked from network); 8 Nov 2002 19:16:21 -0000 Received: from bunyip.star.le.ac.uk (HELO bunyip) (143.210.36.181) by mail.star.le.ac.uk with SMTP; 8 Nov 2002 19:16:21 -0000 Reply-To: From: "Tony Linde" To: Subject: Confused Date: Fri, 8 Nov 2002 19:15:54 -0000 Organization: University of Leicester Message-ID: <001701c2875b$4245ce80$b524d28f@bunyip> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.3416 Importance: Normal X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 63f1a842f5982b83208151aaa4d0fd96 I've seen comments saying that we should use metadata instead of ontologies, data models instead of ontologies, data models instead of metadata etc. So what is the difference? And what do people mean by these terms? For myself: Data is information stored electronically. Metadata is data which describes some other data. Dataset is a collection of data organised by some principle. Data model is an ERM of a dataset which describes its underlying construction. Ontology is all of the terms and semantic relationships used in some domain discourse (which may be discovered and stored digitally but not necessarily). How about you? Cheers, Tony. __ Tony Linde Phone: +44 (0)116 223 1292 AstroGrid Project Manager Fax: +44 (0)116 252 3311 Dept of Physics & Astronomy Mobile: +44 (0)7753 603356 University of Leicester Email: ael@star.le.ac.uk Leicester, UK LE1 7RH Web: http://www.astrogrid.org From - Wed Nov 20 10:35:02 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id gAK9RGxB022338; Wed, 20 Nov 2002 10:27:21 +0100 (MET) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id gAK9REt21318; Wed, 20 Nov 2002 10:27:14 +0100 (MET) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAANuaOOP; Wed, 20 Nov 02 10:27:13 +0100 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id gAK8xQXY016026 for ; Wed, 20 Nov 2002 00:59:26 -0800 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id gAK8xQZ8016024 for semantics-list; Wed, 20 Nov 2002 00:59:26 -0800 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from artemis.le.ac.uk (artemis.le.ac.uk [143.210.16.126]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id gAK8xOXY016021 for ; Wed, 20 Nov 2002 00:59:25 -0800 Received: from mail.star.le.ac.uk ([143.210.36.58]) by artemis.le.ac.uk with smtp (Exim 3.16 #1) id 18ER7K-0004H5-00 for semantics@us-vo.org; Wed, 20 Nov 2002 09:25:54 +0000 Received: (qmail 14857 invoked from network); 20 Nov 2002 09:26:10 -0000 Received: from bunyip.star.le.ac.uk (HELO bunyip) (143.210.36.181) by mail.star.le.ac.uk with SMTP; 20 Nov 2002 09:26:10 -0000 Reply-To: From: "Tony Linde" To: Subject: Topic Maps: Draft Reference Model Date: Wed, 20 Nov 2002 09:25:48 -0000 Organization: University of Leicester Message-ID: <00bc01c29076$cfcb40e0$0a01a8c0@bunyip> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.3416 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Importance: Normal Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: f25c035860136ba72b81437f09acc0bc >From the Cover Pages: ISO SC34 Publishes Draft Reference Model for Topic Maps (RM4TM). A draft of "The Reference Model for Topic Maps (RM4TM)" has been published by members of the ISO Topic Map Models Project. The Reference Model defines an abstract graph structure for the representation of relationships between subjects, rules for defining Applications of the Topic Maps paradigm, and rules for processing the information contained in topic maps. Topic Maps help make "subject" information accessible from a single location. http://xml.coverpages.org/ni2002-11-16-a.html Cheers, Tony. __ Tony Linde Phone: +44 (0)116 223 1292 AstroGrid Project Manager Fax: +44 (0)116 252 3311 Dept of Physics & Astronomy Mobile: +44 (0)7753 603356 University of Leicester Email: ael@star.le.ac.uk Leicester, UK LE1 7RH Web: http://www.astrogrid.org From - Tue Nov 12 18:20:38 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id gACGBAHH018464; Tue, 12 Nov 2002 17:11:10 +0100 (MET) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id gACGB8V14772; Tue, 12 Nov 2002 17:11:08 +0100 (MET) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAR0ay2C; Tue, 12 Nov 02 17:11:07 +0100 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id gACFjEXY012970 for ; Tue, 12 Nov 2002 07:45:14 -0800 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id gACFjE30012968 for semantics-list; Tue, 12 Nov 2002 07:45:14 -0800 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from mail630.gsfc.nasa.gov (mail630.gsfc.nasa.gov [128.183.190.39]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id gACFjDXY012965 for ; Tue, 12 Nov 2002 07:45:14 -0800 Received: from gsfc.nasa.gov (ram.gsfc.nasa.gov [128.183.114.136]) by mail630.gsfc.nasa.gov (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id gACGA1F6004516 for ; Tue, 12 Nov 2002 11:10:27 -0500 Message-ID: <3DD127BE.6020608@gsfc.nasa.gov> Date: Tue, 12 Nov 2002 11:09:34 -0500 From: Ed Shaya Reply-To: edward.j.shaya.1@gsfc.nasa.gov User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.0.1) Gecko/20020826 X-Accept-Language: en-us, en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: semantics@us-vo.org Subject: [Fwd: Special Offer for Newsletter subscribers: OntoEdit Inference Edition + plug-ins for US-$ 890] Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="------------050207060708060004070909" Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: ef4c4a9ff733f2306e9bb6dd6cafb555 --------------050207060708060004070909 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu id gACFjEXY012970 Has anyone tried out this software? There is a free version available=20 as well. Ed -------- Original Message -------- Subject: Special Offer for Newsletter subscribers: OntoEdit Inference=20 Edition + plug-ins for US-$ 890 Date: Tue, 12 Nov 2002 14:49:28 +0100 (CET) From: Newsletter@ontoprise.de Reply-To: news_ontoprise@mail.inxnet.de To: "ed.shaya@gsfc.nasa.gov" * Special Offer for Newsletter subscribers: OntoEdit Inference Edition +=20 plug-ins for US-$ 890. * Get more information here . =20 Ontoprise is proud to announce a special offer for the OntoEdit=20 Inference Edition and additional plug-ins to all newsletter subscribers.=20 For US-$ 890 only you will get the leading ontology engineering=20 environment offering =A7 integrated inferencing capabilities =A7 an open plug-in architecture and =A7 a lot of additional plug-ins including ontology mapping,=20 database import and visualizer.=20 =20 The first five orders will additionally receive a copy of the book " Towards The Semantic Web - Ontology-Driven Knowledge Management=20 ". =20 Get more information here . =20 Kind regards, Your ontoprise team. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Contact* ontoprise GmbH Newslettermarketing=20 Haid-und-Neu-Str. 7 76131 Karlsruhe GERMANY Tel. +49 721 6657914 Fax. +49 721 6657911 =20 =20 --------------050207060708060004070909-- From - Tue Nov 12 10:26:05 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id gABJYXIJ008620; Mon, 11 Nov 2002 20:34:34 +0100 (MET) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id gABJYX103951; Mon, 11 Nov 2002 20:34:33 +0100 (MET) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAIPaWTh; Mon, 11 Nov 02 20:34:32 +0100 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id gABJ8pXY008976 for ; Mon, 11 Nov 2002 11:08:51 -0800 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id gABJ8pDr008974 for semantics-list; Mon, 11 Nov 2002 11:08:51 -0800 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from rose.csi.cam.ac.uk (rose.csi.cam.ac.uk [131.111.8.13]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id gABJ8oXY008971 for ; Mon, 11 Nov 2002 11:08:51 -0800 Received: from cass41.ast.cam.ac.uk ([131.111.69.186]) by rose.csi.cam.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 4.10) id 18BKJs-0001Tn-00; Mon, 11 Nov 2002 19:34:00 +0000 Received: from cass123.ast.cam.ac.uk (cass123 [131.111.69.244]) by cass41.ast.cam.ac.uk (8.12.2+Sun/8.12.2) with ESMTP id gABJY0uo001844; Mon, 11 Nov 2002 19:34:00 GMT Received: from cass123.ast.cam.ac.uk (localhost [IPv6:::1]) by cass123.ast.cam.ac.uk (8.12.2+Sun/8.12.2) with ESMTP id gABJY0U5006449; Mon, 11 Nov 2002 19:34:00 GMT Received: from localhost (gtr@localhost) by cass123.ast.cam.ac.uk (8.12.2+Sun/8.12.2/Submit) with ESMTP id gABJXs6u006446; Mon, 11 Nov 2002 19:33:54 GMT X-Authentication-Warning: cass123.ast.cam.ac.uk: gtr owned process doing -bs Date: Mon, 11 Nov 2002 19:33:54 +0000 (GMT) From: Guy Rixon To: Tony Linde cc: semantics@us-vo.org Subject: RE: Confused In-Reply-To: <006001c2899a$95914650$b524d28f@bunyip> Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 536f15157f0fe320d89d81130ea4e1bc IIRC, the IVOA process for defining bits of data model (and the process is semi-formaly defined, but I don't have the URL to hand) goes like: 1. Define the new data-model fragement in UML. Churn, iterate until happy. 2. Represent the model as XMI. 3. Send the XMI to some mailing list at iova.net. 4. Discuss, churn, iterate until consensus or until everybody gives up. 5. Assuming consensus on the object model, produce an XML schema to govern applications of it. So, yes, it's a very, very structural thing. In fact, the output is 100% structural and semantic stuff can only be included as comments. As you note, you can't interrogate this kind of model to learn its semantics. Thing is, we can do this _now_, whereas the higher-level semantic stuff seems to depends on tools and techniques that we, the service implementors don't know (saving the presence of the people on this list who _do_ know this stuff coz they invented it) and which seem a bit vaporous anyway. (OK, 100% and condensing, but still not quite there yet.) On Mon, 11 Nov 2002, Tony Linde wrote: > I think you're right about it being an implementation issue, Guy. I > think the confusion arises because, having spent twenty years or more > with 'data model' being an ERM (or similar) diagram produced before > implementing a database design, I don't see how it can be used as > 'metadata' or an 'ontology'. > > However, I guess if the model is produced using UML and stored as XMI > then it could be interrogated. > > Is this what the 'data model' people are doing? Specifying a data model > for VOs that can also be interrogated as metadata? In which case what > standards are being used for the data model format? > > I guess this is a useful way of storing structural metadata with some > relationship information in the links between 'tables' but I wonder how > much and what type of information cannot be stored in this way. And is > it important to what we want to do? > > I think the biggest potential problem is that it IS structural. An > ontology or loosely stored metadata does not mandate how the data itself > is stored. An important point when many projects are working towards an > interoperable VO but not using or even based on the same implementation. > A data model may enforce structures that some people do not want to use. > > Hmm, what do others think? > > Cheers, > Tony. > > > -----Original Message----- > > From: Guy Rixon [mailto:gtr@ast.cam.ac.uk] > > Sent: 10 November 2002 16:28 > > To: Tony Linde > > Cc: semantics@us-vo.org > > Subject: Re: Confused > > > > > > Tony, > > > > perhaps it's an implementation dispute rather than a definition thing? > > > > The IVOA data models are now specified to be expressible > > using UML. That is, they only contain relationships "is a" > > and "has a" (and perhaps "owns" if we distinguish composition > > from aggregation). The ontological content is restricted, so > > much of this modelling can be done with existing tools that > > support OOA. > > > > Conversely, if we use lots of relationships, then we have to > > use specialised tools from recent ontology research; tools > > that look vaporous right now. > > > > I think your definitions are right. I also think that many > > VO folk ignore the ontological theory behind their current > > modelling because it's not necesary to know the thory to use > > the technique. > > > > On Fri, 8 Nov 2002, Tony Linde wrote: > > > > > I've seen comments saying that we should use metadata instead of > > > ontologies, data models instead of ontologies, data models > > instead of > > > metadata etc. > > > > > > So what is the difference? And what do people mean by these terms? > > > > > > For myself: > > > > > > Data is information stored electronically. > > > Metadata is data which describes some other data. > > > Dataset is a collection of data organised by some principle. Data > > > model is an ERM of a dataset which describes its underlying > > > construction. > > > > > > Ontology is all of the terms and semantic relationships > > used in some > > > domain discourse (which may be discovered and stored > > digitally but not > > > necessarily). > > > > > > How about you? > > > > > > Cheers, > > > Tony. > > > > > > __ > > > Tony Linde Phone: +44 (0)116 223 1292 > > > AstroGrid Project Manager Fax: +44 (0)116 252 3311 > > > Dept of Physics & Astronomy Mobile: +44 (0)7753 603356 > > > University of Leicester Email: ael@star.le.ac.uk > > > Leicester, UK LE1 7RH Web: http://www.astrogrid.org > > > > > > > > > > > > > Guy Rixon gtr@ast.cam.ac.uk > > Institute of Astronomy Tel: +44-1223-337542 > > Madingley Road, Cambridge, UK, CB3 0HA Fax: > > +44-1223-337523 > > > > Guy Rixon gtr@ast.cam.ac.uk Institute of Astronomy Tel: +44-1223-337542 Madingley Road, Cambridge, UK, CB3 0HA Fax: +44-1223-337523 From - Tue Nov 12 10:26:05 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id gABHMvIJ016865; Mon, 11 Nov 2002 18:22:57 +0100 (MET) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id gABHMtZ28785; Mon, 11 Nov 2002 18:22:55 +0100 (MET) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAJIaao4; Mon, 11 Nov 02 18:22:54 +0100 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id gABGutXY008550 for ; Mon, 11 Nov 2002 08:56:55 -0800 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id gABGutaN008548 for semantics-list; Mon, 11 Nov 2002 08:56:55 -0800 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from apollo.le.ac.uk (apollo.le.ac.uk [143.210.16.125]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id gABGurXY008545 for ; Mon, 11 Nov 2002 08:56:55 -0800 Received: from mail.star.le.ac.uk ([143.210.36.58]) by apollo.le.ac.uk with smtp (Exim 3.16 #1) id 18BIG6-0007Ir-00 for semantics@us-vo.org; Mon, 11 Nov 2002 17:21:58 +0000 Received: (qmail 24829 invoked from network); 11 Nov 2002 15:54:43 -0000 Received: from bunyip.star.le.ac.uk (HELO bunyip) (143.210.36.181) by mail.star.le.ac.uk with SMTP; 11 Nov 2002 15:54:43 -0000 Reply-To: From: "Tony Linde" To: Subject: RE: Confused Date: Mon, 11 Nov 2002 15:54:14 -0000 Organization: University of Leicester Message-ID: <006001c2899a$95914650$b524d28f@bunyip> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.3416 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 In-Reply-To: Importance: Normal Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 5bd9a0cc06adc3c88b685be1e8aaa4a1 I think you're right about it being an implementation issue, Guy. I think the confusion arises because, having spent twenty years or more with 'data model' being an ERM (or similar) diagram produced before implementing a database design, I don't see how it can be used as 'metadata' or an 'ontology'. However, I guess if the model is produced using UML and stored as XMI then it could be interrogated. Is this what the 'data model' people are doing? Specifying a data model for VOs that can also be interrogated as metadata? In which case what standards are being used for the data model format? I guess this is a useful way of storing structural metadata with some relationship information in the links between 'tables' but I wonder how much and what type of information cannot be stored in this way. And is it important to what we want to do? I think the biggest potential problem is that it IS structural. An ontology or loosely stored metadata does not mandate how the data itself is stored. An important point when many projects are working towards an interoperable VO but not using or even based on the same implementation. A data model may enforce structures that some people do not want to use. Hmm, what do others think? Cheers, Tony. > -----Original Message----- > From: Guy Rixon [mailto:gtr@ast.cam.ac.uk] > Sent: 10 November 2002 16:28 > To: Tony Linde > Cc: semantics@us-vo.org > Subject: Re: Confused > > > Tony, > > perhaps it's an implementation dispute rather than a definition thing? > > The IVOA data models are now specified to be expressible > using UML. That is, they only contain relationships "is a" > and "has a" (and perhaps "owns" if we distinguish composition > from aggregation). The ontological content is restricted, so > much of this modelling can be done with existing tools that > support OOA. > > Conversely, if we use lots of relationships, then we have to > use specialised tools from recent ontology research; tools > that look vaporous right now. > > I think your definitions are right. I also think that many > VO folk ignore the ontological theory behind their current > modelling because it's not necesary to know the thory to use > the technique. > > On Fri, 8 Nov 2002, Tony Linde wrote: > > > I've seen comments saying that we should use metadata instead of > > ontologies, data models instead of ontologies, data models > instead of > > metadata etc. > > > > So what is the difference? And what do people mean by these terms? > > > > For myself: > > > > Data is information stored electronically. > > Metadata is data which describes some other data. > > Dataset is a collection of data organised by some principle. Data > > model is an ERM of a dataset which describes its underlying > > construction. > > > > Ontology is all of the terms and semantic relationships > used in some > > domain discourse (which may be discovered and stored > digitally but not > > necessarily). > > > > How about you? > > > > Cheers, > > Tony. > > > > __ > > Tony Linde Phone: +44 (0)116 223 1292 > > AstroGrid Project Manager Fax: +44 (0)116 252 3311 > > Dept of Physics & Astronomy Mobile: +44 (0)7753 603356 > > University of Leicester Email: ael@star.le.ac.uk > > Leicester, UK LE1 7RH Web: http://www.astrogrid.org > > > > > > > > Guy Rixon gtr@ast.cam.ac.uk > Institute of Astronomy Tel: +44-1223-337542 > Madingley Road, Cambridge, UK, CB3 0HA Fax: > +44-1223-337523 > From - Mon Nov 11 10:16:56 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id gAAGTPAj005288; Sun, 10 Nov 2002 17:29:25 +0100 (MET) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id gAAGTNl17511; Sun, 10 Nov 2002 17:29:23 +0100 (MET) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAYTaWmI; Sun, 10 Nov 02 17:29:23 +0100 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id gAAG3aXY003707 for ; Sun, 10 Nov 2002 08:03:36 -0800 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id gAAG3aVY003705 for semantics-list; Sun, 10 Nov 2002 08:03:36 -0800 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from gold.csi.cam.ac.uk (gold.csi.cam.ac.uk [131.111.8.12]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id gAAG3YXY003702 for ; Sun, 10 Nov 2002 08:03:35 -0800 Received: from cass41.ast.cam.ac.uk ([131.111.69.186]) by gold.csi.cam.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 4.10) id 18Auwr-0003kl-00; Sun, 10 Nov 2002 16:28:33 +0000 Received: from cass123.ast.cam.ac.uk (cass123 [131.111.69.244]) by cass41.ast.cam.ac.uk (8.12.2+Sun/8.12.2) with ESMTP id gAAGSXuo017724; Sun, 10 Nov 2002 16:28:33 GMT Received: from cass123.ast.cam.ac.uk (localhost [IPv6:::1]) by cass123.ast.cam.ac.uk (8.12.2+Sun/8.12.2) with ESMTP id gAAGSWU5003882; Sun, 10 Nov 2002 16:28:33 GMT Received: from localhost (gtr@localhost) by cass123.ast.cam.ac.uk (8.12.2+Sun/8.12.2/Submit) with ESMTP id gAAGSRE1003879; Sun, 10 Nov 2002 16:28:27 GMT X-Authentication-Warning: cass123.ast.cam.ac.uk: gtr owned process doing -bs Date: Sun, 10 Nov 2002 16:28:27 +0000 (GMT) From: Guy Rixon To: Tony Linde cc: semantics@us-vo.org Subject: Re: Confused In-Reply-To: <001701c2875b$4245ce80$b524d28f@bunyip> Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 904cadbc5da4b8c1193500ea86bea235 Tony, perhaps it's an implementation dispute rather than a definition thing? The IVOA data models are now specified to be expressible using UML. That is, they only contain relationships "is a" and "has a" (and perhaps "owns" if we distinguish composition from aggregation). The ontological content is restricted, so much of this modelling can be done with existing tools that support OOA. Conversely, if we use lots of relationships, then we have to use specialised tools from recent ontology research; tools that look vaporous right now. I think your definitions are right. I also think that many VO folk ignore the ontological theory behind their current modelling because it's not necesary to know the thory to use the technique. On Fri, 8 Nov 2002, Tony Linde wrote: > I've seen comments saying that we should use metadata instead of > ontologies, data models instead of ontologies, data models instead of > metadata etc. > > So what is the difference? And what do people mean by these terms? > > For myself: > > Data is information stored electronically. > Metadata is data which describes some other data. > Dataset is a collection of data organised by some principle. > Data model is an ERM of a dataset which describes its underlying > construction. > > Ontology is all of the terms and semantic relationships used in some > domain discourse (which may be discovered and stored digitally but not > necessarily). > > How about you? > > Cheers, > Tony. > > __ > Tony Linde Phone: +44 (0)116 223 1292 > AstroGrid Project Manager Fax: +44 (0)116 252 3311 > Dept of Physics & Astronomy Mobile: +44 (0)7753 603356 > University of Leicester Email: ael@star.le.ac.uk > Leicester, UK LE1 7RH Web: http://www.astrogrid.org > > > Guy Rixon gtr@ast.cam.ac.uk Institute of Astronomy Tel: +44-1223-337542 Madingley Road, Cambridge, UK, CB3 0HA Fax: +44-1223-337523 From - Mon Nov 11 14:09:25 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id gABD32IJ024779; Mon, 11 Nov 2002 14:03:02 +0100 (MET) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id gABD31814896; Mon, 11 Nov 2002 14:03:01 +0100 (MET) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAvFayfD; Mon, 11 Nov 02 14:03:01 +0100 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id gABCanXY007516 for ; Mon, 11 Nov 2002 04:36:49 -0800 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id gABCanbe007514 for semantics-list; Mon, 11 Nov 2002 04:36:49 -0800 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from postal.sdsc.edu (IDENT:XZRH4F7rOCJZCJtRsXGx26wxN/ClupCs@postal.sdsc.edu [132.249.20.114]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id gABCanXY007511 for ; Mon, 11 Nov 2002 04:36:49 -0800 Received: (from moore@localhost) by postal.sdsc.edu (8.11.6/8.11.6/server/49) id gABD1vW09733; Mon, 11 Nov 2002 05:01:57 -0800 (PST) Mime-Version: 1.0 X-Sender: moore@pop.sdsc.edu Message-Id: In-Reply-To: <001701c2875b$4245ce80$b524d28f@bunyip> References: <001701c2875b$4245ce80$b524d28f@bunyip> Date: Sun, 10 Nov 2002 09:11:14 -0800 To: From: Reagan Moore Subject: Re: Confused Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" ; format="flowed" Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 9315d1242a884a39e58839a1d1c3012f I would like to add the definitions we are using for these terms in the development of knowledge management systems at SDSC: - data consists of bits (zeros and ones) - information is a semantic tag that is applied to data (typically a name that we assign to selected bits). We use XML syntax to annotate data. - metadata is the combination of the semantic tag and the associated bits (we typically store metadata in a database) - knowledge is a relationship that is defined on the semantic tags. Examples are semantic/logical relationships ("isa" and "hasa"), structural/spatial relationships, procedural/temporal relationships. - a data model is a structural relationship that is applied to data. Note that the structural relationships can be manipulated by methods. Methods in turn are procedural relationships that can be applied to the named structural components of the data model. - ontologies are structural relationships imposed on semantic labels. Usually, the choice of semantic terms, and the choice of relationships between the terms are combined in the ontology. Most ontologies focus on semantic/logical relationships. The result is a concept space or a domain map. When we organize semantic terms using procedural relationships, we create a process map that can be used to describe workflow systems. When we organize semantic terms using spatial relationships, we create an atlas that can be manipulated by a GIS system. Reagan Moore >I've seen comments saying that we should use metadata instead of >ontologies, data models instead of ontologies, data models instead of >metadata etc. > >So what is the difference? And what do people mean by these terms? > >For myself: > >Data is information stored electronically. >Metadata is data which describes some other data. >Dataset is a collection of data organised by some principle. >Data model is an ERM of a dataset which describes its underlying >construction. > >Ontology is all of the terms and semantic relationships used in some >domain discourse (which may be discovered and stored digitally but not >necessarily). > >How about you? > >Cheers, >Tony. > >__ >Tony Linde Phone: +44 (0)116 223 1292 >AstroGrid Project Manager Fax: +44 (0)116 252 3311 >Dept of Physics & Astronomy Mobile: +44 (0)7753 603356 >University of Leicester Email: ael@star.le.ac.uk >Leicester, UK LE1 7RH Web: http://www.astrogrid.org > From - Mon Oct 21 10:06:45 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g9L84pje016969; Mon, 21 Oct 2002 10:04:56 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g9L84nd12567; Mon, 21 Oct 2002 10:04:49 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAWJaWIy; Mon, 21 Oct 02 10:04:49 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g9L7gUXY032202 for ; Mon, 21 Oct 2002 00:42:30 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g9L7gUmY032200 for semantics-list; Mon, 21 Oct 2002 00:42:30 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from m1.cs.man.ac.uk (m1.cs.man.ac.uk [130.88.192.2]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g9L7gIXY032197 for ; Mon, 21 Oct 2002 00:42:29 -0700 Received: from mailhost by m1.cs.man.ac.uk (8.8.8/AL/MJK-2.0) id RAA26771; Fri, 18 Oct 2002 17:22:12 +0100 (BST) Received: from potato ([130.88.196.149]) by mailhost with esmtp (Exim 3.36 #1) id 182Zt3-0003Gh-00 for semantics@us-vo.org; Fri, 18 Oct 2002 17:22:09 +0100 Date: Fri, 18 Oct 2002 17:24:13 +0100 (GMT Daylight Time) From: Sean Bechhofer To: semantics@us-vo.org Subject: Re: Use of DAML+OIL/SkiCal and iCalendar in DAML+OIL In-Reply-To: <3DA00E1E.5D0F85B7@cs.man.ac.uk> Message-ID: X-X-Sender: seanb@mailhost.cs.man.ac.uk MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 82f929f6d9fbf562abc34ab1a8724f33 I think I tried to post this a while back, but it didn't seem to come through.... On Sun, 6 Oct 2002, Alan Rector wrote: > Tony - Dan, Libby and Greg > > Thanks to Tony for bringing the paper to our attention. > > A question for the authors... > > Most of the issues concern namespaces and equivalence which I > shall leave to Sean. > Towards the end of the paper you have an almost throw away comment > that > > "Another significant problem was the awkward syntax and limited > expressivity..." > > Leaving aside the awkward syntax, I would be curious to know specific > examples of the problems with expressivity in your concrete > task. The reference to Pat Hayes isn't helpful because I know > his theoretical position. The question is, "What happens in practice?" I too (as an implementor) have struggled with the issue of awkward syntax. Collaping the richer models down into the RDF triple model makes things hard (from an implementation point of view) and produces effectively unreadable syntax (from a user point of view). However, that shouldn't necessarily be a problem -- rather it's a requirement for good end-user tools. RDF shouldn't be seen as a human readable syntax, but as a mechanism for exchange between machines. As with Alan, I'd be interested in knowing where the expressivity is insufficient. In the concluding section, there's a comment: "Where DAML+oil is used to describe relations between objects in ontologies written by different authors, connecting the ontologies involves hypothesising what the author meant by the ontology. A machine readable DAML+oil ontology does not capture all the aspects of the world in the area which it claims to represent, and so there is immense potential for error, still more so when the ontologies are defined in RDF Schema or Mime directories or other means less precise than DAML+oil." This is a good point, and one that's present regardless of the representation used. One of our hypotheses is that the explicit modelling capabilities of richer languages will help to alleviate the problems of interpreting the author's original intent. "Even within a single ontology, the degree of precision that DAML+oil enables you to describe between objects is in many cases greater than the degree of precision that you know pertains in those particular circumstances. This means that arbitrary decisions are made for those descriptions, leading to errors of interpretation, and, paradoxically, a reduction in precision, because of the introduction of this random noise." Again, are there examples of this? The use of a rich language does not mandate that one has to use all the functionality. We could quite easily define simple taxonomies (or even a completely flat vocabulary) using D+O. Indeed, one of our approaches to building models is to do precisely this -- start out with a simple taxonomic structure and then incrementally refine this through definition. Greg later wrote: >I am sure all these problems are old hat for others and I am surely the >least qualified to criticize DAML+OIL. After the fact I would say that >SkiCal just wasn't "hierarchal" enough to make sense in DAML+OIL and I am >not quite sure what would be, but Alan has asked for a response, maybe we >can talk a bit about this on Wednesday and I can brush up on the work and >be more concrete, otherwise I realize that this too is an "argument with >out evidence". Looking briefly at the iCal format, it does look to be lacking many intensionally defined classes, which is the sort of area that D+O is good at tackling. iCal seems rather to give a kind of top level schema for the sort of information that you might want to store about events. I think that where this kind of scenario would benefit is in the modelling of the vocabulary that is then used to populate that schema. For example, the kinds of person that may be involved in an event, or the different kinds of venue where an event may be held. Cheers, Sean -- Sean Bechhofer seanb@cs.man.ac.uk http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~seanb From - Sun Oct 20 19:22:30 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g9BM7O32008441; Sat, 12 Oct 2002 00:07:24 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g9BM7O602541; Sat, 12 Oct 2002 00:07:24 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAEzaG9e; Sat, 12 Oct 02 00:07:23 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g9BLkiXY010318 for ; Fri, 11 Oct 2002 14:46:44 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g9BLkiwD010316 for semantics-list; Fri, 11 Oct 2002 14:46:44 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from mail630.gsfc.nasa.gov (mail630.gsfc.nasa.gov [128.183.190.39]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g9BLkgXY010313 for ; Fri, 11 Oct 2002 14:46:43 -0700 Received: from gsfc.nasa.gov (ram.gsfc.nasa.gov [128.183.114.136]) by mail630.gsfc.nasa.gov (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g9BM6iI19067 for ; Fri, 11 Oct 2002 18:06:44 -0400 Message-ID: <3DA74B67.8030602@gsfc.nasa.gov> Date: Fri, 11 Oct 2002 18:06:31 -0400 From: Ed Shaya Reply-To: edward.j.shaya.1@gsfc.nasa.gov User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.0rc3) Gecko/20020523 X-Accept-Language: en-us, en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: semantics@us-vo.org Subject: [Fwd: SMORE - Semantic Markup, Ontology, and RDF Editor (version 2.0b) available] Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: O X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 29 X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: eb767e1b21aa8166776adea2f5ffb803 -------- Original Message -------- Subject: SMORE - Semantic Markup, Ontology, and RDF Editor (version 2.0b) available Date: Wed, 9 Oct 2002 21:05:45 -0700 (PDT) From: Aditya Kalyanpur Reply-To: Aditya Kalyanpur To: gswsg@listserv.gsfc.nasa.gov, www-rdf-interest@w3.org Hi, SMORE - Semantic Markup, Ontology, and RDF Editor version 2.0b is now available for download. The aim of this tool is to allow users to markup their documents in RDF/XML using web ontologies in association with user-defined terms and elements. For a brief introduction and download link, please check the following url: http://www.mindswap.org/~aditkal/editor.shtml Feel free to try the beta version and let me know your thoughts on it. Thanks, Aditya. MIND SWAP Research Group (http://www.mindswap.org) University of Maryland, College Park __________________________________________________ Do you Yahoo!? Faith Hill - Exclusive Performances, Videos & More http://faith.yahoo.com From - Sun Oct 20 19:22:34 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g9HFsi83028926; Thu, 17 Oct 2002 17:54:44 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g9HFshW20487; Thu, 17 Oct 2002 17:54:43 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAT5aWaO; Thu, 17 Oct 02 17:54:43 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g9HFX2XY017870 for ; Thu, 17 Oct 2002 08:33:02 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g9HFX2L0017868 for semantics-list; Thu, 17 Oct 2002 08:33:02 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from artemis.le.ac.uk (mailsend.le.ac.uk [143.210.16.126]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g9HFX1XY017865 for ; Thu, 17 Oct 2002 08:33:01 -0700 Received: from mail.star.le.ac.uk ([143.210.36.58]) by artemis.le.ac.uk with smtp (Exim 3.16 #1) id 182CyI-0005qX-00 for semantics@us-vo.org; Thu, 17 Oct 2002 16:54:02 +0100 Received: (qmail 28846 invoked from network); 17 Oct 2002 15:54:25 -0000 Received: from bunyip.star.le.ac.uk (HELO bunyip) (143.210.36.181) by mail.star.le.ac.uk with SMTP; 17 Oct 2002 15:54:25 -0000 Reply-To: From: "Tony Linde" To: Subject: RE: UCDs, metadata and AstroOntology Date: Thu, 17 Oct 2002 16:53:56 +0100 Organization: University of Leicester Message-ID: <001401c275f5$6654dc70$b524d28f@bunyip> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.3416 In-Reply-To: X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Importance: Normal Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 48cb901aab6ae9bb36e5d97f85cc2ffd > If we agree that each column needs a metadata description > then where else do we store it? Does it matter? As long as it accompanies the data (or is easily accessible), is in a fixed position (eg a section of the VOTable) and programs know what to do with it (eg provide clickable links from column name into appropriate place in metadata description), then the column name need only be reasonable in the context of the table and not in any wider sense. I think we need to decide whether UCDs are meant to be column names or metadata. This will determine how they are developed in the future. Trying to make them mean both things will make it difficult to decide their development. >From what I've seen, it seems that people want them to be metadata with relatively simplistic semantic content. In that case, let's forget the idea of creating rich and meaningful column names and concentrate on what metadata is required for catalog, table and column data and then modify VOTable to carry that metadata. CDS can then incorporate the same ideas into their tools and the column names themselves can be simplified (or left as they are if that's what is decided). Cheers, Tony. > -----Original Message----- > From: owner-semantics@us-vo.org > [mailto:owner-semantics@us-vo.org] On Behalf Of Anita Richards > Sent: 17 October 2002 12:57 > To: semantics@us-vo.org > Subject: RE: UCDs, metadata and AstroOntology > > > > > > > > ... As I understand it, the UCDs _are_ the meta data > > > for each column but they are dynamic, ie built up out of > > > atoms from the column or the header or possibly higher levels > > > depending on the query. > > > > I'm not sure I understand what you mean by them being > dynamic. Once a > > UCD is assigned to a column, it is fixed, n'est-ce pas? > > I was using 'UCD' to mean metadata built up out of atoms, and > I ws thinking that if some of the metadata is in the header > and some is identifiying column labels then the relevant UCD > for a particular search might contain more or less atoms > strung together. But, yes, the individual atoms have to be > fixed I hope! > > ...... > > > > As you said above, UCDs are metadata, not column names, so > why not use > > the column names as the column names and store the metadata > separately > > in a form that makes it easy to access and use. > > Because the original column names are often very obscure? Or > are we at cross purposes, is Tony assuming that we have > already replaced every original column label that says > 'brightness' or 'Mags' or ??? with one saying 'PHOT"? etc? > If we agree that each column needs a metadata description > then where else do we store it? > > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > Dr. Anita M. S. Richards, AVO Astronomer > MERLIN/VLBI National Facility, University of Manchester, > Jodrell Bank Observatory, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK11 9DL, > U.K. > tel +44 (0)1477 572683 (direct); 571321 (switchboard); 571618 (fax). > > From - Sun Oct 20 19:22:34 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g9HBwB83020308; Thu, 17 Oct 2002 13:58:11 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g9HBw9P08447; Thu, 17 Oct 2002 13:58:09 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAaIaOFq; Thu, 17 Oct 02 13:58:09 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g9HBadXY016908 for ; Thu, 17 Oct 2002 04:36:39 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g9HBadmd016906 for semantics-list; Thu, 17 Oct 2002 04:36:39 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from gannet.scg.man.ac.uk (gannet.scg.man.ac.uk [130.88.94.110]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g9HBacXY016903 for ; Thu, 17 Oct 2002 04:36:39 -0700 Received: from star1.jb.man.ac.uk ([130.88.24.176]) by gannet.scg.man.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 2.05 #6) id 1829HQ-000Mm3-00 for semantics@us-vo.org; Thu, 17 Oct 2002 12:57:32 +0100 Received: from [130.88.24.148] (helo=adikia) by star1.jb.man.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.03 #2) id 1829HU-00013E-00 for semantics@us-vo.org; Thu, 17 Oct 2002 12:57:36 +0100 Date: Thu, 17 Oct 2002 12:57:27 +0100 (BST) From: Anita Richards X-Sender: amsr@adikia To: semantics@us-vo.org Subject: RE: UCDs, metadata and AstroOntology In-Reply-To: <000701c275c6$cba640c0$b524d28f@bunyip> Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 68c516a94f36898376cf8f7ae3726d0b > > > ... As I understand it, the UCDs _are_ the meta data > > for each column but they are dynamic, ie built up out of > > atoms from the column or the header or possibly higher levels > > depending on the query. > > I'm not sure I understand what you mean by them being dynamic. Once a > UCD is assigned to a column, it is fixed, n'est-ce pas? I was using 'UCD' to mean metadata built up out of atoms, and I ws thinking that if some of the metadata is in the header and some is identifiying column labels then the relevant UCD for a particular search might contain more or less atoms strung together. But, yes, the individual atoms have to be fixed I hope! ...... > > As you said above, UCDs are metadata, not column names, so why not use > the column names as the column names and store the metadata separately > in a form that makes it easy to access and use. Because the original column names are often very obscure? Or are we at cross purposes, is Tony assuming that we have already replaced every original column label that says 'brightness' or 'Mags' or ??? with one saying 'PHOT"? etc? If we agree that each column needs a metadata description then where else do we store it? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Dr. Anita M. S. Richards, AVO Astronomer MERLIN/VLBI National Facility, University of Manchester, Jodrell Bank Observatory, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK11 9DL, U.K. tel +44 (0)1477 572683 (direct); 571321 (switchboard); 571618 (fax). From - Sun Oct 20 19:22:34 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g9HAKk83006561; Thu, 17 Oct 2002 12:20:47 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g9HAKkq05107; Thu, 17 Oct 2002 12:20:46 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAn3aq_j; Thu, 17 Oct 02 12:20:45 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g9H9xNXY016646 for ; Thu, 17 Oct 2002 02:59:23 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g9H9xNAa016644 for semantics-list; Thu, 17 Oct 2002 02:59:23 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from apollo.le.ac.uk (mailsend.le.ac.uk [143.210.16.125]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g9H9xMXY016641 for ; Thu, 17 Oct 2002 02:59:23 -0700 Received: from mail.star.le.ac.uk ([143.210.36.58]) by apollo.le.ac.uk with smtp (Exim 3.16 #1) id 1827lN-0006hH-00 for semantics@us-vo.org; Thu, 17 Oct 2002 11:20:21 +0100 Received: (qmail 23193 invoked from network); 17 Oct 2002 10:20:44 -0000 Received: from bunyip.star.le.ac.uk (HELO bunyip) (143.210.36.181) by mail.star.le.ac.uk with SMTP; 17 Oct 2002 10:20:44 -0000 Reply-To: From: "Tony Linde" To: Subject: RE: UCDs, metadata and AstroOntology Date: Thu, 17 Oct 2002 11:20:19 +0100 Organization: University of Leicester Message-ID: <000701c275c6$cba640c0$b524d28f@bunyip> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.3416 In-Reply-To: X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Importance: Normal Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: d6de7188cf6cc321a89e21af7589369b > -----Original Message----- > From: owner-semantics@us-vo.org > [mailto:owner-semantics@us-vo.org] On Behalf Of Anita Richards > Sent: 16 October 2002 14:38 ... > In practice, catalogues might contain any information > anywhere... I guess this relates to 'annotation' - the process of adding metadata to articles, data tables etc. A big job but one that CDS does now and which the bioinformaticians have obviously developed various bits of software to help with. > ... As I understand it, the UCDs _are_ the meta data > for each column but they are dynamic, ie built up out of > atoms from the column or the header or possibly higher levels > depending on the query. I'm not sure I understand what you mean by them being dynamic. Once a UCD is assigned to a column, it is fixed, n'est-ce pas? > -----Original Message----- > From: Guy Rixon [mailto:gtr@ast.cam.ac.uk] > Sent: 16 October 2002 15:48 ... > ... For me, UCDs ARE > metadata but ARE NOT names. I think I'm getting the message now :) And I guess I should have realised that from the name: unified column DESCRIPTORS. > I propose that a programme reading, say, a VOTable should be > able to find and use columns of that table for which it knows > the semantics independently of some ontological service. Which is basically saying that all or some of the metadata should be embedded in the VOTable, so any piece of data should carry its metadata around with it. I have no argument with that, though I guess in some cases it'll be better not to (cannot think of an example offhand). > 1. To make the parsing self-contained. Collating bits of > metadata from many parts of a document makes a programme complicated. I don't think I agree with that. To me, parsing is always more difficult than looking in a specific place for a specific piece of data. If metadata is carried in a specific place in the VOTable, it'll be relatively easy for a program to look for it there and use it. As you said above, UCDs are metadata, not column names, so why not use the column names as the column names and store the metadata separately in a form that makes it easy to access and use. > -----Original Message----- > From: Ray Plante [mailto:rplante@poplar.ncsa.uiuc.edu] > Sent: 16 October 2002 16:05 ... > Last week, a number of us attended a workshop at SAO on > developing data models for the VO... Do you have a write-up on any papers presented or outcomes of the meeting? > As many of you know, I'm partial to a data-model-based metadata > definition; I'm not sure what you mean by 'data-model-based metadata', Ray? Can you explain this more or point to any papers you've written that expalin it? Thanks. Cheers, Tony. __ Tony Linde Phone: +44 (0)116 223 1292 AstroGrid Project Manager Fax: +44 (0)116 252 3311 Dept of Physics & Astronomy Mobile: +44 (0)7753 603356 University of Leicester Email: ael@star.le.ac.uk Leicester, UK LE1 7RH Web: http://www.astrogrid.org From - Sun Oct 20 19:22:34 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g9H8it83019147; Thu, 17 Oct 2002 10:45:01 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g9H8isI01031; Thu, 17 Oct 2002 10:44:54 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAbUaOac; Thu, 17 Oct 02 10:44:54 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g9H8NMXY016409 for ; Thu, 17 Oct 2002 01:23:22 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g9H8NM9d016407 for semantics-list; Thu, 17 Oct 2002 01:23:22 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from apollo.le.ac.uk (mailsend.le.ac.uk [143.210.16.125]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g9H8NKXY016404 for ; Thu, 17 Oct 2002 01:23:21 -0700 Received: from mail.star.le.ac.uk ([143.210.36.58]) by apollo.le.ac.uk with smtp (Exim 3.16 #1) id 1826GQ-0004hG-00 for semantics@us-vo.org; Thu, 17 Oct 2002 09:44:18 +0100 Received: (qmail 7876 invoked from network); 17 Oct 2002 08:44:36 -0000 Received: from bunyip.star.le.ac.uk (HELO bunyip) (143.210.36.181) by mail.star.le.ac.uk with SMTP; 17 Oct 2002 08:44:36 -0000 Reply-To: From: "Tony Linde" To: Subject: Nature feature: Putting a name on it Date: Thu, 17 Oct 2002 09:44:13 +0100 Organization: University of Leicester Message-ID: <000001c275b9$5e82dfb0$b524d28f@bunyip> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.3416 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Importance: Normal Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 207e8bf3f227e8b6f1ec510ba64d5964 Feature article in Nature about gene annotation: http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nature/journal/v419/n69 08/full/419755a_fs.html I guess if astronomers want to get serious about AstroOntology, we're going to need a similar degree of effort in automating the process of annotation. Or are the two fields so different that a different approach is called for? Cheers, Tony. __ Tony Linde Phone: +44 (0)116 223 1292 AstroGrid Project Manager Fax: +44 (0)116 252 3311 Dept of Physics & Astronomy Mobile: +44 (0)7753 603356 University of Leicester Email: ael@star.le.ac.uk Leicester, UK LE1 7RH Web: http://www.astrogrid.org From - Sun Oct 6 22:11:25 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g96AJObb025767; Sun, 6 Oct 2002 12:19:29 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g96AJMO09424; Sun, 6 Oct 2002 12:19:22 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAdua4zs; Sun, 6 Oct 02 12:19:22 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g969xCXY006508 for ; Sun, 6 Oct 2002 02:59:12 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g969xC8c006506 for semantics-list; Sun, 6 Oct 2002 02:59:12 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from blueyonder.co.uk (pcow053o.blueyonder.co.uk [195.188.53.96]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g969xAXY006503 for ; Sun, 6 Oct 2002 02:59:11 -0700 Received: from pcow053o.blueyonder.co.uk ([127.0.0.1]) by blueyonder.co.uk with Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.5.1877.757.75); Sun, 6 Oct 2002 11:18:12 +0100 Received: from cs.man.ac.uk (unverified [80.194.33.21]) by pcow053o.blueyonder.co.uk (Content Technologies SMTPRS 4.2.9) with ESMTP id ; Sun, 6 Oct 2002 11:18:12 +0100 Message-ID: <3DA00E1E.5D0F85B7@cs.man.ac.uk> Date: Sun, 06 Oct 2002 11:19:10 +0100 From: Alan Rector Reply-To: rector@man.ac.uk X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.79 [en] (Windows NT 5.0; U) X-Accept-Language: en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: tol@star.le.ac.uk CC: semantics@us-vo.org, greg@skical.org, danbri@w3.org, libby.miller@bristol.ac.uk Subject: Re: Use of DAML+OIL/SkiCal and iCalendar in DAML+OIL References: <004a01c26bc6$c114fcf0$b524d28f@bunyip> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 0b007e313119e7fb4f4390808d52d966 Tony - Dan, Libby and Greg Thanks to Tony for bringing the paper to our attention. A question for the authors... Most of the issues concern namespaces and equivalence which I shall leave to Sean. Towards the end of the paper you have an almost throw away comment that "Another significant problem was the awkward syntax and limited expressivity..." Leaving aside the awkward syntax, I would be curious to know specific examples of the problems with expressivity in your concrete task. The reference to Pat Hayes isn't helpful because I know his theoretical position. The question is, "What happens in practice?" I know which things have caused problems in building biomedical ontologies. I think it is very important to know, concretely, what causes problems to others in other fields. Otherwise we are arguing without evidence. Thanks Alan -- Alan L Rector Professor of Medical Informatics Department of Computer Science University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL, UK TEL: +44-161-275-6188/6239/7183 FAX: +44-161-275-6204 email: rector@cs.man.ac.uk web: www.cs.man.ac.uk/mig www.opengalen.org Tony Linde wrote: > Ran across this paper at: > http://www.ilrt.bristol.ac.uk/discovery/2002/03/skical-daml/ > > It deals with applying DAML+OIL approach to an existing application > (SkiCal). I'd be interested to get Sean's comments on how they > approached the problem and their conclusions about DAML+OIL. > > (I'll be glad when OWL takes over - it's easier to type!) > > Cheers, > Tony. > > __ > Tony Linde Phone: +44 (0)116 223 1292 > AstroGrid Project Manager Fax: +44 (0)116 252 3311 > Dept of Physics & Astronomy Mobile: +44 (0)7753 603356 > University of Leicester Email: tol@star.le.ac.uk > Leicester, UK LE1 7RH Web: http://www.astrogrid.org > From - Sun Sep 29 11:41:18 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g8SG4Nax024927; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 18:04:23 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g8SG3cb09533; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 18:03:38 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAvmaGNs; Sat, 28 Sep 02 18:03:37 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8SFkCXY007284 for ; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 08:46:12 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g8SFkCIA007282 for semantics-list; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 08:46:12 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from serenity.mcc.ac.uk (serenity.mcc.ac.uk [130.88.200.93]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8SFkBXY007279 for ; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 08:46:12 -0700 Received: from gerhayn.mcc.ac.uk ([130.88.200.48]) by serenity.mcc.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 2.05 #6) id 17vK4Z-000P7p-00; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 17:04:03 +0100 Received: from pc-80-194-33-21-sh.blueyonder.co.uk ([80.194.33.21] helo=cs.man.ac.uk) by gerhayn.mcc.ac.uk with asmtp (SSLv3:RC4-MD5:128) (Exim 4.04) id 17vK4Y-000K6G-00; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 17:04:02 +0100 Message-ID: <3D95D325.73934075@cs.man.ac.uk> Date: Sat, 28 Sep 2002 17:04:53 +0100 From: Alan Rector Reply-To: rector@man.ac.uk X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.79 [en] (Windows NT 5.0; U) X-Accept-Language: en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: Roy Williams CC: semantics@us-vo.org, Alex Szalay , Jim Gray Subject: Re: UMLS (Unified Medical Language System) References: <015401c26705$5f491e40$6401a8c0@cacr.caltech.edu> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Authenticated-Sender: mbassalr from pc-80-194-33-21-sh.blueyonder.co.uk (cs.man.ac.uk) [80.194.33.21] X-Authenticated-From: Alan.L.Rector@man.ac.uk Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 8ee818ae72bc280ec1c1367ccac55746 Roy The UMLS is a major resource managed by the US National Library of Medicine. It provides a cross reference of most of the major medical and many bio ontologies. Lots of information available on the web. It is probably more a resource to link to and develop from than develop. It's free, but there is a fairly complex licensing agreement because much of the material contained is subject to various copyright agreements. What can be re-used depends on the category of IP agreement in the license. Regards Alan Roy Williams wrote: > I saw a link to this in my email this morning, the Unified Medical > Language System (*), a compendium of different vocabularies about > medicine. It is sorted and classified in different ways, and has > licenced software to go with it. > > "The Metathesaurus preserves the meanings, attributes, hierarchical > connections, and other relationships between terms present in its source > vocabularies, while adding certain basic information about each of its > concepts and establishing synonymy and new relationships between > concepts and terms from different source vocabularies. > > METATHESAURUS SIZE: 113,699,627 BYTES. > CONCEPT UNIQUE IDENTIFIERS (CUIs): 729,248 > SYNONYMS: 1,598,176 > > I wonder if this is something we could develop as a VO resource? There > are varous candidate vocabularies that we could uses as a basis listed > below(**). > > It looks like NIH have spent a lot of resouces on UMLS, and I wonder > exactly how people use it, and more importantly for us, how such a thing > might help the VO community? > > Roy Williams > --------- > Caltech Center for Advanced Computing Research > mail roy@cacr.caltech.edu > voice +1 626 395 3670 > > ----------------------------------------------- > (*) The UMLS system is explained here: > http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/META2.HTML > > This is a list of all the vocaularies that UMLS has subsumed > http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/METAA1.HTML > > This is a list of "semantic types" > http://umlsinfo.nlm.nih.gov/styfile.html > > ------------------------- > (**) Some Astronomy Vocabularies > UCD vocabulary > http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/doc/UCD.htx > > Astronomy Thesaurus > http://msowww.anu.edu.au/library/thesaurus/ > > American Institute of Physics > http://www.aip.org/pacs/pacs01/pacs0190.htm -- Alan L Rector Professor of Medical Informatics Department of Computer Science University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL, UK TEL: +44-161-275-6188/6239/7183 FAX: +44-161-275-6204 email: rector@cs.man.ac.uk web: www.cs.man.ac.uk/mig www.opengalen.org From - Sun Sep 29 11:41:18 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g8SFiaax023863; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 17:44:37 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g8SFhqI09257; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 17:43:52 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAUKaafs; Sat, 28 Sep 02 17:43:51 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8SFQWXY007225 for ; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 08:26:32 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g8SFQWrh007223 for semantics-list; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 08:26:32 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from gannet.scg.man.ac.uk (gannet.scg.man.ac.uk [130.88.94.110]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8SFQUXY007220 for ; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 08:26:31 -0700 Received: from star1.jb.man.ac.uk ([130.88.24.176]) by gannet.scg.man.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 2.05 #6) id 17vJlR-000HiH-00; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 16:44:17 +0100 Received: from [130.88.24.148] (helo=adikia) by star1.jb.man.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.03 #2) id 17vJlR-00055f-00; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 16:44:17 +0100 Date: Sat, 28 Sep 2002 16:44:12 +0100 (BST) From: Anita Richards X-Sender: amsr@adikia To: semantics@us-vo.org, seanb Subject: Re: Taxonomy issues In-Reply-To: <3D95BFC8.6263D765@cs.man.ac.uk> Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 6ce7122c931c895fd6233411259d826f Thanks to Carole and Sean, I think I understand what I was trying to say earlier better now.... > Of course in biology there are different classifications and > definitions -- there is no standard definition for what a gene is for > example. DAML+OIL allows multiple definitions, and will report on > definitions that are inconsistent. What you do then is an interesting > story. And it depends on what you want to use the ontology / taxonomy > for. It is much worse in astronomy though because no-one dies or even sues if we define something in ten different ways... So I do not think the people constructing ontologies should have to sort out genuine inconsistencies (just avoid accidentally creating more ourselves!) > So, onto the subject of contradictions and inconsistency. I say that > all Widgets are blue, while you think that Widgets are red. So in our > ontology, I say: > > Widget -> colour blue > > and you say > > Widget -> colour red > > If we also have some constraints that say that blue and red are > mutually exclusive, then we have arrived at a contradiction. This implies that we should avoid mutually exclusive definitions within an ontology for astronomy, because people can disagree about definitions, or definitions can change with time. For example, an optical astronomer might say that all stars with an emission line at 500 nm is a green fairy, and those with a line at 700 nm are red fairies. A radio astromoner might then use an insensitive survey to find that only red fairies had radio emission and classify all radio stars as red fairies. However if green fairies do have weak radio emission, some radio stars in a more sensitive survey could be misclassified. So, suppose a star cannot actually be both, we (as in the ontology authors) do not want to have to decide, and we do not want to throw out the information either. I suppose this is really the 'individual' case, but there are also cases of contradictory definitions of precisely measured properties, e.g. whether a red fairy is a variable star with a period of <400 days or <350 days and a green fairy has a period of >400 or >350 days..... But I think the implications for an ontology user are the same: if I was searching for all the green fairies in a galaxy, I would want a warning about those which were classified as red and as green in radio and optical catalogues respectively as well as those which were classified according to an ambiguous definition (periods of around 375 days). What I think would be useful is if we could constrain properties to be "contradictory" as a description, of perhaps just as "linked", so that any query which involved returning a description or list of (a) green fairy(ies) would automatically note any also classified as red.... > One solution to this is to use the classification as a "conceptual > coat rack" and hang "extralogical" information off it. This is the > kind of thing that the RuleML initiative is aimed at. This then allows > us to state things about OWL classes that are not necessarily part of > the ontological or intensional definition of the class, but which we > want to make available to applications. Um, is that similar to what I am suggesting above? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Dr. Anita M. S. Richards, AVO Astronomer MERLIN/VLBI National Facility, University of Manchester, Jodrell Bank Observatory, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK11 9DL, U.K. tel +44 (0)1477 572683 (direct); 571321 (switchboard); 571618 (fax). From - Sun Sep 29 11:41:18 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g8SFfZax023519; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 17:41:35 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g8SFeoE09204; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 17:40:50 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAmlay_r; Sat, 28 Sep 02 17:40:49 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8SFNTXY007214 for ; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 08:23:30 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g8SFNTft007212 for semantics-list; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 08:23:29 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from smtp1.linkline.com (smtp1.linkline.com [192.216.128.16]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8SFNTXY007209 for ; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 08:23:29 -0700 Received: from ROXY (dsl-pb-1504.linkline.com [64.30.223.60]) by smtp1.linkline.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 10B7A36E711; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 08:41:14 -0700 (PDT) Message-ID: <015401c26705$5f491e40$6401a8c0@cacr.caltech.edu> From: "Roy Williams" To: Cc: "Alex Szalay" , "Jim Gray" References: Subject: UMLS (Unified Medical Language System) Date: Sat, 28 Sep 2002 08:40:28 -0700 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: d370afb4b09d2c02a5353733b082f40c I saw a link to this in my email this morning, the Unified Medical Language System (*), a compendium of different vocabularies about medicine. It is sorted and classified in different ways, and has licenced software to go with it. "The Metathesaurus preserves the meanings, attributes, hierarchical connections, and other relationships between terms present in its source vocabularies, while adding certain basic information about each of its concepts and establishing synonymy and new relationships between concepts and terms from different source vocabularies. METATHESAURUS SIZE: 113,699,627 BYTES. CONCEPT UNIQUE IDENTIFIERS (CUIs): 729,248 SYNONYMS: 1,598,176 I wonder if this is something we could develop as a VO resource? There are varous candidate vocabularies that we could uses as a basis listed below(**). It looks like NIH have spent a lot of resouces on UMLS, and I wonder exactly how people use it, and more importantly for us, how such a thing might help the VO community? Roy Williams --------- Caltech Center for Advanced Computing Research mail roy@cacr.caltech.edu voice +1 626 395 3670 ----------------------------------------------- (*) The UMLS system is explained here: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/META2.HTML This is a list of all the vocaularies that UMLS has subsumed http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/METAA1.HTML This is a list of "semantic types" http://umlsinfo.nlm.nih.gov/styfile.html ------------------------- (**) Some Astronomy Vocabularies UCD vocabulary http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/doc/UCD.htx Astronomy Thesaurus http://msowww.anu.edu.au/library/thesaurus/ American Institute of Physics http://www.aip.org/pacs/pacs01/pacs0190.htm From - Fri Sep 27 15:59:37 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g8RDjDNN007337; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 15:45:13 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g8RDiRF02550; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 15:44:27 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAOMaO_e; Fri, 27 Sep 02 15:44:26 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8RDRDXY002458 for ; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 06:27:13 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g8RDRDBv002456 for semantics-list; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 06:27:13 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from artemis.le.ac.uk (artemis.le.ac.uk [143.210.16.126]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8RDRCXY002453 for ; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 06:27:13 -0700 Received: from mail.star.le.ac.uk ([143.210.36.58] helo=happy.star.le.ac.uk) by artemis.le.ac.uk with smtp (Exim 3.16 #1) id 17uvQL-0005Sk-00 for semantics@us-vo.org; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 14:44:53 +0100 Received: (qmail 2421 invoked from network); 27 Sep 2002 13:45:17 -0000 Received: from bunyip.star.le.ac.uk (HELO bunyip) (143.210.36.181) by print.star.le.ac.uk with SMTP; 27 Sep 2002 13:45:17 -0000 Reply-To: From: "Tony Linde" To: Subject: Taxonomy issues Date: Fri, 27 Sep 2002 14:44:49 +0100 Organization: University of Leicester Message-ID: <011c01c2662c$0c70fa00$b524d28f@bunyip> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.3416 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Importance: Normal Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 8950b1ba2e8fee5238ade48c9b6a55bd A letter in Nature today (Vol 419, 26 Sept, p 337) raises the concern that creating a 'taxonomy portal' (taxonomy in the sense of species classification) could lead to the imposition of a standard view of what an object is or is not, whereas, at the moment, two authors can review the same evidence and come to different conclusions about the classification of a species. I think this is an issue that will come to the fore in the creation of an AstroOntology which might sit at the core of our VO's registries and workflow engines. Is it possible using DAML+OIL or equivalents to classify the same object as two apparently contradictory things? I assume not. But both authors must be allowed to classify an object as different things. So how is this issue resolved? Cheers, Tony. __ Tony Linde Phone: +44 (0)116 223 1292 AstroGrid Project Manager Fax: +44 (0)116 252 3311 Dept of Physics & Astronomy Mobile: +44 (0)7753 603356 University of Leicester Email: tol@star.le.ac.uk Leicester, UK LE1 7RH Web: http://www.astrogrid.org From - Sun Sep 29 11:41:18 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g8SFPqax022711; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 17:25:52 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g8SFP7Q09018; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 17:25:07 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAy8aiNr; Sat, 28 Sep 02 17:25:06 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8SF7eXY007157 for ; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 08:07:40 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g8SF7e3B007155 for semantics-list; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 08:07:40 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from serenity.mcc.ac.uk (serenity.mcc.ac.uk [130.88.200.93]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8SF7cXY007152 for ; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 08:07:39 -0700 Received: from gomwe.mcc.ac.uk ([130.88.200.47]) by serenity.mcc.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 2.05 #6) id 17vJTG-000OJa-00; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 16:25:30 +0100 Received: from pc-80-194-33-21-sh.blueyonder.co.uk ([80.194.33.21] helo=cs.man.ac.uk) by gomwe.mcc.ac.uk with asmtp (SSLv3:RC4-MD5:128) (Exim 4.04) id 17vJTF-000LoH-00; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 16:25:29 +0100 Message-ID: <3D95CA23.B2BE53A2@cs.man.ac.uk> Date: Sat, 28 Sep 2002 16:26:27 +0100 From: Alan Rector Reply-To: rector@man.ac.uk X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.79 [en] (Windows NT 5.0; U) X-Accept-Language: en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: rector@man.ac.uk CC: Carole Goble , Anita Richards , semantics@us-vo.org, seanb Subject: Re: Taxonomy issues References: <3D95BFC8.6263D765@cs.man.ac.uk> <3D95C544.D684EA2E@cs.man.ac.uk> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Authenticated-Sender: mbassalr from pc-80-194-33-21-sh.blueyonder.co.uk (cs.man.ac.uk) [80.194.33.21] X-Authenticated-From: Alan.L.Rector@man.ac.uk Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 27051536160a900bce85c9c05404756a Addendum Some groups in the medical area draw the following distinctions which may be helpful "Terming" - finding the linguistic unit corresponding to a concept "coding" - finding the concept in a logical sense "classification" - classifying it according to some specific purpose, usually an externally imposed set of classes from WHO, a funding body, etc. "Grouping" - an even more arbitrary grouping together of classes and codes, usually tied to management, payment, or planning, which are typically linked by their relative cost/expenditure/resource implications rather than any affinity within the domain of discourse - e.g. uncomplicated appendicectomy and brief hospitalisation for pneumnia might find themselves in the same 'group' because they both involve roughly 3 days hospitalisation. Alan Alan Rector wrote: > Anita, Carole and all > > The medical world draws a sharp distinction between "classifications" and "conceptual > models". "There are many reasons for creating classifications, e.g. epidemiological > studies, payment for procedures, bibliographic retrieval, etc. The classification > criteri may be logical or pragmatic, e.g. many epidemiological classifications have > more to do with the history of what diseases were important in 1900 than they > do with any logical structure of our understanding today -- but that is still how > they > must be reported to the World Health Organisation for international statistics. > > "Logic based ontologies" (just "ontologies" for short) on the other hand are, or > should be, purely logical. The hierarchy is based on pure subsumption,. i.e. > necessary implication. If well built, they will be likely to exhibit certain sorts > of emergent behaviour - i.e. you can't predict all the logical consequences from any > rich set of relationships. However, they will be lawful (indeed logical), and changes > will have predictable consequences - this is very important in the issue of revisions > which you allude to. > > On the other hand, the source of the information in the logical structure may require > > domain experts - e.g. astronomers - or may be induced (we hope) from various corpora. > > There is a trade-off between logical rigour and match to pragmatic behaviour. > How you manage that trade off depends on the applications. For clinical > decision making a high degree of rigour is required. For many information > retrieval tasks, pragmatic behaviour is more important. > > As systems scale up, the trade-offs become more problematic because > humans' memory capacity is exceeded so we can't remember the > idiosyncrasies. On the one hand, non-logical behaviour becomes awkward > because it gives rise to increasing numbers of exceptions to be dealt by > any software operation; on the other, our ability to construct fully > logical structures without relying on emergent behaviour decreases. > > Our belief is that least one important task is to provide tools that make > easier the building of logical ontologies, > or if you prefer of logical views of conceptual representations -which > may have many and diverse origins, emergent or a priori. > > Regards > > Alan > > -- > Alan L Rector > Professor of Medical Informatics > Department of Computer Science > University of Manchester > Manchester M13 9PL, UK > TEL: +44-161-275-6188/6239/7183 > FAX: +44-161-275-6204 > email: rector@cs.man.ac.uk > web: www.cs.man.ac.uk/mig > www.opengalen.org > > Carole Goble wrote: > > > Anita > > > > > > > > > > A great advantage of an emergent behaviour system is that the computers do > > > > the work, and there is no need to hire a librarian who is also an expert in > > > > astronomy. > > > > > > > In fact it isn't true at all in my opinion. Emergent behaviours need just as much > > effort. It also depends what kind of decision making you are doing on the > > results. If its for some search tool used by a person you may not care if its is > > screwed or odd; if its the basis of an automated decision procedure for composing > > some web services or steering a simulation you probably do care. > > > > > > > > True up to a point, but the emerging system will need an overhaul every so > > > often. The CDS allocate UCDs automatically to new catalogues, which > > > works very well but occasionally something inappropriate slips in and then > > > propagates, so a periodic review by someone who is indeed both a librarian > > > and has a wide knowledge of astronomy is going to be required. > > > > > > > Emergent behaviour needs reasoning perhaps more than a priori schemes in order to > > identify inconsistencies so you can do something about them. Inconsistencies may > > well be represented -- which leads to diverging ontologies with some common and > > some alternatives, which means effectively handling different ontologies with > > varying degrees of ontological commitment. The point here is that to be ignorant > > or oblivious of inconsistencies is undesirable. > > > > The idea that there are two different worlds - emergent and a priori -- is naive > > and a false. The semantic web effort is based on the merging of both approaches. > > hence all the effort in ontology learning. > > > > Of course in biology there are different classifications and definitions -- there > > is no standard definition for what a gene is for example. DAML+OIL allows > > multiple definitions, and will report on definitions that are inconsistent. What > > you do then is an interesting story. And it depends on what you want to use the > > ontology / taxonomy for. > > > > My colleague Sean Bechhofer offers these insights below. A key point he makes > > is: are you talking about individuals or concepts? Some of the examples seem to > > confuse the two. Ontologies are about concepts. Knowledge bases are about > > individuals. They are different spaces. > > > > Cheers > > > > Carole > > > > Sean writes: > > > > Quick answer: > > > > It depends. > > > > Slightly longer answer: > > > > It depends on what you mean by "classifying objects". > > > > Even longer answer: > > > > [Apologies for introducing some technical stuff here, but I think you > > have to understand exactly what classification in OWL means in order > > to explain this -- I will use "OWL" rather than DAML+OIL as it's > > likely to become the standard and it's easier to type :-). Also > > apologies if at any point I'm entering into Grandma/egg sucking > > territory.] > > > > OWL allows us to define classes of objects and possibly apply > > reasoning techniques to discover relationships between those classes > > of objects. An interpretation of an OWL ontology maps the classes in > > the ontology to collections of objects in the domain (the instances of > > the class). We can then do reasoning over the ontology because we have > > a precise and unambiguous interpretation of what it *means* when we > > form a composite class description using the constructors in the > > language. > > > > So, for example, if I talk about the class (Cat or Dog) I know > > *exactly* what the interpretation of this is -- it is all the > > instances in the domain that are either instances of the class Cat or > > the class Dog. The reasoning that we perform about class subsumptions > > is then based on those interpretations. Essentially, if we can show > > that in *any* interpretation of the ontology, it must be the case that > > any instance of B must be an instance of A, then we can deduce that B > > is a subclass of A. This, in general, is what we (i.e. myself and my > > colleagues) tend to mean when we talk about classification -- it's the > > organisation of *classes* into a hierarchy using class subsumption. > > > > Once we have defined an OWL ontology, the relationships between the > > classes in the ontology are then not "up for discussion" -- the > > semantics tells us precisely when classes will subsume, and when they > > will not. (This all assumes, of course that you buy into the > > underlying semantics of OWL. You can choose not to, of course and then > > interpret the classes in whatever way you choose, but if you do that > > then this discussion is not for you anyway.). The ontology represents > > some kind of indefeasible state of the world. If I want to use your > > ontology, then I have to make a commitment to believing the way that > > you have structured the world -- that's what using ontologies does for > > us. It provides the shared conceptualisation. With a language like > > OWL, not only do we get shared *vocabulary*, but we also get explicit > > descriptions of what we mean. If I say in my ontology that (I use a > > non-astronomical example here for two reasons: a) it helps to avoid > > technical nit-picking; and more importantly b) I know nothing about > > astronomy :-) > > > > CatLover == Person with more than 3 Cats > > > > then I'm being explicit here about what I mean. You may disagree and > > say "oh no, a cat lover doesn't have to *have* lots of cats, they just > > have to love them". However, at this point, we can now discuss the > > definition and possibly refine it. The key point is that rather than > > encoding the characteristics of the class in the name or some > > documentation as happens in traditional controlled vocabularies, we > > are providing a "machine interpretable" description, which will allow > > us to make inferences about the classes. > > > > So, onto the subject of contradictions and inconsistency. I say that > > all Widgets are blue, while you think that Widgets are red. So in our > > ontology, I say: > > > > Widget -> colour blue > > > > and you say > > > > Widget -> colour red > > > > If we also have some constraints that say that blue and red are > > mutually exclusive, then we have arrived at a contradiction. It is > > simply *not possible* for anything to meet the criteria that we have > > said must hold for something to be an instance of the class Widget, so > > the class is inconsistent. The reasoner will be able to tell us > > this. If, after "full and frank discussions", we still maintain these > > views, then it's simply the case that we do *not* share a common > > conceptualisation of our domain. What I mean by Widget is different to > > what you mean by Widget. At this point we either go our separate ways, > > or alternatively say nothing in the ontology about the colour of > > Widgets, which although now less detailed, now reflects our *shared* > > understanding. > > > > Alternatively, we might have different views on the same class. A > > classic example here is that of the Triangle. I might define a > > Triangle as being a polygon with three sides. You say its a polygon > > with three angles. These are, in fact perfectly acceptable (and > > mutually consistent) alternative definitions for the class of > > Triangles. OWL allows us to supply such alternative definitions, and > > the reasoner will tell us when these definitions are consistent and > > when they are not. > > > > One solution to this is to use the classification as a "conceptual > > coat rack" and hang "extralogical" information off it. This is the > > kind of thing that the RuleML initiative is aimed at. This then allows > > us to state things about OWL classes that are not necessarily part of > > the ontological or intensional definition of the class, but which we > > want to make available to applications. > > > > If when you talk about "classifying objects", you actually mean > > describing individuals, then the situation is slightly different. The > > usual picture (from the Description Logic perspective, which has > > strongly influenced the web ontology language work) is that we have an > > ontology (or "T-Box" or "schema") that describes the classes of the > > domain (as above). We then have a collection of instances (or "A-box") > > along with information describing the properties that particular > > individuals have. There is a slight blurring of these worlds due to > > some of the constructors in OWL, but it's worth thinking about it this > > way. > > > > Now once we have our schema or ontology fixed, we can make assertions > > about objects in the world. You might think that star Beta-X-17 is a > > Red Dwarf. I might say it's a Green Fairy (is my lack of astronomical > > knowledge showing??? :-). Let us assume that these two assertions are > > contradictory. However this is now a disagreement about the properties > > of a particular *individual*, rather than a disagreement about the > > properties of the classes in the ontology. > > > > An analogy is that of database and schema. We may agree on the schema > > of our database (people have names, addresses and so on), but disagree > > on who lives at No.14 Acacia Avenue. This is an discrepancy at the > > data level (that we may want to be informed about), but does not > > change the fact that we agree about the general way the world fits > > together. > > > > So in this case, resolving the discrepancy concerning our different > > descriptions of Beta-X-17 is not an *ontology* issue, rather an issue > > about the *use* of that ontology. > > > > This problem is not exclusive to OWL -- we could easily have > > contradictory descriptions of Beta-X-17 using some controlled > > vocabulary or terminology. I guess the interesting thing here though > > is that the richer language allows us to spot that there really *is* a > > contradiction between our opinions. Indeed, allowing contradictory > > descriptions of individuals is key to supporting the Semantic Web -- > > it certainly will not be the case that all the information out there > > will agree! > > > > Cheers, > > > > Sean > > -- > > Sean Bechhofer > > seanb@cs.man.ac.uk > > http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~seanb > > > > > > > > best wishes > > > > > > Anita > > > > > > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > > > Dr. Anita M. S. Richards, AVO Astronomer > > > MERLIN/VLBI National Facility, University of Manchester, > > > Jodrell Bank Observatory, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK11 9DL, U.K. > > > tel +44 (0)1477 572683 (direct); 571321 (switchboard); 571618 (fax). -- Alan L Rector Professor of Medical Informatics Department of Computer Science University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL, UK TEL: +44-161-275-6188/6239/7183 FAX: +44-161-275-6204 email: rector@cs.man.ac.uk web: www.cs.man.ac.uk/mig www.opengalen.org From - Sun Sep 29 11:41:18 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g8SF51ax021485; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 17:05:01 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g8SF4HL08706; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 17:04:17 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAYMaiar; Sat, 28 Sep 02 17:04:16 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8SEkrXY007098 for ; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 07:46:53 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g8SEkrLD007096 for semantics-list; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 07:46:53 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from serenity.mcc.ac.uk (serenity.mcc.ac.uk [130.88.200.93]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8SEkqXY007093 for ; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 07:46:52 -0700 Received: from gomwe.mcc.ac.uk ([130.88.200.47]) by serenity.mcc.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 2.05 #6) id 17vJ99-000Nqi-00; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 16:04:43 +0100 Received: from pc-80-194-33-21-sh.blueyonder.co.uk ([80.194.33.21] helo=cs.man.ac.uk) by gomwe.mcc.ac.uk with asmtp (SSLv3:RC4-MD5:128) (Exim 4.04) id 17vJ98-000LmA-00; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 16:04:42 +0100 Message-ID: <3D95C544.D684EA2E@cs.man.ac.uk> Date: Sat, 28 Sep 2002 16:05:40 +0100 From: Alan Rector Reply-To: rector@man.ac.uk X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.79 [en] (Windows NT 5.0; U) X-Accept-Language: en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: Carole Goble CC: Anita Richards , semantics@us-vo.org, seanb Subject: Re: Taxonomy issues References: <3D95BFC8.6263D765@cs.man.ac.uk> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Authenticated-Sender: mbassalr from pc-80-194-33-21-sh.blueyonder.co.uk (cs.man.ac.uk) [80.194.33.21] X-Authenticated-From: Alan.L.Rector@man.ac.uk Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: b74f5865be095b68bbe2a67572b05d8f Anita, Carole and all The medical world draws a sharp distinction between "classifications" and "conceptual models". "There are many reasons for creating classifications, e.g. epidemiological studies, payment for procedures, bibliographic retrieval, etc. The classification criteri may be logical or pragmatic, e.g. many epidemiological classifications have more to do with the history of what diseases were important in 1900 than they do with any logical structure of our understanding today -- but that is still how they must be reported to the World Health Organisation for international statistics. "Logic based ontologies" (just "ontologies" for short) on the other hand are, or should be, purely logical. The hierarchy is based on pure subsumption,. i.e. necessary implication. If well built, they will be likely to exhibit certain sorts of emergent behaviour - i.e. you can't predict all the logical consequences from any rich set of relationships. However, they will be lawful (indeed logical), and changes will have predictable consequences - this is very important in the issue of revisions which you allude to. On the other hand, the source of the information in the logical structure may require domain experts - e.g. astronomers - or may be induced (we hope) from various corpora. There is a trade-off between logical rigour and match to pragmatic behaviour. How you manage that trade off depends on the applications. For clinical decision making a high degree of rigour is required. For many information retrieval tasks, pragmatic behaviour is more important. As systems scale up, the trade-offs become more problematic because humans' memory capacity is exceeded so we can't remember the idiosyncrasies. On the one hand, non-logical behaviour becomes awkward because it gives rise to increasing numbers of exceptions to be dealt by any software operation; on the other, our ability to construct fully logical structures without relying on emergent behaviour decreases. Our belief is that least one important task is to provide tools that make easier the building of logical ontologies, or if you prefer of logical views of conceptual representations -which may have many and diverse origins, emergent or a priori. Regards Alan -- Alan L Rector Professor of Medical Informatics Department of Computer Science University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL, UK TEL: +44-161-275-6188/6239/7183 FAX: +44-161-275-6204 email: rector@cs.man.ac.uk web: www.cs.man.ac.uk/mig www.opengalen.org Carole Goble wrote: > Anita > > > > > > > A great advantage of an emergent behaviour system is that the computers do > > > the work, and there is no need to hire a librarian who is also an expert in > > > astronomy. > > > > In fact it isn't true at all in my opinion. Emergent behaviours need just as much > effort. It also depends what kind of decision making you are doing on the > results. If its for some search tool used by a person you may not care if its is > screwed or odd; if its the basis of an automated decision procedure for composing > some web services or steering a simulation you probably do care. > > > > > True up to a point, but the emerging system will need an overhaul every so > > often. The CDS allocate UCDs automatically to new catalogues, which > > works very well but occasionally something inappropriate slips in and then > > propagates, so a periodic review by someone who is indeed both a librarian > > and has a wide knowledge of astronomy is going to be required. > > > > Emergent behaviour needs reasoning perhaps more than a priori schemes in order to > identify inconsistencies so you can do something about them. Inconsistencies may > well be represented -- which leads to diverging ontologies with some common and > some alternatives, which means effectively handling different ontologies with > varying degrees of ontological commitment. The point here is that to be ignorant > or oblivious of inconsistencies is undesirable. > > The idea that there are two different worlds - emergent and a priori -- is naive > and a false. The semantic web effort is based on the merging of both approaches. > hence all the effort in ontology learning. > > Of course in biology there are different classifications and definitions -- there > is no standard definition for what a gene is for example. DAML+OIL allows > multiple definitions, and will report on definitions that are inconsistent. What > you do then is an interesting story. And it depends on what you want to use the > ontology / taxonomy for. > > My colleague Sean Bechhofer offers these insights below. A key point he makes > is: are you talking about individuals or concepts? Some of the examples seem to > confuse the two. Ontologies are about concepts. Knowledge bases are about > individuals. They are different spaces. > > Cheers > > Carole > > Sean writes: > > Quick answer: > > It depends. > > Slightly longer answer: > > It depends on what you mean by "classifying objects". > > Even longer answer: > > [Apologies for introducing some technical stuff here, but I think you > have to understand exactly what classification in OWL means in order > to explain this -- I will use "OWL" rather than DAML+OIL as it's > likely to become the standard and it's easier to type :-). Also > apologies if at any point I'm entering into Grandma/egg sucking > territory.] > > OWL allows us to define classes of objects and possibly apply > reasoning techniques to discover relationships between those classes > of objects. An interpretation of an OWL ontology maps the classes in > the ontology to collections of objects in the domain (the instances of > the class). We can then do reasoning over the ontology because we have > a precise and unambiguous interpretation of what it *means* when we > form a composite class description using the constructors in the > language. > > So, for example, if I talk about the class (Cat or Dog) I know > *exactly* what the interpretation of this is -- it is all the > instances in the domain that are either instances of the class Cat or > the class Dog. The reasoning that we perform about class subsumptions > is then based on those interpretations. Essentially, if we can show > that in *any* interpretation of the ontology, it must be the case that > any instance of B must be an instance of A, then we can deduce that B > is a subclass of A. This, in general, is what we (i.e. myself and my > colleagues) tend to mean when we talk about classification -- it's the > organisation of *classes* into a hierarchy using class subsumption. > > Once we have defined an OWL ontology, the relationships between the > classes in the ontology are then not "up for discussion" -- the > semantics tells us precisely when classes will subsume, and when they > will not. (This all assumes, of course that you buy into the > underlying semantics of OWL. You can choose not to, of course and then > interpret the classes in whatever way you choose, but if you do that > then this discussion is not for you anyway.). The ontology represents > some kind of indefeasible state of the world. If I want to use your > ontology, then I have to make a commitment to believing the way that > you have structured the world -- that's what using ontologies does for > us. It provides the shared conceptualisation. With a language like > OWL, not only do we get shared *vocabulary*, but we also get explicit > descriptions of what we mean. If I say in my ontology that (I use a > non-astronomical example here for two reasons: a) it helps to avoid > technical nit-picking; and more importantly b) I know nothing about > astronomy :-) > > CatLover == Person with more than 3 Cats > > then I'm being explicit here about what I mean. You may disagree and > say "oh no, a cat lover doesn't have to *have* lots of cats, they just > have to love them". However, at this point, we can now discuss the > definition and possibly refine it. The key point is that rather than > encoding the characteristics of the class in the name or some > documentation as happens in traditional controlled vocabularies, we > are providing a "machine interpretable" description, which will allow > us to make inferences about the classes. > > So, onto the subject of contradictions and inconsistency. I say that > all Widgets are blue, while you think that Widgets are red. So in our > ontology, I say: > > Widget -> colour blue > > and you say > > Widget -> colour red > > If we also have some constraints that say that blue and red are > mutually exclusive, then we have arrived at a contradiction. It is > simply *not possible* for anything to meet the criteria that we have > said must hold for something to be an instance of the class Widget, so > the class is inconsistent. The reasoner will be able to tell us > this. If, after "full and frank discussions", we still maintain these > views, then it's simply the case that we do *not* share a common > conceptualisation of our domain. What I mean by Widget is different to > what you mean by Widget. At this point we either go our separate ways, > or alternatively say nothing in the ontology about the colour of > Widgets, which although now less detailed, now reflects our *shared* > understanding. > > Alternatively, we might have different views on the same class. A > classic example here is that of the Triangle. I might define a > Triangle as being a polygon with three sides. You say its a polygon > with three angles. These are, in fact perfectly acceptable (and > mutually consistent) alternative definitions for the class of > Triangles. OWL allows us to supply such alternative definitions, and > the reasoner will tell us when these definitions are consistent and > when they are not. > > One solution to this is to use the classification as a "conceptual > coat rack" and hang "extralogical" information off it. This is the > kind of thing that the RuleML initiative is aimed at. This then allows > us to state things about OWL classes that are not necessarily part of > the ontological or intensional definition of the class, but which we > want to make available to applications. > > If when you talk about "classifying objects", you actually mean > describing individuals, then the situation is slightly different. The > usual picture (from the Description Logic perspective, which has > strongly influenced the web ontology language work) is that we have an > ontology (or "T-Box" or "schema") that describes the classes of the > domain (as above). We then have a collection of instances (or "A-box") > along with information describing the properties that particular > individuals have. There is a slight blurring of these worlds due to > some of the constructors in OWL, but it's worth thinking about it this > way. > > Now once we have our schema or ontology fixed, we can make assertions > about objects in the world. You might think that star Beta-X-17 is a > Red Dwarf. I might say it's a Green Fairy (is my lack of astronomical > knowledge showing??? :-). Let us assume that these two assertions are > contradictory. However this is now a disagreement about the properties > of a particular *individual*, rather than a disagreement about the > properties of the classes in the ontology. > > An analogy is that of database and schema. We may agree on the schema > of our database (people have names, addresses and so on), but disagree > on who lives at No.14 Acacia Avenue. This is an discrepancy at the > data level (that we may want to be informed about), but does not > change the fact that we agree about the general way the world fits > together. > > So in this case, resolving the discrepancy concerning our different > descriptions of Beta-X-17 is not an *ontology* issue, rather an issue > about the *use* of that ontology. > > This problem is not exclusive to OWL -- we could easily have > contradictory descriptions of Beta-X-17 using some controlled > vocabulary or terminology. I guess the interesting thing here though > is that the richer language allows us to spot that there really *is* a > contradiction between our opinions. Indeed, allowing contradictory > descriptions of individuals is key to supporting the Semantic Web -- > it certainly will not be the case that all the information out there > will agree! > > Cheers, > > Sean > -- > Sean Bechhofer > seanb@cs.man.ac.uk > http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~seanb > > > > > best wishes > > > > Anita > > > > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > > Dr. Anita M. S. Richards, AVO Astronomer > > MERLIN/VLBI National Facility, University of Manchester, > > Jodrell Bank Observatory, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK11 9DL, U.K. > > tel +44 (0)1477 572683 (direct); 571321 (switchboard); 571618 (fax). From - Sun Sep 29 11:41:18 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g8SEgcax019786; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 16:42:38 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g8SEfr808306; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 16:41:53 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAMJaioq; Sat, 28 Sep 02 16:41:52 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8SEOVXY007038 for ; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 07:24:31 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g8SEOV3B007036 for semantics-list; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 07:24:31 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from m1.cs.man.ac.uk (m1.cs.man.ac.uk [130.88.192.2]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8SEOSXY007033 for ; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 07:24:29 -0700 Received: from mailhost by m1.cs.man.ac.uk (8.8.8/AL/MJK-2.0) id PAA11024; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 15:42:19 +0100 (BST) Received: from rimmer ([130.88.192.94] helo=cs.man.ac.uk) by mailhost with esmtp (Exim 3.36 #1) id 17vInQ-0004S6-00; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 15:42:16 +0100 Message-ID: <3D95BFC8.6263D765@cs.man.ac.uk> Date: Sat, 28 Sep 2002 15:42:16 +0100 From: Carole Goble X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.73 [en] (WinNT; U) X-Accept-Language: en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: Anita Richards CC: semantics@us-vo.org, seanb Subject: Re: Taxonomy issues References: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 560e06fe693dab042894f5d7f7afd22b Anita > > > > A great advantage of an emergent behaviour system is that the computers do > > the work, and there is no need to hire a librarian who is also an expert in > > astronomy. > In fact it isn't true at all in my opinion. Emergent behaviours need just as much effort. It also depends what kind of decision making you are doing on the results. If its for some search tool used by a person you may not care if its is screwed or odd; if its the basis of an automated decision procedure for composing some web services or steering a simulation you probably do care. > > True up to a point, but the emerging system will need an overhaul every so > often. The CDS allocate UCDs automatically to new catalogues, which > works very well but occasionally something inappropriate slips in and then > propagates, so a periodic review by someone who is indeed both a librarian > and has a wide knowledge of astronomy is going to be required. > Emergent behaviour needs reasoning perhaps more than a priori schemes in order to identify inconsistencies so you can do something about them. Inconsistencies may well be represented -- which leads to diverging ontologies with some common and some alternatives, which means effectively handling different ontologies with varying degrees of ontological commitment. The point here is that to be ignorant or oblivious of inconsistencies is undesirable. The idea that there are two different worlds - emergent and a priori -- is naive and a false. The semantic web effort is based on the merging of both approaches. hence all the effort in ontology learning. Of course in biology there are different classifications and definitions -- there is no standard definition for what a gene is for example. DAML+OIL allows multiple definitions, and will report on definitions that are inconsistent. What you do then is an interesting story. And it depends on what you want to use the ontology / taxonomy for. My colleague Sean Bechhofer offers these insights below. A key point he makes is: are you talking about individuals or concepts? Some of the examples seem to confuse the two. Ontologies are about concepts. Knowledge bases are about individuals. They are different spaces. Cheers Carole Sean writes: Quick answer: It depends. Slightly longer answer: It depends on what you mean by "classifying objects". Even longer answer: [Apologies for introducing some technical stuff here, but I think you have to understand exactly what classification in OWL means in order to explain this -- I will use "OWL" rather than DAML+OIL as it's likely to become the standard and it's easier to type :-). Also apologies if at any point I'm entering into Grandma/egg sucking territory.] OWL allows us to define classes of objects and possibly apply reasoning techniques to discover relationships between those classes of objects. An interpretation of an OWL ontology maps the classes in the ontology to collections of objects in the domain (the instances of the class). We can then do reasoning over the ontology because we have a precise and unambiguous interpretation of what it *means* when we form a composite class description using the constructors in the language. So, for example, if I talk about the class (Cat or Dog) I know *exactly* what the interpretation of this is -- it is all the instances in the domain that are either instances of the class Cat or the class Dog. The reasoning that we perform about class subsumptions is then based on those interpretations. Essentially, if we can show that in *any* interpretation of the ontology, it must be the case that any instance of B must be an instance of A, then we can deduce that B is a subclass of A. This, in general, is what we (i.e. myself and my colleagues) tend to mean when we talk about classification -- it's the organisation of *classes* into a hierarchy using class subsumption. Once we have defined an OWL ontology, the relationships between the classes in the ontology are then not "up for discussion" -- the semantics tells us precisely when classes will subsume, and when they will not. (This all assumes, of course that you buy into the underlying semantics of OWL. You can choose not to, of course and then interpret the classes in whatever way you choose, but if you do that then this discussion is not for you anyway.). The ontology represents some kind of indefeasible state of the world. If I want to use your ontology, then I have to make a commitment to believing the way that you have structured the world -- that's what using ontologies does for us. It provides the shared conceptualisation. With a language like OWL, not only do we get shared *vocabulary*, but we also get explicit descriptions of what we mean. If I say in my ontology that (I use a non-astronomical example here for two reasons: a) it helps to avoid technical nit-picking; and more importantly b) I know nothing about astronomy :-) CatLover == Person with more than 3 Cats then I'm being explicit here about what I mean. You may disagree and say "oh no, a cat lover doesn't have to *have* lots of cats, they just have to love them". However, at this point, we can now discuss the definition and possibly refine it. The key point is that rather than encoding the characteristics of the class in the name or some documentation as happens in traditional controlled vocabularies, we are providing a "machine interpretable" description, which will allow us to make inferences about the classes. So, onto the subject of contradictions and inconsistency. I say that all Widgets are blue, while you think that Widgets are red. So in our ontology, I say: Widget -> colour blue and you say Widget -> colour red If we also have some constraints that say that blue and red are mutually exclusive, then we have arrived at a contradiction. It is simply *not possible* for anything to meet the criteria that we have said must hold for something to be an instance of the class Widget, so the class is inconsistent. The reasoner will be able to tell us this. If, after "full and frank discussions", we still maintain these views, then it's simply the case that we do *not* share a common conceptualisation of our domain. What I mean by Widget is different to what you mean by Widget. At this point we either go our separate ways, or alternatively say nothing in the ontology about the colour of Widgets, which although now less detailed, now reflects our *shared* understanding. Alternatively, we might have different views on the same class. A classic example here is that of the Triangle. I might define a Triangle as being a polygon with three sides. You say its a polygon with three angles. These are, in fact perfectly acceptable (and mutually consistent) alternative definitions for the class of Triangles. OWL allows us to supply such alternative definitions, and the reasoner will tell us when these definitions are consistent and when they are not. One solution to this is to use the classification as a "conceptual coat rack" and hang "extralogical" information off it. This is the kind of thing that the RuleML initiative is aimed at. This then allows us to state things about OWL classes that are not necessarily part of the ontological or intensional definition of the class, but which we want to make available to applications. If when you talk about "classifying objects", you actually mean describing individuals, then the situation is slightly different. The usual picture (from the Description Logic perspective, which has strongly influenced the web ontology language work) is that we have an ontology (or "T-Box" or "schema") that describes the classes of the domain (as above). We then have a collection of instances (or "A-box") along with information describing the properties that particular individuals have. There is a slight blurring of these worlds due to some of the constructors in OWL, but it's worth thinking about it this way. Now once we have our schema or ontology fixed, we can make assertions about objects in the world. You might think that star Beta-X-17 is a Red Dwarf. I might say it's a Green Fairy (is my lack of astronomical knowledge showing??? :-). Let us assume that these two assertions are contradictory. However this is now a disagreement about the properties of a particular *individual*, rather than a disagreement about the properties of the classes in the ontology. An analogy is that of database and schema. We may agree on the schema of our database (people have names, addresses and so on), but disagree on who lives at No.14 Acacia Avenue. This is an discrepancy at the data level (that we may want to be informed about), but does not change the fact that we agree about the general way the world fits together. So in this case, resolving the discrepancy concerning our different descriptions of Beta-X-17 is not an *ontology* issue, rather an issue about the *use* of that ontology. This problem is not exclusive to OWL -- we could easily have contradictory descriptions of Beta-X-17 using some controlled vocabulary or terminology. I guess the interesting thing here though is that the richer language allows us to spot that there really *is* a contradiction between our opinions. Indeed, allowing contradictory descriptions of individuals is key to supporting the Semantic Web -- it certainly will not be the case that all the information out there will agree! Cheers, Sean -- Sean Bechhofer seanb@cs.man.ac.uk http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~seanb > > best wishes > > Anita > > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > Dr. Anita M. S. Richards, AVO Astronomer > MERLIN/VLBI National Facility, University of Manchester, > Jodrell Bank Observatory, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK11 9DL, U.K. > tel +44 (0)1477 572683 (direct); 571321 (switchboard); 571618 (fax). From - Sun Sep 29 11:41:18 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g8SDUCax015017; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 15:30:17 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g8SDTRx06992; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 15:29:28 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAFWa4Pn; Sat, 28 Sep 02 15:29:27 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8SDBsXY006626 for ; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 06:11:54 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g8SDBsiu006624 for semantics-list; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 06:11:54 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from curlew.cs.man.ac.uk (noplay@curlew.cs.man.ac.uk [130.88.13.7]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8SDBqXY006621 for ; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 06:11:53 -0700 Received: from star1.jb.man.ac.uk ([130.88.24.176]) by curlew.cs.man.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 2.05 #6) id 17vHfD-000Lql-00 for semantics@us-vo.org; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 14:29:43 +0100 Received: from [130.88.24.148] (helo=adikia) by star1.jb.man.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.03 #2) id 17vHfC-0004xp-00 for semantics@us-vo.org; Sat, 28 Sep 2002 14:29:42 +0100 Date: Sat, 28 Sep 2002 14:29:38 +0100 (BST) From: Anita Richards X-Sender: amsr@adikia To: semantics@us-vo.org Subject: Re: Taxonomy issues In-Reply-To: <09b501c26658$4cbbda90$6b91d783@cacr.caltech.edu> Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: c9b40c4e572f56b6a656e70f5444dd8c > > A great advantage of an emergent behaviour system is that the computers do > the work, and there is no need to hire a librarian who is also an expert in > astronomy. True up to a point, but the emerging system will need an overhaul every so often. The CDS allocate UCDs automatically to new catalogues, which works very well but occasionally something inappropriate slips in and then propagates, so a periodic review by someone who is indeed both a librarian and has a wide knowledge of astronomy is going to be required. best wishes Anita - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Dr. Anita M. S. Richards, AVO Astronomer MERLIN/VLBI National Facility, University of Manchester, Jodrell Bank Observatory, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK11 9DL, U.K. tel +44 (0)1477 572683 (direct); 571321 (switchboard); 571618 (fax). From - Sun Sep 29 11:41:17 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g8RJMhNN021951; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 21:22:43 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g8RJLwE18072; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 21:21:58 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAUTaOsJ; Fri, 27 Sep 02 21:21:57 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8RJ4fXY003452 for ; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 12:04:41 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g8RJ4flk003450 for semantics-list; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 12:04:41 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from phobos.caltech.edu (phobos.caltech.edu [131.215.102.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8RJ4eXY003447 for ; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 12:04:40 -0700 Received: from ganesha.caltech.edu (ganesha [131.215.102.79]) by phobos.caltech.edu (8.12.2/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g8RJMOtp003202 for ; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 12:22:25 -0700 (PDT) Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by ganesha.caltech.edu (8.12.2/8.12.2) with ESMTP id g8RJMNkW017823 for ; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 12:22:23 -0700 (PDT) Date: Fri, 27 Sep 2002 12:22:23 -0700 (PDT) From: Ashish Mahabal X-X-Sender: aam@ganesha.caltech.edu To: semantics@us-vo.org Subject: RE: Taxonomy issues In-Reply-To: <200209271652.g8RGqMFx007743@orpheus.caltech.edu> Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 4703899df048ef08d26188ba33aac1a8 The Taxonomy issue is a perfect context to illustrate the scoping methodology that Topic Maps have (and other KO/KR manifestations have to a varying extent under different names): Taking up the examples that George provided, for each object rather than putting it in a bin, we just leave it as an object (not very helpful) but then have multiple scopes which tell us what all it has been / can be classified as under different contexts. Each such scope, for a given object, comes with a pointer that tells you where the "classification" came from and that can take you to more links whcih tell you how dubious or reliable the classification is. Thus when you search for a particular scope within objects (radio Es in the NGP region), you get all objects which have been defined with that scope (rdio Es), and in addition you get to see all the other scopes (classifications) those objects may have coming from other sources. ------------------- Decreasing positional error bars or multiple imaging (for example, under better conditions) or other reasons may revise the classifications too and the adopted system will have to have room for that. -ashish Ashish Mahabal, Caltech Astronomy, Pasadena, CA 91125 http://www.astro.caltech.edu/~aam aam@astro.caltech.edu Signatures are a waste of bandwidth. From - Sun Sep 29 11:41:17 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g8RIwiNN014688; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 20:58:44 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g8RIvxh16359; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 20:57:59 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAA9FaW8F; Fri, 27 Sep 02 20:57:59 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8RIelXY003369 for ; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 11:40:47 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g8RIelVB003367 for semantics-list; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 11:40:47 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from mailhost.cacr.caltech.edu (mailhost.cacr.caltech.edu [131.215.145.180]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8RIelXY003364 for ; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 11:40:47 -0700 Received: from SARA (sara.cacr.caltech.edu [131.215.145.107]) by mailhost.cacr.caltech.edu (8.9.3/8.9.1) with SMTP id LAA19464 for ; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 11:58:31 -0700 (PDT) Message-ID: <09b501c26658$4cbbda90$6b91d783@cacr.caltech.edu> From: "Roy Williams" To: Subject: Re: Taxonomy issues Date: Fri, 27 Sep 2002 12:01:34 -0700 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 49144d081c3b84544cad885fc1f1efb5 > When I attended the Sematic Web Workshop at Stanford last year, there > was a clear distinction between the knowlege-representation(KR), "a > priori ontology" people and the "emergent behavior" people. The KR > folks build us systems that make sense, but sometimes cannot handle > flexible or fuzzy classification schemas. The emergent behavior folks > build systems that can perhaps handle the fuzziness of the real world, > but occasionally spout nonsense. Hmmm. A great advantage of an emergent behaviour system is that the computers do the work, and there is no need to hire a librarian who is also an expert in astronomy. -------- Caltech Center for Advanced Computing Research roy@cacr.caltech.edu 626 395 3670 From - Sun Sep 29 11:41:17 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g8RIb4NN012731; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 20:37:05 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g8RIaKb15655; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 20:36:20 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAARmaWKE; Fri, 27 Sep 02 20:36:19 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8RIJ6XY003289 for ; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 11:19:06 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g8RIJ6Pm003287 for semantics-list; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 11:19:06 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from zia.aoc.NRAO.EDU (zia.aoc.nrao.edu [146.88.1.4]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8RIJ6XY003284 for ; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 11:19:06 -0700 Received: from godot.sdc.org (godot [146.88.10.211]) by zia.aoc.NRAO.EDU (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id MAA03184 for ; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 12:36:48 -0600 (MDT) Date: Fri, 27 Sep 2002 12:36:31 -0600 From: Boyd Waters To: semantics@us-vo.org Subject: Re: Taxonomy issues Message-Id: <20020927123631.45fdbf54.bwaters+sylph@aoc.nrao.edu> In-Reply-To: <011c01c2662c$0c70fa00$b524d28f@bunyip> References: <011c01c2662c$0c70fa00$b524d28f@bunyip> Reply-To: sematics@us-vo.org Organization: NRAO X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.2 (GTK+ 1.2.10; i686-pc-linux-gnu) Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: d2ed54eed746dc42595f7bc221a83e11 On Fri, 27 Sep 2002 14:44:49 +0100 "Tony Linde" wrote: > Is it possible using DAML+OIL or equivalents to classify the same object > as two apparently contradictory things? I assume not. But both authors > must be allowed to classify an object as different things. So how is > this issue resolved? Taxonomy hierarchies are trees -- directed, acyclic graphs -- but in general, classification schemes need not be. I believe it is possible to construct ontologies that are not trees, in order to handle the classification conundrum that you mention. I have been playing with a classification scheme in which one simply assigns classification tags (call them "classes") to entities. Initially, there is no class hierarchy; you must explicitly call out all the classes to which an entity belongs, rather than assume that attribution of a particular class implies attribution of other classes (as would be the case in some implicit class hierarchy). A collection of these explictly-classified entities -- call it a training set -- can be used to construct a graph that represents the correlations between classes. This correlation graph can be fed back into the entity set to "fill in" implicit classifications for those entities for which such class tags are missing; the system suggests classes for these entites. Such classifcations may be formally accepted or denied, which provides more information to the graph contructor. Pretty soon, you have an emergent classification scheme that is quite useful: you reach a point where you don't have to call out all of the explicit classifications. Consider two search engines, Google and Yahoo. Yahoo started out as a hierarchy of web pages: you traverse the tree to find web sites of interest, and at each node is a number of web sites that had the same classification. Google makes no attempt to classify pages, but rather assumes that pages connected via a hyperlink are related somehow; Google constructs a correlation graph for the web. For a constrained knowlege domain -- e.g., "Astronomy" -- an a priori ontology certainly exists, and needs to be used to verify the validity of the correlation graph -- the emergent ontology. (When you type in a search phrase for Google, you often get lots of unrelated items. It is usually a mistake to assign any scientific significance to these "outliers".) Currently, my graph constructor simply solves for correlation. But it should be possible to solve more-sophisticated constraints; I could have a set of production rules that modify the correlation strengths. One could provide an explicit (a priori) ontology to the system by means of such rules. But I suspect that it would be better to simply seed the system with a training set that expressed the a priori ontology. When I attended the Sematic Web Workshop at Stanford last year, there was a clear distinction between the knowlege-representation(KR), "a priori ontology" people and the "emergent behavior" people. The KR folks build us systems that make sense, but sometimes cannot handle flexible or fuzzy classification schemas. The emergent behavior folks build systems that can perhaps handle the fuzziness of the real world, but occasionally spout nonsense. Hmmm. I suppose I'm an "emergent behavior" person. I have played with these things for years; I once (briefly!) worked for a shiny new Internet start-up company that tried to deliver a web search system very similiar to the classification scheme I describe here: Collaborative Filtering. The system worked remarkably well. (And never made it to product stage...) -- boyd Boyd Waters National Radio Astronomy Observatory PO BOX 0 Socorro NM 87801 http://www.nrao.edu/~bwaters From - Sun Sep 29 11:41:17 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g8RGqiNN001331; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 18:52:44 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g8RGpxb11910; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 18:51:59 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAA5TaGqx; Fri, 27 Sep 02 18:51:58 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8RGYgXY003021 for ; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 09:34:42 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g8RGYgLm003019 for semantics-list; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 09:34:42 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from phobos.caltech.edu (phobos.caltech.edu [131.215.102.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8RGYfXY003016 for ; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 09:34:41 -0700 Received: from orpheus.caltech.edu (orpheus [131.215.103.57]) by phobos.caltech.edu (8.12.2/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g8RGqMtp003917; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 09:52:22 -0700 (PDT) Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by orpheus.caltech.edu (8.12.2/8.12.2) with SMTP id g8RGqMFx007743; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 09:52:22 -0700 (PDT) Message-Id: <200209271652.g8RGqMFx007743@orpheus.caltech.edu> Date: Fri, 27 Sep 2002 09:52:22 -0700 (PDT) From: "S. G. Djorgovski" Reply-To: "S. G. Djorgovski" Subject: RE: Taxonomy issues To: semantics@us-vo.org, tol@star.le.ac.uk MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-MD5: 29qijxIFvXkryPXF42XZdg== X-Mailer: dtmail 1.3.0 @(#)CDE Version 1.4.2 SunOS 5.8 sun4u sparc Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 0c36e57bb1720910793b0c694301efb9 OK, I have to weigh in on this. Astronomical classifications are very different from those in biology, say. We use the word "classification" in several different meanings. It is important to distinguish between: - Physically distinct classes which derive from the basic measurements, e.g., a radio source, an E galaxy, an IRAS 60um source, a QSO host ..., where obviously multiple classes can and should be assigned; they are all correct. - Really physical classes, e.g., QSO, normal galaxy, MS star, GRB, planet ... They can manifest as different measurement-based classes, e.g., a QSO may or may not be radio-loud, and a radio source may or may not be QSO. - Measurement-based classifications where there are boundary cases, e.g., star/galaxy classif., where you can have what in the old FOCAS is called "stars with a fuzz"; this can be parametrized in some way (probability of classification, PSF-ness...) This is actually a subset of: - Classes assigned statistically and objectively by some clustering algorithm operating in some parameter space (a very much VO-type study), which then have to be interpreted physically. - Conventionally or subjectivelly assigned classes, such as the Hubble types, which can easily differ by a class or two between different human classifiers, different algorithms, wavelength, seeing, ... and which bear some, but not a perfect correlation to something physically meaningful. There are several complications: - An object morphologically classified as a "star" (= PSF-like) could physically be really a star, or a QSO, or a slow-moving asteroid in a short exposure, or an optical transient of some sort, etc. There may be an equivalent situation with the clustering analysis more generally. In other words, operationally and objectively defined classes can contain multiple physical classes of objects (and v.v.), and for some sources this may be known or suspected, and in some cases not. - Blended sources of different classes (in any of the senses listed above), where a dual class is suggested by the data. - Of course, measurement errors can move source in and out of the classes in any one of these senses of classification. As a practising astronomer, I would like to have a complete picture without someone's particular value judgement imposed. So, if I search by position or indeed any non-class parameter, I'd like to know about ALL classifications assigned to every source, with some suitable tracers as to where did they come from. If I search by class (e.g., give me all radio-loud E's in this part of the sky), then I also want to have all sources for which there is at least one such classificastion, but I also want to know about other classes that might have been assigned for any one of them. So, I would say that any technical solutions need to be liberal enough to allow for this diversity, and then provide down-filtering tools. Now, the really interesting issue in my mind is the danger of missing something new by forcibly shoving every source in some pre-existing classification bin or a set thereof. It is crucial to avoid this, and to design tools which would isolate "anomalous" sources, while not delivering TB's of garbage along with them. Discovery of new types of sources and phenomena is likely to be one of the key types of VO-based astronomy, so the information infrastructure should be designed to facilitate this. Should we introduce a classification or ontology or whatever of sources "(possibly/probably/certainly) anomalous" ? And how does that get done? Now, there is a problem worthy of this community... Sorry for the ramble, but I had to get it off my chest. George Djorgovski From - Sun Sep 29 11:41:17 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g8RG8CNN026806; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 18:08:12 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g8RG7SN10140; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 18:07:28 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAApCayZt; Fri, 27 Sep 02 18:07:27 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8RFoFXY002891 for ; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 08:50:15 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g8RFoFKk002889 for semantics-list; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 08:50:15 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from artemis.le.ac.uk (artemis.le.ac.uk [143.210.16.126]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8RFoEXY002886 for ; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 08:50:14 -0700 Received: from mail.star.le.ac.uk ([143.210.36.58] helo=happy.star.le.ac.uk) by artemis.le.ac.uk with smtp (Exim 3.16 #1) id 17uxem-0000XG-00 for semantics@us-vo.org; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 17:07:56 +0100 Received: (qmail 15545 invoked from network); 27 Sep 2002 16:08:20 -0000 Received: from bunyip.star.le.ac.uk (HELO bunyip) (143.210.36.181) by print.star.le.ac.uk with SMTP; 27 Sep 2002 16:08:20 -0000 Reply-To: From: "Tony Linde" To: Subject: RE: Taxonomy issues Date: Fri, 27 Sep 2002 17:07:56 +0100 Organization: University of Leicester Message-ID: <000001c26640$0a9dd090$b524d28f@bunyip> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.3416 In-Reply-To: X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Importance: Normal Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 51ea898b2b326a7e3db4ae226c7d380e Thanks, Anita. > So we will have to allow an object to be multiply classified. No problem with that if the classifications are not mutually exclusive, ie you are simply locating the object along multiple, orthogonal axes. > There are a few classifications which one might naively want > to make exclusive e.g. elliptical or spiral, Seyfert 1 or > Seyfert 2 (or more complex sub-groups). The problem could be where an object sits on the boundary between two classes. One observer may classify it one way and another the other way, simply because their analyses of the data are based on two different but equally respectable techniques. > Do you think it would work to have a 'security of > classification flag'? Should be possible, but we would have to discard any idea of mutually exclusive classes from the ontology which could make checking new classifications rather a waste of time. I wonder how the bioinformaticians handle this? > Or do the search at the time of query - for each object found > classified as an elliptical, check it is not also classified > as a spiral. But allow user to specify whether such objects are or are not used. Yes. Cheers, Tony. > -----Original Message----- > From: owner-semantics@us-vo.org > [mailto:owner-semantics@us-vo.org] On Behalf Of Anita Richards > Sent: 27 September 2002 16:39 ... > Is a matter of how we restrict the classification classes > within an ontology? There are some multiple definitions which > are not due to disagreements anyway, and there is also the > important point which older astronomers tend to be more > careful about, which is that we don't really know what > anything is anyway (outside the solar system places where > probes have been), so really everything should be 'has the > appearance of'/'behaves like' or ' is in the direction of' > rather than 'is a' or 'is at' > but most of us are more definate just because it is shorter.... > > but for example, a galaxy can have multiple names (NGC 6xxx = > Markarian 348 = ...), it can a starburst galaxy and a ULIRG > (ultra-luminous IR > galaxy) and a megamaser galaxy (producing bright line > emission) and a Seyfert 1 and a spiral.... > > So we will have to allow an object to be multiply classified. > > There are a few classifications which one might naively want > to make exclusive e.g. elliptical or spiral, Seyfert 1 or > Seyfert 2 (or more complex sub-groups). However the problem > you raise suggests this would be a bad idea unless there is a > very good reason for doing so. And I think we can have > multiple descriptions? e.g. a car can be both 'red' and > 'sports' in the example the Manchester Computing people showed us. > > The trickier question is how we respond to queries, e.g. > suppose one catalogue classifies Gridlock A (the brightest > radio source in a new constellation named after AstroGrid) as > an elliptical, another classifies it as a spiral and the > automatic classification routine which we run on Sky Survey > plates says it is an irregular. > > If someone says 'what is Gridlock A' we can give them all 3 (or more > definitions) with references. > > But if someone says 'give me all the ellipticals in Gridlock > A' what do we do? (actually, this is the sort of thing which > someone raised at TIVO, if you look for outliers, for every > one interesting and unique object you may get 10 or 100 > misclassifications/measurement errors..) > > Do you think it would work to have a 'security of > classification flag'? This would have to involve some sort of > check-list of contradictory classifications - a 'contrdiction > exists' property? > > This could work two ways: > When a catalogue is contributed, check objects with these > classifications against existing entries and flag those with > contradictions. Of course, this does not mean that an > uncontradicted classification is correct... > > Or do the search at the time of query - for each object found > classified as an elliptical, check it is not also classified > as a spiral. > > Either way initially the VO could just give a contradiction > flag and a reference. Eventually we could in some cases give > an estimate of reliability based on e.g. catalogue > resolution, sensitivity, age, or even some VO panel of > experts for very large or significant catalogues (in the > way that at present we would have a heirachy of position > accuracy catalogues, starting with Hiparchos and finishing > with the Almagest (or maybe gamma ray catalogues...). > > (For stars it is worse, as they should not be e.g. both > spectral type A and G at the same time, and if they are that > implies either a mistake or a binary. But in the case of > measurements taken many years apart it could mean it has > evolved. Galaxies don't evolve that fast (but they could > have companions within the field of view I suppose...). > > cheers > a > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > Dr. Anita M. S. Richards, AVO Astronomer > MERLIN/VLBI National Facility, University of Manchester, > Jodrell Bank Observatory, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK11 9DL, > U.K. > tel +44 (0)1477 572683 (direct); 571321 (switchboard); 571618 (fax). > > > > From - Sun Sep 29 11:41:17 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g8RFdiNN023124; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 17:39:44 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g8RFcxl08896; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 17:38:59 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAA_za4xr; Fri, 27 Sep 02 17:38:59 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8RFLlXY002790 for ; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 08:21:47 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g8RFLlv0002788 for semantics-list; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 08:21:47 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from curlew.cs.man.ac.uk (noplay@curlew.cs.man.ac.uk [130.88.13.7]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8RFLjXY002785 for ; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 08:21:46 -0700 Received: from star1.jb.man.ac.uk ([130.88.24.176]) by curlew.cs.man.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 2.05 #6) id 17uxD8-000GpF-00 for semantics@us-vo.org; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 16:39:22 +0100 Received: from [130.88.24.148] (helo=adikia) by star1.jb.man.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.03 #2) id 17uxD7-0003ha-00 for semantics@us-vo.org; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 16:39:21 +0100 Date: Fri, 27 Sep 2002 16:39:17 +0100 (BST) From: Anita Richards X-Sender: amsr@adikia To: semantics@us-vo.org Subject: Re: Taxonomy issues In-Reply-To: <011c01c2662c$0c70fa00$b524d28f@bunyip> Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: bc8e7d656d2e82d804a75ef1cf238bf3 On Fri, 27 Sep 2002, Tony Linde wrote: > A letter in Nature today (Vol 419, 26 Sept, p 337) raises the concern > that creating a 'taxonomy portal' (taxonomy in the sense of species > classification) could lead to the imposition of a standard view .... > Is it possible using DAML+OIL or equivalents to classify the same object > as two apparently contradictory things? I assume not. But both authors > must be allowed to classify an object as different things.... Is a matter of how we restrict the classification classes within an ontology? There are some multiple definitions which are not due to disagreements anyway, and there is also the important point which older astronomers tend to be more careful about, which is that we don't really know what anything is anyway (outside the solar system places where probes have been), so really everything should be 'has the appearance of'/'behaves like' or ' is in the direction of' rather than 'is a' or 'is at' but most of us are more definate just because it is shorter.... but for example, a galaxy can have multiple names (NGC 6xxx = Markarian 348 = ...), it can a starburst galaxy and a ULIRG (ultra-luminous IR galaxy) and a megamaser galaxy (producing bright line emission) and a Seyfert 1 and a spiral.... So we will have to allow an object to be multiply classified. There are a few classifications which one might naively want to make exclusive e.g. elliptical or spiral, Seyfert 1 or Seyfert 2 (or more complex sub-groups). However the problem you raise suggests this would be a bad idea unless there is a very good reason for doing so. And I think we can have multiple descriptions? e.g. a car can be both 'red' and 'sports' in the example the Manchester Computing people showed us. The trickier question is how we respond to queries, e.g. suppose one catalogue classifies Gridlock A (the brightest radio source in a new constellation named after AstroGrid) as an elliptical, another classifies it as a spiral and the automatic classification routine which we run on Sky Survey plates says it is an irregular. If someone says 'what is Gridlock A' we can give them all 3 (or more definitions) with references. But if someone says 'give me all the ellipticals in Gridlock A' what do we do? (actually, this is the sort of thing which someone raised at TIVO, if you look for outliers, for every one interesting and unique object you may get 10 or 100 misclassifications/measurement errors..) Do you think it would work to have a 'security of classification flag'? This would have to involve some sort of check-list of contradictory classifications - a 'contrdiction exists' property? This could work two ways: When a catalogue is contributed, check objects with these classifications against existing entries and flag those with contradictions. Of course, this does not mean that an uncontradicted classification is correct... Or do the search at the time of query - for each object found classified as an elliptical, check it is not also classified as a spiral. Either way initially the VO could just give a contradiction flag and a reference. Eventually we could in some cases give an estimate of reliability based on e.g. catalogue resolution, sensitivity, age, or even some VO panel of experts for very large or significant catalogues (in the way that at present we would have a heirachy of position accuracy catalogues, starting with Hiparchos and finishing with the Almagest (or maybe gamma ray catalogues...). (For stars it is worse, as they should not be e.g. both spectral type A and G at the same time, and if they are that implies either a mistake or a binary. But in the case of measurements taken many years apart it could mean it has evolved. Galaxies don't evolve that fast (but they could have companions within the field of view I suppose...). cheers a - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Dr. Anita M. S. Richards, AVO Astronomer MERLIN/VLBI National Facility, University of Manchester, Jodrell Bank Observatory, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK11 9DL, U.K. tel +44 (0)1477 572683 (direct); 571321 (switchboard); 571618 (fax). From - Tue Sep 24 08:20:21 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g8O0lHdK000955 for ; Tue, 24 Sep 2002 02:47:17 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g8O0kWj02260 for ; Tue, 24 Sep 2002 02:46:32 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAy_ayAe; Tue, 24 Sep 02 02:46:31 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8O0TrXY019137 for ; Mon, 23 Sep 2002 17:29:53 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g8O0Trck019135 for semantics-list; Mon, 23 Sep 2002 17:29:53 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from mailhost.cacr.caltech.edu (mailhost.cacr.caltech.edu [131.215.145.180]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8O0TqXY019119; Mon, 23 Sep 2002 17:29:52 -0700 Received: from SARA (sara.cacr.caltech.edu [131.215.145.107]) by mailhost.cacr.caltech.edu (8.9.3/8.9.1) with SMTP id RAA19821; Mon, 23 Sep 2002 17:46:59 -0700 (PDT) Message-ID: <055e01c26364$4ef58d70$6b91d783@cacr.caltech.edu> From: "Roy Williams" To: Cc: , Subject: Welcome to VO semantics Date: Mon, 23 Sep 2002 17:49:59 -0700 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 92a62d22b469c342fd9d31daf6438032 Following a meeting last week of the IVOA (International Virtual Observatories Alliance), it was decided to set up a working group on how Virtual Observatories can use "knowledge engineering", how they can become part of the "semantic web". Subjects include semantics (and what that means), ontologies (and what that means), XML representations of knowledge, descriptive logic and DAML/OIL, Topic Maps, RDF, resource registries. (What else?) I have tried to think of who would be interested in this topic (see below), but do not be bound by my narrow view: registration is open, send mail to majordomo@us-vo.org with message "subscribe semantics". (If you do not want to be part of this list, write to majordomo with "unsubscribe semantics".) Please subscribe, encourage colleagues to subscribe, or forward this message to your own mailing list. This discussion list is archived at http://archives.us-vo.org/semantics/ I have taken the liberty of resending some points of view from my mail spool to the archive already, so please take a look to see some opinions that are already there (Mahabal, Ludasher, Plante, Linde, myself). Please come forth with your opinions and experience. We would like our Virtual Observatory projects to be at the forefront of the Semantic Web. Right? Thank You Roy Williams ----------------------- (*) currently subscribed: Sebastien Derriere, FR Markus Dolensky, DE Francoise Genova, FR Carole Goble, UK Tony Linde, UK Bertram Ludascher, US Ashish Mahabal, US Reagan Moore, US Ray Plante, US Anita Richards, UK Boyd Waters, US Roy Williams, US -------- Caltech Center for Advanced Computing Research roy@cacr.caltech.edu 626 395 3670 From - Thu Sep 26 08:38:57 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g8PMutX1010658; Thu, 26 Sep 2002 00:57:00 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g8PMu9e11706; Thu, 26 Sep 2002 00:56:09 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAA5Tai3w; Thu, 26 Sep 02 00:56:09 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8PMd8XY028402 for ; Wed, 25 Sep 2002 15:39:08 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g8PMd8Yj028400 for semantics-list; Wed, 25 Sep 2002 15:39:08 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from mta03-svc.ntlworld.com (mta03-svc.ntlworld.com [62.253.162.43]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8PMcvXY028397 for ; Wed, 25 Sep 2002 15:39:07 -0700 Received: from studybox ([80.4.36.35]) by mta03-svc.ntlworld.com (InterMail vM.4.01.03.27 201-229-121-127-20010626) with ESMTP id <20020925225606.OOCL27185.mta03-svc.ntlworld.com@studybox>; Wed, 25 Sep 2002 23:56:06 +0100 From: "Tony Linde" To: Subject: Ontology-based querying Date: Wed, 25 Sep 2002 23:56:06 +0100 Message-ID: <007e01c264e6$bb1bc450$0b01a8c0@studybox> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.4024 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Importance: Normal X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu id g8PMd7XY028398 Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu id g8PMd8XY028402 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by web3.hq.eso.org id g8PMutX1010658 Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 4787c6e929b502a666b37278afff06cd I've posted a short page of musings (late night stuff so fairly rambling) about how an ontological approach to querying might lead to more intelligent assistance in formulating queries against new datasets. Could some of the ontology experts here cast an eye over it and tell me if it is drivel, wishful thinking or can already be done by naďve computer science undergrads. Basically, I've asked if it is possible to encode the metadata about various selection criteria in such a way that the inference engine might be told the desired metadata of a catalog (eg that it contains a list of brown dwarfs) and could then deduce the correct selection criteria and datasets to apply them to. I'm looking to find a practical use (or future use) of the ontological approach that will engage astronomers. Cheers, Tony. __ Tony Linde Phone: +44 (0)116 223 1292 AstroGrid Project Manager Fax: +44 (0)116 252 3311 Dept of Physics & Astronomy Mobile: +44 (0)7753 603356 University of Leicester Email: tol@star.le.ac.uk Leicester, UK LE1 7RH Web: http://www.astrogrid.org From - Thu Sep 26 08:38:57 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g8PMvkX1010703; Thu, 26 Sep 2002 00:57:46 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g8PMv1L11721; Thu, 26 Sep 2002 00:57:01 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAbCaa5w; Thu, 26 Sep 02 00:57:01 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8PMe8XY028431 for ; Wed, 25 Sep 2002 15:40:08 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g8PMe8Nk028429 for semantics-list; Wed, 25 Sep 2002 15:40:08 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from mta03-svc.ntlworld.com (mta03-svc.ntlworld.com [62.253.162.43]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8PMe6XY028426 for ; Wed, 25 Sep 2002 15:40:07 -0700 Received: from studybox ([80.4.36.35]) by mta03-svc.ntlworld.com (InterMail vM.4.01.03.27 201-229-121-127-20010626) with ESMTP id <20020925225732.OPAP27185.mta03-svc.ntlworld.com@studybox>; Wed, 25 Sep 2002 23:57:32 +0100 From: "Tony Linde" To: Subject: Ontology-based querying Date: Wed, 25 Sep 2002 23:57:32 +0100 Message-ID: <007f01c264e6$ee60c450$0b01a8c0@studybox> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.4024 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Importance: Normal X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu id g8PMe7XY028427 Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu id g8PMe8XY028431 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by web3.hq.eso.org id g8PMvkX1010703 Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 7dff0f1f89c714b5660a6f6d6b77f925 I've posted a short page of musings (late night stuff so fairly rambling) about how an ontological approach to querying might lead to more intelligent assistance in formulating queries against new datasets. Could some of the ontology experts here cast an eye over it and tell me if it is drivel, wishful thinking or can already be done by naďve computer science undergrads. Basically, I've asked if it is possible to encode the metadata about various selection criteria in such a way that the inference engine might be told the desired metadata of a catalog (eg that it contains a list of brown dwarfs) and could then deduce the correct selection criteria and datasets to apply them to. I'm looking to find a practical use (or future use) of the ontological approach that will engage astronomers. Link to page: http://wiki.astrogrid.org/bin/view/Astrogrid/OntologyBasedSelection Cheers, Tony. __ Tony Linde Phone: +44 (0)116 223 1292 AstroGrid Project Manager Fax: +44 (0)116 252 3311 Dept of Physics & Astronomy Mobile: +44 (0)7753 603356 University of Leicester Email: tol@star.le.ac.uk Leicester, UK LE1 7RH Web: http://www.astrogrid.org From - Sun Oct 20 19:22:33 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g9GH2i6X016937; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 19:02:44 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g9GH2hM00972; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 19:02:43 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAARra44b; Wed, 16 Oct 02 19:02:43 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g9GGfTXY012503 for ; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 09:41:29 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g9GGfTSn012501 for semantics-list; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 09:41:29 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from m1.cs.man.ac.uk (m1.cs.man.ac.uk [130.88.192.2]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g9GGfRXY012498 for ; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 09:41:28 -0700 Received: from mailhost by m1.cs.man.ac.uk (8.8.8/AL/MJK-2.0) id RAA21397; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 17:14:29 +0100 (BST) Received: from potato ([130.88.196.149]) by mailhost with esmtp (Exim 3.36 #1) id 181qoU-0000Cx-00; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 17:14:26 +0100 Date: Wed, 16 Oct 2002 17:16:37 +0100 (GMT Daylight Time) From: Sean Bechhofer To: Ashish Mahabal cc: Tony Linde , Subject: Re: Ontology-based queries In-Reply-To: Message-ID: X-X-Sender: seanb@mailhost.cs.man.ac.uk MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: c1d463b092cc2cccec04ebe43012ad9a On Tue, 15 Oct 2002, Ashish Mahabal wrote: > > Tony wrote: > > >On the other hand, if we modify the above query to be: > > > Object is-of-type SNR > > AND Source registers-in-wavelength X-Ray > > AND Object is-within (1 arcmin) of-region (05 25 00 -69 38) > > >I think we hit difficulties. I cannot see how an ontology-based query > >like this could work. OWL will include support for (unary) datatypes, so this kind of expression/query can be represented. > The above query is likely to be expanded out to: > > Object is-of-type SNR > AND Source registers-in-wavelength X-Ray > AND Object has-RA > x.y > AND Object has-RA < z.w > AND Object has-DEC > a.b > AND Object has-DEC < c.d > > But then, as you imply, the question of a subclass versus individual > objects would arise and the query may have to be split into two sections: > apples and oranges. Do just the first part first using an ontology: There's no reason why an OWL query engine would not be able to answer queries like this. As Ashish points out, the query is likely to be answered through a division of labour between the ontological part and the datatype part. OWL makes a clear separation between datatype and object properties, and there are proposed architectures for reasoners (see [1]) that will support precisely this kind of query. > Object is-of-type SNR > AND Source registers-in-wavelength X-Ray > > and then on the resulting set do the SQL like query > > select * where Object has-RA > x.y > AND Object has-RA < z.w > AND Object has-DEC > a.b > AND Object has-DEC < c.d > > However, if we can store the classes (SNR, X-ray) with an object along > with its attributes (RA, Dec), we could do the two in one fell swoop. > > Whatever way is chosen, an important point to remember will be that the > query should magically rearrange itself so that the first clause is likely > to return the smallest number. Otherwise if we go through a large number > of objects only to throw away most of them at a later point, its a waste > of resources. But perhaps this point will come up much later. Of course, query optimisation is essential. I would hope that this would be part of the reasoner's responsibility, so a client application would not have to worry about this (much as is the case with standard query engines). Sean [1] http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~panz/Zhilin/download/Paper/Pan-Horrocks-datatype-2002.pdf -- Sean Bechhofer seanb@cs.man.ac.uk http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~seanb From - Sun Oct 20 19:22:33 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g9GHHe6X018630; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 19:17:40 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g9GHHdW01806; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 19:17:39 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAi7aOHd; Wed, 16 Oct 02 19:17:38 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g9GGuVXY012541 for ; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 09:56:31 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g9GGuVlW012539 for semantics-list; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 09:56:31 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from phobos.caltech.edu (phobos.caltech.edu [131.215.102.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g9GGuVXY012536 for ; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 09:56:31 -0700 Received: from ganesha.caltech.edu (ganesha [131.215.102.79]) by phobos.caltech.edu (8.12.2/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g9GHHLtt010935 for ; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 10:17:22 -0700 (PDT) Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by ganesha.caltech.edu (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g9GHHLgc004291 for ; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 10:17:21 -0700 (PDT) Date: Wed, 16 Oct 2002 10:17:21 -0700 (PDT) From: Ashish Mahabal X-X-Sender: aam@ganesha.caltech.edu To: semantics@us-vo.org Subject: Re: Ontology-based queries In-Reply-To: Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: d285dd5fd750d43f12610704f036c7fa Hi Sean, >> Whatever way is chosen, an important point to remember will be that the >> query should magically rearrange itself so that the first clause is >>likely >> to return the smallest number. Otherwise if we go through a large >>number >> of objects only to throw away most of them at a later point, its a >>waste >> of resources. But perhaps this point will come up much later. > Of course, query optimisation is essential. I would hope that this would > be part of the reasoner's responsibility, so a client application would > not have to worry about this (much as is the case with standard query > engines). However, and this is putting more onus on the tools, if someone makes a dumb query, we will not want the resources of everybody else who also query the same computing pool to be tied up. In case of a stand-alone system it may not matter much, the person will just have to wait. But here others may have to wait unnecessarily too. A simple mechanism, at least for some "standard" query parameters could be to store their sizes and implement the query so that smaller numbers come first. It will go wrong sometimes, but if designed right, will save time for all in most instances. Do any of the current, or under development, tools have anything like this? -ashish Ashish Mahabal, Caltech Astronomy, Pasadena, CA 91125 http://www.astro.caltech.edu/~aam aam@astro.caltech.edu RAM DISK is not an installation procedure! From - Sun Oct 20 19:22:33 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g9GGMU6X011715; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 18:22:31 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g9GGMUL28795; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 18:22:30 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAf7aqp4; Wed, 16 Oct 02 18:22:29 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g9GG1IXY012393 for ; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 09:01:18 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g9GG1I39012391 for semantics-list; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 09:01:18 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from apollo.le.ac.uk (mailsend.le.ac.uk [143.210.16.125]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g9GG1HXY012388 for ; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 09:01:17 -0700 Received: from mail.star.le.ac.uk ([143.210.36.58]) by apollo.le.ac.uk with smtp (Exim 3.16 #1) id 181qvw-0003je-00 for semantics@us-vo.org; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 17:22:08 +0100 Received: (qmail 17234 invoked from network); 16 Oct 2002 16:22:31 -0000 Received: from bunyip.star.le.ac.uk (HELO bunyip) (143.210.36.181) by mail.star.le.ac.uk with SMTP; 16 Oct 2002 16:22:31 -0000 Reply-To: From: "Tony Linde" To: Subject: RE: Ontology-based queries Date: Wed, 16 Oct 2002 17:22:07 +0100 Organization: University of Leicester Message-ID: <032601c27530$2bb57ef0$b524d28f@bunyip> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.3416 Importance: Normal X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 In-Reply-To: Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 616883be8fef6f85b24b90b504f76642 OWL sounds good - when are we likely to see the first editors/reasoners? > http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~panz/Zhilin/download/Paper/Pan-Horrocks-datatyp e-2002.pdf Strewth! And I thought astronomy papers were difficult to read :) Cheers, Tony. > -----Original Message----- > From: Sean Bechhofer [mailto:seanb@cs.man.ac.uk] > Sent: 16 October 2002 17:17 > To: Ashish Mahabal > Cc: Tony Linde; semantics@us-vo.org > Subject: Re: Ontology-based queries > > > On Tue, 15 Oct 2002, Ashish Mahabal wrote: > > > > > Tony wrote: > > > > >On the other hand, if we modify the above query to be: > > > > > Object is-of-type SNR > > > AND Source registers-in-wavelength X-Ray > > > AND Object is-within (1 arcmin) of-region (05 25 00 -69 38) > > > > >I think we hit difficulties. I cannot see how an > ontology-based query > > >like this could work. > > OWL will include support for (unary) datatypes, so this kind > of expression/query can be represented. > > > The above query is likely to be expanded out to: > > > > Object is-of-type SNR > > AND Source registers-in-wavelength X-Ray > > AND Object has-RA > x.y > > AND Object has-RA < z.w > > AND Object has-DEC > a.b > > AND Object has-DEC < c.d > > > > But then, as you imply, the question of a subclass versus > individual > > objects would arise and the query may have to be split into two > > sections: apples and oranges. Do just the first part first using an > > ontology: > > There's no reason why an OWL query engine would not be able > to answer queries like this. As Ashish points out, the query > is likely to be answered through a division of labour between > the ontological part and the datatype part. OWL makes a clear > separation between datatype and object properties, and there > are proposed architectures for reasoners (see [1]) that will > support precisely this kind of query. > > > Object is-of-type SNR > > AND Source registers-in-wavelength X-Ray > > > > and then on the resulting set do the SQL like query > > > > select * where Object has-RA > x.y > > AND Object has-RA < z.w > > AND Object has-DEC > a.b > > AND Object has-DEC < c.d > > > > However, if we can store the classes (SNR, X-ray) with an > object along > > with its attributes (RA, Dec), we could do the two in one > fell swoop. > > > > Whatever way is chosen, an important point to remember will be that > > the query should magically rearrange itself so that the > first clause > > is likely to return the smallest number. Otherwise if we go > through a > > large number of objects only to throw away most of them at a later > > point, its a waste of resources. But perhaps this point > will come up > > much later. > > Of course, query optimisation is essential. I would hope that > this would be part of the reasoner's responsibility, so a > client application would not have to worry about this (much > as is the case with standard query engines). > > Sean > > [1] > http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~panz/Zhilin/download/Paper/Pan-Horroc ks-datatype-2002.pdf -- Sean Bechhofer seanb@cs.man.ac.uk http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~seanb From - Sun Oct 20 19:22:32 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g9GB686X021298; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 13:06:08 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g9GB67K11930; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 13:06:07 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAhFaitx; Wed, 16 Oct 02 13:06:06 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g9GAiYXY011206 for ; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 03:44:34 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g9GAiYsT011204 for semantics-list; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 03:44:34 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from artemis.le.ac.uk (ntp2c.le.ac.uk [143.210.16.126]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g9GAiWXY011201 for ; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 03:44:33 -0700 Received: from mail.star.le.ac.uk ([143.210.36.58]) by artemis.le.ac.uk with smtp (Exim 3.16 #1) id 181lzH-0007Wq-00 for semantics@us-vo.org; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 12:05:15 +0100 Received: (qmail 1060 invoked from network); 16 Oct 2002 11:05:33 -0000 Received: from bunyip.star.le.ac.uk (HELO bunyip) (143.210.36.181) by mail.star.le.ac.uk with SMTP; 16 Oct 2002 11:05:33 -0000 Reply-To: From: "Tony Linde" To: Subject: UCDs, metadata and AstroOntology Date: Wed, 16 Oct 2002 12:05:09 +0100 Organization: University of Leicester Message-ID: <001301c27503$e4464f80$b524d28f@bunyip> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.3416 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Importance: Normal Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 40adcd90c9f858b2c198071da6968177 There have been a few papers on the AstroGrid wiki recently arguing for some changes to the structure and composition of UCDs. This was discussed at an AVO Interoperability meeting in Strasbourg where the ideas were well received. ( For the non-astronomers, UCDs are Unified Column Descriptors, used by CDS to 'rename' columns in astronomical tables to a standard naming scheme - check out: http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/UCD/ ) Guy Rixon first argued for splitting the UCDs into 'atoms': http://wiki.astrogrid.org/bin/view/Astrogrid/RefactoringUCDs followed by a suggestion of some atom names: http://wiki.astrogrid.org/bin/view/Astrogrid/UCDAtomsPreliminaryList and Anita Richards followed suit with a slightly alternative approach to the naming of atoms: http://wiki.astrogrid.org/bin/view/Astrogrid/WhatAreUCDsFor Not to be left out, I've jumped in with: http://wiki.astrogrid.org/bin/view/Astrogrid/AreUCDsMetadata arguing that some of these atomic combinations are embedding metadata into the column names when it should be kept separate and distinct. The reason for raising this here is that I could see the atomising of UCDs, if CDS decide to adopt this approach, being a useful first step towards creating an AstroOntology (not that I am in any way suggesting that the argument *for* an AstroOntology is settled). What do people think? Should UCD names for specific columns contain everything to make them unique across all of astronomy or only within a table? Will refactoring of the UCDs into atoms help in creating a final AstroOntology? For the non-astronomers reading this list, please contribute. Have you come across similar problems in other fields? How were they solved? Should column names reflect the full meaning of a column or only its meaning within the context of the table in which it occurs? What are the pros and cons? Cheers, Tony. __ Tony Linde Phone: +44 (0)116 223 1292 AstroGrid Project Manager Fax: +44 (0)116 252 3311 Dept of Physics & Astronomy Mobile: +44 (0)7753 603356 University of Leicester Email: tol@star.le.ac.uk Leicester, UK LE1 7RH Web: http://www.astrogrid.org From - Sun Oct 20 19:22:33 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g9GG666X009349; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 18:06:06 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g9GG66a27929; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 18:06:06 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAqRaaJ2; Wed, 16 Oct 02 18:06:05 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g9GFiqXY012247 for ; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 08:44:52 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g9GFiqAX012245 for semantics-list; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 08:44:52 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from purple.csi.cam.ac.uk (purple.csi.cam.ac.uk [131.111.8.4]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g9GFipXY012242 for ; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 08:44:51 -0700 Received: from cass41.ast.cam.ac.uk ([131.111.69.186]) by purple.csi.cam.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 4.10) id 181qg1-0001wj-00; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 17:05:41 +0100 Received: from cass111.ast.cam.ac.uk (cass111 [131.111.69.118]) by cass41.ast.cam.ac.uk (8.12.2+Sun/8.12.2) with ESMTP id g9GG5dG2022752; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 17:05:41 +0100 (BST) Received: from localhost (gtr@localhost) by cass111.ast.cam.ac.uk (8.11.6+Sun/8.10.2) with ESMTP id g9GG5dQ08848; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 17:05:39 +0100 (BST) X-Authentication-Warning: cass111.ast.cam.ac.uk: gtr owned process doing -bs Date: Wed, 16 Oct 2002 17:05:39 +0100 (BST) From: Guy Rixon To: Ray Plante cc: Tony Linde , Subject: Re: UCDs, metadata and AstroOntology In-Reply-To: Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: dc7eabde1f268859bdee17dd5912ea4a I understand Ray's concerns for smooth migration. How about these two schemes? 1. Start with the existing UCDs: use them as atoms. Add some of the new atoms as determinatives where the existing UCDs are ambiguous. E.g. where INST_BANDPASS could mn a number of things, extend it to INST_BANDPASS/wavelength/central INST_BANDPASS/wavelength/extent INST_BANDPASS/frequency/central etc. (substitute your own favourite terms for the actual determinatives) 2. If we define the new UCDs as tuples, it may be easier to see how they fit in to existing schemes. We may avoid getting hbung up on notation. Guy Rixon gtr@ast.cam.ac.uk Institute of Astronomy Tel: +44-1223-337542 Madingley Road, Cambridge, UK, CB3 0HA Fax: +44-1223-337523 From - Sun Oct 20 19:22:33 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g9GF5g6X029939; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 17:05:42 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g9GF5fG24611; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 17:05:41 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAApXaqeW; Wed, 16 Oct 02 17:05:40 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g9GEiWXY012069 for ; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 07:44:32 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g9GEiWj5012067 for semantics-list; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 07:44:32 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from poplar.ncsa.uiuc.edu (poplar.ncsa.uiuc.edu [141.142.65.122]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g9GEiWXY012064 for ; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 07:44:32 -0700 Received: from localhost (rplante@localhost) by poplar.ncsa.uiuc.edu (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g9GF5GY27693; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 10:05:16 -0500 Date: Wed, 16 Oct 2002 10:05:16 -0500 (CDT) From: Ray Plante Reply-To: Ray Plante To: Tony Linde cc: semantics@us-vo.org Subject: Re: UCDs, metadata and AstroOntology In-Reply-To: <001301c27503$e4464f80$b524d28f@bunyip> Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 0f841c11685f6a46d1562978d780e3d4 Hi, I agree that with Guy's supposition that UCDs are molecules in which it would be useful to have access to atoms and some refactoring would be helpful. I'd like to jump in with my own take on how UCDs might be revamped as well as float a roadmap for how we might migrate. A general concern that I have had with UCDs is their limited role as tags to simple data. In addition to attaching meaning to table columns, we have need to express more complex information that doesn't fit well (and often does not appear) in a table column. The most obvious is a coordinate system description. Arnold Rots has been working up a data model for space-time coordinates including some XML markup that can be used to describe a system. He has also recommended some UCDs that map into components of this model. I find it inelegant that we have two separate systems to tag this information. Last week, a number of us attended a workshop at SAO on developing data models for the VO. One of the issues I'm interested in here is how metadata definitions can drop out of a data model. At this workshop, we played with a data model to describe a bandpass that led to some possible XML markup for encoding the information. I was struck that specific "atoms" of information could be identified by its XPath location, which is normally quite simple. For example "Bandpass/EffectiveWavelength". If This atom is part of a filter description, we might refer to it as "Filter/Bandpass/EffectiveWavelength". This, of course, is remarkably like UCDs where / replaces _. The nice thing in my mind is the direct relationship between this UCD-like tag and XML markup and the data model; no explicit mapping needed. As many of you know, I'm partial to a data-model-based metadata definition; however, I don't believe in building a comprehensive model that covers everything at once. This is done a bit at a time. That means if we move to this model, we have to do it in a way that plays well with the UCDs we are already using. Some keys to doing this: * namespaces associated with: parts of a data model related metdata UCDs * one should be able to define and experiment with any of the above three types without doing going through the full modeling process. * any model, metadata, or UCDs recommended for wide (IVOA) adoption should be required to explicitly define the mappings to the current set of UCDs. cheers, Ray From - Sun Oct 20 19:22:33 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g9GEmb6X026812; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 16:48:38 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g9GEmaF23560; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 16:48:36 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAyRayaU; Wed, 16 Oct 02 16:48:36 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g9GERIXY012007 for ; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 07:27:18 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g9GERIFX012005 for semantics-list; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 07:27:18 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from maroon.csi.cam.ac.uk (maroon.csi.cam.ac.uk [131.111.8.2]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g9GERHXY012002 for ; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 07:27:18 -0700 Received: from cass41.ast.cam.ac.uk ([131.111.69.186]) by maroon.csi.cam.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 4.10) id 181pSw-0003mE-00; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 15:48:06 +0100 Received: from cass123.ast.cam.ac.uk (cass123 [131.111.69.244]) by cass41.ast.cam.ac.uk (8.12.2+Sun/8.12.2) with ESMTP id g9GEm6G2021450; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 15:48:06 +0100 (BST) Received: from cass123.ast.cam.ac.uk (localhost [IPv6:::1]) by cass123.ast.cam.ac.uk (8.12.2+Sun/8.12.2) with ESMTP id g9GEm6vH019895; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 15:48:06 +0100 (BST) Received: from localhost (gtr@localhost) by cass123.ast.cam.ac.uk (8.12.2+Sun/8.12.2/Submit) with ESMTP id g9GEm0qv019891; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 15:48:00 +0100 (BST) X-Authentication-Warning: cass123.ast.cam.ac.uk: gtr owned process doing -bs Date: Wed, 16 Oct 2002 15:48:00 +0100 (BST) From: Guy Rixon To: Tony Linde cc: semantics@us-vo.org Subject: Re: UCDs, metadata and AstroOntology In-Reply-To: <001301c27503$e4464f80$b524d28f@bunyip> Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 01b97e5db9beb24255fc41935b378b8a In response to Tony's paper on UCDs, I'd like to expand briefly on my view of what UCDs are for. For me, UCDs ARE metadata but ARE NOT names. UCDs are small collections of truths about (vectors of) data that allow a machine to get a minimal understanding of how to treat those data. Column names are different. I propose that a programme reading, say, a VOTable should be able to find and use columns of that table for which it knows the semantics independently of some ontological service. I.e., the minimal metadata for using the table should be included. Example: find and plot all flux measurements in a VOTable. To do this, the programme could usefully search for an atom "energy-flux". It could also make use of a complementatry atom indicating which filter system a flux came from; it might use this to lable a point in the plot. The programme would also need to know accurately how a photometric measurement was presented; otherwise, it might try to combine incompatible quantities on the same plot. "Something to do with brightness" isn't a sufficient description of flux-related quantiities. Why UCDs as lengthy character strings? Why not tuples, e.g. XML complex types. 1. To make the parsing self-contained. Collating bits of metadata from many parts of a document makes a programme complicated. 2. To allow the UCDs to be read outside XML, where the only parsing is pattern matching. 3. To keep the UCDs readable by humans. Guy Rixon gtr@ast.cam.ac.uk Institute of Astronomy Tel: +44-1223-337542 Madingley Road, Cambridge, UK, CB3 0HA Fax: +44-1223-337523 From - Sun Oct 20 19:22:32 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g9GDcN6X014646; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 15:38:23 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g9GDcMY19315; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 15:38:22 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAArUaqUL; Wed, 16 Oct 02 15:38:21 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g9GDH6XY011591 for ; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 06:17:06 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g9GDH6fD011589 for semantics-list; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 06:17:06 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from curlew.cs.man.ac.uk (noplay@curlew.cs.man.ac.uk [130.88.13.7]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g9GDH5XY011586 for ; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 06:17:06 -0700 Received: from star1.jb.man.ac.uk ([130.88.24.176]) by curlew.cs.man.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 2.05 #6) id 181oN0-000BlV-00 for semantics@us-vo.org; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 14:37:54 +0100 Received: from [130.88.24.148] (helo=adikia) by star1.jb.man.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.03 #2) id 181oN3-0003y0-00 for semantics@us-vo.org; Wed, 16 Oct 2002 14:37:57 +0100 Date: Wed, 16 Oct 2002 14:37:48 +0100 (BST) From: Anita Richards X-Sender: amsr@adikia To: semantics@us-vo.org Subject: Re: UCDs, metadata and AstroOntology In-Reply-To: <001301c27503$e4464f80$b524d28f@bunyip> Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: f6b3641510b1a97b83033695fd5e058f > Not to be left out, I've jumped in with: > http://wiki.astrogrid.org/bin/view/Astrogrid/AreUCDsMetadata > arguing that some of these atomic combinations are embedding metadata > into the column names when it should be kept separate and distinct. Hi Tony et al., I think Tony is right that in some cases the UCDs appear to have too much detail. However if I understand his first two questions correctly, the reason why I suggested the prefixes (or separate but necessary atoms, whatever order they are in) is that, for example, INST_FREQ value Radio would be all the possible observing frequency ranges of an instrument OBS_FREQ value 1.6 GHz would be the observing frequency for a particular observation and at present the flux density of a source in that observation is given by PHOT_RADIO_1.6G or, another example, OBSTY_POS would be the geographical location of an observatory OBS_POS would be the pointing position of the instrument for a particular observation SOURCE_POS would be the position of a source within that field of view. Similarly, if I have understood Guy's example, LENGTH_WAVELENGTH means something like BANDWIDTH but WAVELENGTH could also be the peak of a spectral line, or possibly also used as a measure of other quantities like power spectra formed by Fourier transforming almost anything, or in wavelet analysis (I am not sure about this exactly, but I do know that 'power spectrum' does not necessarily mean a distribution of energy...). This does not invalidate Tony's arguments (although it does mean that we should all - including astronomers - realise that other parts of the field use terms by 'custom and practice' which are far removed from their formal meanings.). We do have to keep the original column names as occasionally the UCD allocation will go wrong whatever rules you use. If I understand correctly, what Tony is saying is that e.g. _if_ a catalogue has the observing frequency in in the header then the source flux density just needs to be PHOT. To me that is still using atomised UCDs as metadata, it is simply allowing their location to be split up, so that in order to execute a query 'find sources within (cone) with a flux density >10 mJy at 1.6 GHz' the query engine would select catalogues which covered the necessary position range and which contained 1.6 GHz measurements, and ideally this would be done by searching metadata in the catalogue headers. It would then select sources and return their properties using the required constraints on the values held in column entries identified by the column metadata. I would call these UCDs. In practice, catalogues might contain any information anywhere. For example, a catalogue might have in the header 'radio sources > 100 mJy' but not contain any flux densities in the catalogue itself. Or it might contain no frequency information in the header but be a catalogue of a particular type of source, and for each source have flux density measurements at a number of frequencies, hence PHOT_RADIO_1.6G etc. Unless we are going to reconstruct every catalogue so that certain information comes in the header there is no rigid structure which can tell you where to find which metadata. Of course, we can make recommendations, because it will be much more efficient to be able to select catalogues from their headers as a first step, and maybe convert or encourage the authors to convert major catalogues to the most convenient format, but (at least at first) I am not sure how efficient it would be to get the headers 'right' for every catalogue, or even how useful it would be in the above example, if a catalogue had measurements for active stars from radio to x-ray... I think the point of atomised UCDs is that they could come anywhere in a catalogue, e.g. every atom in the header would be taken to prefix every appropriate column description atom, and if columns contained arrays then they would in turn be prefixed by the higher levels (for example a pair of columns containing a value and an error could be implicitly thought of as an array) and the query engine would ahve to know what as 'appropriate'. And whatever happens there will have to be the first step of converting the wierd things people call columns and the ways they describe catalogues into a common 'language'. As I understand it, the UCDs _are_ the meta data for each column but they are dynamic, ie built up out of atoms from the column or the header or possibly higher levels depending on the query. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Dr. Anita M. S. Richards, AVO Astronomer MERLIN/VLBI National Facility, University of Manchester, Jodrell Bank Observatory, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK11 9DL, U.K. tel +44 (0)1477 572683 (direct); 571321 (switchboard); 571618 (fax). From - Sun Oct 20 19:22:32 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g9FIJRQr001903; Tue, 15 Oct 2002 20:19:27 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g9FIJQq09048; Tue, 15 Oct 2002 20:19:26 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAA7fa4Qr; Tue, 15 Oct 02 20:19:25 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g9FHwPXY008427 for ; Tue, 15 Oct 2002 10:58:25 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g9FHwPDp008425 for semantics-list; Tue, 15 Oct 2002 10:58:25 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from phobos.caltech.edu (phobos.caltech.edu [131.215.102.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g9FHwPXY008422 for ; Tue, 15 Oct 2002 10:58:25 -0700 Received: from avyakta.caltech.edu (avyakta [131.215.102.12]) by phobos.caltech.edu (8.12.2/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g9FIJ56L004501; Tue, 15 Oct 2002 11:19:05 -0700 (PDT) Received: from localhost (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by avyakta.caltech.edu (8.11.6/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g9FIJ4722797; Tue, 15 Oct 2002 11:19:04 -0700 Date: Tue, 15 Oct 2002 11:19:04 -0700 (PDT) From: Ashish Mahabal X-X-Sender: aam@avyakta.caltech.edu To: Tony Linde cc: semantics@us-vo.org Subject: Re: Ontology-based queries In-Reply-To: <000a01c27474$226d9330$b524d28f@bunyip> Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 26fcf7d045158421e5cb2c1fa62a2909 Tony wrote: >On the other hand, if we modify the above query to be: > Object is-of-type SNR > AND Source registers-in-wavelength X-Ray > AND Object is-within (1 arcmin) of-region (05 25 00 -69 38) >I think we hit difficulties. I cannot see how an ontology-based query >like this could work. The above query is likely to be expanded out to: Object is-of-type SNR AND Source registers-in-wavelength X-Ray AND Object has-RA > x.y AND Object has-RA < z.w AND Object has-DEC > a.b AND Object has-DEC < c.d But then, as you imply, the question of a subclass versus individual objects would arise and the query may have to be split into two sections: apples and oranges. Do just the first part first using an ontology: Object is-of-type SNR AND Source registers-in-wavelength X-Ray and then on the resulting set do the SQL like query select * where Object has-RA > x.y AND Object has-RA < z.w AND Object has-DEC > a.b AND Object has-DEC < c.d However, if we can store the classes (SNR, X-ray) with an object along with its attributes (RA, Dec), we could do the two in one fell swoop. Whatever way is chosen, an important point to remember will be that the query should magically rearrange itself so that the first clause is likely to return the smallest number. Otherwise if we go through a large number of objects only to throw away most of them at a later point, its a waste of resources. But perhaps this point will come up much later. -ashish Ashish Mahabal, Caltech Astronomy, Pasadena, CA 91125 http://www.astro.caltech.edu/~aam aam@astro.caltech.edu Basic unit of laryngitis: 1 hoarsepower From - Sun Oct 20 19:22:32 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g9FHvpQr029683; Tue, 15 Oct 2002 19:57:56 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g9FHvn208132; Tue, 15 Oct 2002 19:57:49 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAbCaa4p; Tue, 15 Oct 02 19:57:48 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g9FHZhXY008357 for ; Tue, 15 Oct 2002 10:35:43 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g9FHZhgl008355 for semantics-list; Tue, 15 Oct 2002 10:35:43 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from mta07-svc.ntlworld.com (mta07-svc.ntlworld.com [62.253.162.47]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g9FHZeXY008352 for ; Tue, 15 Oct 2002 10:35:42 -0700 Received: from bunyip ([80.4.36.35]) by mta07-svc.ntlworld.com (InterMail vM.4.01.03.27 201-229-121-127-20010626) with ESMTP id <20021015175606.CWD28004.mta07-svc.ntlworld.com@bunyip> for ; Tue, 15 Oct 2002 18:56:06 +0100 Reply-To: From: "Tony Linde" To: Subject: Ontology-based queries Date: Tue, 15 Oct 2002 18:56:04 +0100 Message-ID: <000a01c27474$226d9330$b524d28f@bunyip> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.3416 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Importance: Normal Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: f7439c3b59d7f4f9431e7efb46e97e7a Based mainly on what Sean has said, is it correct to say that, given a reasonable AstroOntology, if I want to find: Object is-of-type SNR AND Source registers-in-wavelength X-Ray what the interpreter does is to formulate a class of the above type and then find all objects which are instances of subclasses of that class, whether explicitly or implicitly stated to be so. If my supposition is correct, it seems that an ontology-based approach to querying a registry would have significant benefits here since we don't need to make sure that objects are classified in every way that they might be queried. SQL queries of this type are notoriously difficult to code and get to work efficiently. On the other hand, if we modify the above query to be: Object is-of-type SNR AND Source registers-in-wavelength X-Ray AND Object is-within (1 arcmin) of-region (05 25 00 -69 38) I think we hit difficulties. I cannot see how an ontology-based query like this could work. Is this right? Or am I trying to compare apples and oranges? Cheers, Tony. __ Tony Linde Phone: +44 (0)116 223 1292 AstroGrid Project Manager Fax: +44 (0)116 252 3311 Dept of Physics & Astronomy Mobile: +44 (0)7753 603356 University of Leicester Email: tol@star.le.ac.uk Leicester, UK LE1 7RH Web: http://www.astrogrid.org From - Sun Oct 20 19:22:32 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g9FHvpQr029684; Tue, 15 Oct 2002 19:57:56 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g9FHvnD08133; Tue, 15 Oct 2002 19:57:49 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAACai4p; Tue, 15 Oct 02 19:57:48 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g9FHaHXY008367 for ; Tue, 15 Oct 2002 10:36:17 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g9FHaH25008365 for semantics-list; Tue, 15 Oct 2002 10:36:17 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from mta02-svc.ntlworld.com (mta02-svc.ntlworld.com [62.253.162.42]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g9FHaBXY008362 for ; Tue, 15 Oct 2002 10:36:12 -0700 Received: from bunyip ([80.4.36.35]) by mta07-svc.ntlworld.com (InterMail vM.4.01.03.27 201-229-121-127-20010626) with ESMTP id <20021015175606.CWD28004.mta07-svc.ntlworld.com@bunyip> for ; Tue, 15 Oct 2002 18:56:06 +0100 Reply-To: From: "Tony Linde" To: Subject: Ontology-based queries Date: Tue, 15 Oct 2002 18:56:04 +0100 Message-ID: <000a01c27474$226d9330$b524d28f@bunyip> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.3416 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Importance: Normal Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 43e5c00a6c2ecf0f6d7ecd6bb3e781c8 Based mainly on what Sean has said, is it correct to say that, given a reasonable AstroOntology, if I want to find: Object is-of-type SNR AND Source registers-in-wavelength X-Ray what the interpreter does is to formulate a class of the above type and then find all objects which are instances of subclasses of that class, whether explicitly or implicitly stated to be so. If my supposition is correct, it seems that an ontology-based approach to querying a registry would have significant benefits here since we don't need to make sure that objects are classified in every way that they might be queried. SQL queries of this type are notoriously difficult to code and get to work efficiently. On the other hand, if we modify the above query to be: Object is-of-type SNR AND Source registers-in-wavelength X-Ray AND Object is-within (1 arcmin) of-region (05 25 00 -69 38) I think we hit difficulties. I cannot see how an ontology-based query like this could work. Is this right? Or am I trying to compare apples and oranges? Cheers, Tony. __ Tony Linde Phone: +44 (0)116 223 1292 AstroGrid Project Manager Fax: +44 (0)116 252 3311 Dept of Physics & Astronomy Mobile: +44 (0)7753 603356 University of Leicester Email: tol@star.le.ac.uk Leicester, UK LE1 7RH Web: http://www.astrogrid.org From - Tue Nov 19 10:04:12 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id gAI7AdiU022383; Mon, 18 Nov 2002 08:10:44 +0100 (MET) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id gAI7Ac400678; Mon, 18 Nov 2002 08:10:38 +0100 (MET) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAA7XaOub; Mon, 18 Nov 02 08:10:37 +0100 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id gAI6h6XY006477 for ; Sun, 17 Nov 2002 22:43:06 -0800 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id gAI6h6YE006475 for semantics-list; Sun, 17 Nov 2002 22:43:06 -0800 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from mta02-svc.ntlworld.com (mta02-svc.ntlworld.com [62.253.162.42]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id gAI6h3XY006472 for ; Sun, 17 Nov 2002 22:43:05 -0800 Received: from egg ([80.5.52.120]) by mta03-svc.ntlworld.com (InterMail vM.4.01.03.27 201-229-121-127-20010626) with ESMTP id <20021011103514.ONDV7631.mta03-svc.ntlworld.com@egg>; Fri, 11 Oct 2002 11:35:14 +0100 Date: Fri, 11 Oct 2002 11:38:56 +0100 (GMT Daylight Time) From: Sean Bechhofer To: rector@man.ac.uk cc: tol@star.le.ac.uk, , , , Subject: Re: Use of DAML+OIL/SkiCal and iCalendar in DAML+OIL In-Reply-To: <3DA00E1E.5D0F85B7@cs.man.ac.uk> Message-ID: X-X-Sender: seanb@mailhost.cs.man.ac.uk MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: fd31382eaca447ee65e15594c33bef6f On Sun, 6 Oct 2002, Alan Rector wrote: > Tony - Dan, Libby and Greg > > Thanks to Tony for bringing the paper to our attention. > > A question for the authors... > > Most of the issues concern namespaces and equivalence which I > shall leave to Sean. > Towards the end of the paper you have an almost throw away comment > that > > "Another significant problem was the awkward syntax and limited > expressivity..." > > Leaving aside the awkward syntax, I would be curious to know specific > examples of the problems with expressivity in your concrete > task. The reference to Pat Hayes isn't helpful because I know > his theoretical position. The question is, "What happens in practice?" I too (as an implementor) have struggled with the issue of awkward syntax. Collaping the richer models down into the RDF triple model makes things hard (from an implementation point of view) and produces effectively unreadable syntax (from a user point of view). However, that shouldn't necessarily be a problem -- rather it's a requirement for good end-user tools. RDF shouldn't be seen as a human readable syntax, but as a mechanism for exchange between machines. As with Alan, I'd be interested in knowing where the expressivity is insufficient. In the concluding section, there's a comment: "Where DAML+oil is used to describe relations between objects in ontologies written by different authors, connecting the ontologies involves hypothesising what the author meant by the ontology. A machine readable DAML+oil ontology does not capture all the aspects of the world in the area which it claims to represent, and so there is immense potential for error, still more so when the ontologies are defined in RDF Schema or Mime directories or other means less precise than DAML+oil." This is a good point, and one that's present regardless of the representation used. One of our hypotheses is that the explicit modelling capabilities of richer languages will help to alleviate the problems of interpreting the author's original intent. "Even within a single ontology, the degree of precision that DAML+oil enables you to describe between objects is in many cases greater than the degree of precision that you know pertains in those particular circumstances. This means that arbitrary decisions are made for those descriptions, leading to errors of interpretation, and, paradoxically, a reduction in precision, because of the introduction of this random noise." Again, are there examples of this? The use of a rich language does not mandate that one has to use all the functionality. We could quite easily define simple taxonomies (or even a completely flat vocabulary) using D+O. Indeed, one of our approaches to building models is to do precisely this -- start out with a simple taxonomic structure and then incrementally refine this through definition. Greg later wrote: >I am sure all these problems are old hat for others and I am surely the >least qualified to criticize DAML+OIL. After the fact I would say that >SkiCal just wasn't "hierarchal" enough to make sense in DAML+OIL and I am >not quite sure what would be, but Alan has asked for a response, maybe we >can talk a bit about this on Wednesday and I can brush up on the work and >be more concrete, otherwise I realize that this too is an "argument with >out evidence". Looking briefly at the iCal format, it does look to be lacking many intensionally defined classes, which is the sort of area that D+O is good at tackling. iCal seems rather to give a kind of top level schema for the sort of information that you might want to store about events. I think that where this kind of scenario would benefit is in the modelling of the vocabulary that is then used to populate that schema. For example, the kinds of person that may be involved in an event, or the different kinds of venue where an event may be held. Cheers, Sean -- Sean Bechhofer seanb@cs.man.ac.uk http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~seanb From - Wed Oct 9 13:58:08 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g99Bg0eQ023344; Wed, 9 Oct 2002 13:42:06 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g99Bfxm27211; Wed, 9 Oct 2002 13:41:59 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAA8Qaqj1; Wed, 9 Oct 02 13:41:58 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g99BLcXY019162 for ; Wed, 9 Oct 2002 04:21:38 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g99BLcg2019160 for semantics-list; Wed, 9 Oct 2002 04:21:38 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from apollo.le.ac.uk (mailsend.le.ac.uk [143.210.16.125]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g99BLaXY019157 for ; Wed, 9 Oct 2002 04:21:37 -0700 Received: from mail.star.le.ac.uk ([143.210.36.58]) by apollo.le.ac.uk with smtp (Exim 3.16 #1) id 17zFDI-0007OU-00 for semantics@us-vo.org; Wed, 09 Oct 2002 12:41:16 +0100 Received: (qmail 3602 invoked from network); 9 Oct 2002 11:41:38 -0000 Received: from bunyip.star.le.ac.uk (HELO bunyip) (143.210.36.181) by mail.star.le.ac.uk with SMTP; 9 Oct 2002 11:41:38 -0000 Reply-To: From: "Tony Linde" To: Subject: FW: ERCIM News No 51 published: Semantic Web Date: Wed, 9 Oct 2002 12:41:13 +0100 Organization: University of Leicester Message-ID: <006201c26f88$c59f6bf0$0c01a8c0@bunyip> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.3416 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Importance: Normal Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: f77575a2f2ffb92a7555442460ed5ec7 For everyone's information: -----Original Message----- From: Peter Kunz [mailto:peter.kunz@ercim.org] Sent: 09 October 2002 08:32 To: Peter Kunz Subject: ERCIM News No 51 published ERCIM NEWS No 51 Special Theme: Semantic Web has just been published at http://www.ercim.org/publication/Ercim_News/ ============================================================== The ERCIM News website http://www.ercim.org/publication/Ercim_News/ offers: - FREE SUBSCRIPTION to the printed edition - previous issues online back to 1994 - full text search of the current and former issues - ordering paper copies of back issues available on stock ============================================================== ERCIM FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME: DEADLINE 31 OCTOBER ERCIM offers postdoctoral fellowships in leading European information technology research centres. Fellowships are of 18 months duration, generally spent in two research centres. Competitive salary. Deadline for applications: 31 October 2002 Full description of the programme, conditions and the online application form can be found at http://www.ercim.org/activity/fellows/fellowship.html ============================================================== ERCIM News is published quarterly by ERCIM, the European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics. ERCIM News reports on joint actions of the ERCIM partners, and aims to reflect the contribution made by ERCIM to the European Community in Information Technology. About ERCIM (http://www.ercim.org): ERCIM - the European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics - aims to foster collaborative work within the European research community and to increase co-operation with European industry. Leading research institutes from fifteen European countries are members of ERCIM. See also: - Job opportunities at ERCIM Institutes: http://www.ercim.org/activity/jobs.html ============================================================== From - Mon Oct 7 11:46:31 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g978Xkw4021805; Mon, 7 Oct 2002 10:33:46 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g978XjU01098; Mon, 7 Oct 2002 10:33:45 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAA0Vaijc; Mon, 7 Oct 02 10:33:44 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g978DnXY010311 for ; Mon, 7 Oct 2002 01:13:49 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g978DngN010309 for semantics-list; Mon, 7 Oct 2002 01:13:49 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from dns2.s.bonet.se (dns2.s.bonet.se [212.181.54.3]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g978DlXY010306 for ; Mon, 7 Oct 2002 01:13:48 -0700 Received: from RiverRun (as12-1-1.bi.s.bonet.se [217.215.128.38]) by dns2.s.bonet.se (8.11.2/8.9.3) with SMTP id g978LLf25763; Mon, 7 Oct 2002 10:21:21 +0200 (CEST) (envelope-from greg@skical.org) From: "Greg FitzPatrick" To: , Cc: , , , "Par Lannero" Subject: RE: Use of DAML+OIL/SkiCal and iCalendar in DAML+OIL Date: Mon, 7 Oct 2002 10:31:48 +0200 Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0) X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 In-Reply-To: <3DA00E1E.5D0F85B7@cs.man.ac.uk> Importance: Normal Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu id g978DnXY010307 Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: b6af9645a0453340cd37354363fda9e9 Alan and Tony It has been a while since I worked on this and my memory isn't all that great. I remember that I was quite enthusiastic about the annotated walkthru created to exemplify DAML+OIL. It seemed to me that we could just rewrite the walkthru using SkiCal instead of the existing examples and I started out with that intention, replacing animals with events and so on. The further I got into this experiment, the more apparent it became to me how artificial the exemplifying ontology of the walkthru was. Yes, of course it was just a bunch of made up examples, but as I progressed it became increasingly difficult to discern instance from schema. There seemed to be a slightly tautological aspect to the entire walkthru which I had missed prior to my attempt to reuse it. Obviously there is a danger in picking fictional examples out of your head (populating an idea) to exemplify a structure since those examples are always going to fit. I am sure all these problems are old hat for others and I am surely the least qualified to criticize DAML+OIL. After the fact I would say that SkiCal just wasn't "hierarchal" enough to make sense in DAML+OIL and I am not quite sure what would be, but Alan has asked for a response, maybe we can talk a bit about this on Wednesday and I can brush up on the work and be more concrete, otherwise I realize that this too is an "argument with out evidence". Greg P.S. I have jokingly said to Libby and Dan that I think all schema examples should be about aliens and written in at least Russian, or some other language or topic that those involved in the schema work do not understand. I am sure the "self-evident" nature of the IPO example invariably used in schema walkthroughs (though not in the DAML+OIL instance) have caused considerable damage. -----Original Message----- From: Alan Rector [mailto:rector@cs.man.ac.uk] Sent: Sunday, October 06, 2002 12:19 PM To: tol@star.le.ac.uk Cc: semantics@us-vo.org; greg@skical.org; danbri@w3.org; libby.miller@bristol.ac.uk Subject: Re: Use of DAML+OIL/SkiCal and iCalendar in DAML+OIL Tony - Dan, Libby and Greg Thanks to Tony for bringing the paper to our attention. A question for the authors... Most of the issues concern namespaces and equivalence which I shall leave to Sean. Towards the end of the paper you have an almost throw away comment that "Another significant problem was the awkward syntax and limited expressivity..." Leaving aside the awkward syntax, I would be curious to know specific examples of the problems with expressivity in your concrete task. The reference to Pat Hayes isn't helpful because I know his theoretical position. The question is, "What happens in practice?" I know which things have caused problems in building biomedical ontologies. I think it is very important to know, concretely, what causes problems to others in other fields. Otherwise we are arguing without evidence. Thanks Alan -- Alan L Rector Professor of Medical Informatics Department of Computer Science University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL, UK TEL: +44-161-275-6188/6239/7183 FAX: +44-161-275-6204 email: rector@cs.man.ac.uk web: www.cs.man.ac.uk/mig www.opengalen.org Tony Linde wrote: > Ran across this paper at: > http://www.ilrt.bristol.ac.uk/discovery/2002/03/skical-daml/ > > It deals with applying DAML+OIL approach to an existing application > (SkiCal). I'd be interested to get Sean's comments on how they > approached the problem and their conclusions about DAML+OIL. > > (I'll be glad when OWL takes over - it's easier to type!) > > Cheers, > Tony. > > __ > Tony Linde Phone: +44 (0)116 223 1292 > AstroGrid Project Manager Fax: +44 (0)116 252 3311 > Dept of Physics & Astronomy Mobile: +44 (0)7753 603356 > University of Leicester Email: tol@star.le.ac.uk > Leicester, UK LE1 7RH Web: http://www.astrogrid.org > From - Tue Oct 8 09:47:09 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g97Lxh02026553; Mon, 7 Oct 2002 23:59:43 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g97LxgQ09298; Mon, 7 Oct 2002 23:59:42 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAaPaiks; Mon, 7 Oct 02 23:59:41 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g97LdnXY012651 for ; Mon, 7 Oct 2002 14:39:49 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g97LdnJX012649 for semantics-list; Mon, 7 Oct 2002 14:39:49 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from mel-rto2.wanadoo.fr (smtp-out-2.wanadoo.fr [193.252.19.254]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g97LdmXY012646 for ; Mon, 7 Oct 2002 14:39:49 -0700 Received: from mel-rta7.wanadoo.fr (193.252.19.61) by mel-rto2.wanadoo.fr (6.5.007) id 3D89D99900A48475 for semantics@us-vo.org; Mon, 7 Oct 2002 23:59:07 +0200 Received: from bernard (193.249.255.192) by mel-rta7.wanadoo.fr (6.5.007) id 3D8011E600EBBD5E for semantics@us-vo.org; Mon, 7 Oct 2002 23:59:07 +0200 Message-ID: <008201c26e4c$1ccc0de0$1bfef9c1@montrouge.mondeca.com> From: "Bernard Vatant" To: References: <005e01c26de5$fb22b790$b524d28f@bunyip> <003501c26e27$1eeca3c0$1bfef9c1@montrouge.mondeca.com> Subject: Gravitational Lens, Ontological Dispersion. Date: Mon, 7 Oct 2002 23:52:51 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 6545b4c5250ac769c30da4a7274bbdef http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/castles/index.html A good illustration of some typical ontological issues discussed lately. ... could provide a good test bed for any tool you could think about ... What objects are classified here? -- The title of the page is : "Gravitational Lens Data Base" -- The presentation says : "We will provide information and data on gravitational lens systems". Follows a table of "Multiply Imaged Systems" including a chilling grade system :( "... likelihood that the object is a lens: A=I'd bet my life, B=I'd bet your life, C=I'd bet your life and you should worry." Take one of the "objects" classified here, say "PG 1115+080" - Grade A, not a too risky one :) PG 1115+080 is the "Lens Name" ("standard name for the lens"). So far, so good ... But look at the reference papers to find out various types for the same guy ... -- Gravitational Lens -- Galaxy Lens -- Gravitational Lens System -- Quadruply Imaged Quasar -- Quadruple Gravitational Lens -- Gravitational Mirage -- Multiple QSO -- Triple QSO So what does PG1115 + 08 identifies? -- The (set of) QSO(s) of which image is distorded? -- The massive system (galaxy?) provoking the lens effect? -- The system "QSO + lens"? -- The whole region of space-time where the lens effect takes place? -- The apparent source(s) on the sky? -- All of those, in different scopes? And if it's only one of those, what are the identifiers for the others, if necessary? In short, what are the data at http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/castles/PG1115.html exactly about? Looks like the lens effect is also provoking some ontological dispersion ;-) Is Virtual Observatory Semantics supposed to tackle that kind of issues? Bernard From - Tue Oct 8 09:47:09 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g97HYdw4000323; Mon, 7 Oct 2002 19:34:39 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g97HYbE26974; Mon, 7 Oct 2002 19:34:37 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAfXaqR0; Mon, 7 Oct 02 19:34:37 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g97HEiXY011945 for ; Mon, 7 Oct 2002 10:14:44 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g97HEiMN011943 for semantics-list; Mon, 7 Oct 2002 10:14:44 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from mel-rto2.wanadoo.fr (smtp-out-2.wanadoo.fr [193.252.19.254]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g97HEhXY011940 for ; Mon, 7 Oct 2002 10:14:44 -0700 Received: from mel-rta10.wanadoo.fr (193.252.19.193) by mel-rto2.wanadoo.fr (6.5.007) id 3D89D99900A223A9; Mon, 7 Oct 2002 19:33:49 +0200 Received: from bernard (80.9.95.48) by mel-rta10.wanadoo.fr (6.5.007) id 3D80120800F1C375; Mon, 7 Oct 2002 19:33:49 +0200 Message-ID: <003501c26e27$1eeca3c0$1bfef9c1@montrouge.mondeca.com> From: "Bernard Vatant" To: Cc: "Nikita Ogievetsky" References: <005e01c26de5$fb22b790$b524d28f@bunyip> Subject: Re: Use of DAML+OIL/SkiCal and iCalendar in DAML+OIL Date: Mon, 7 Oct 2002 19:29:35 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 947e51e6991846e28909ed329bbc79b5 *Tony Linde > In the scientific domain, such as with astronomical VOs, it is > different. While we still have the issue of determining the right way to > map concepts as classes, whether using a data modelling or ontological > approach, there is an additional problem with creating the instances. > Three people may analyse the same data for a given point in the sky: one > will say the object is a brown dwarf, one will say it is a 'green fairy' > and the third may say that the readings are simply errors in the > instrument. All three 'statements' must be possible about the same set > of data points. This is fairly close to the situation exposed at http://archives.us-vo.org/semantics/0033.html A Topic Map view of such a situation would be as following: - The observation data set itself is a specific resource (image, spectrum, whatever ...) - It is identified by some locator URI, and attached some relevant metadata (observation source, date, quality, format ...). In Topic Maps terminology, this resource is an "addressable subject", stored somewhere in the network, and retrievable through its locator. It is represented by a specific topic, say "Obs-ABCD-1234". - This topic can be classified through various hierarchies (observation type, bandwidth, instrument, protocol ...) - This topic is related to other topics like Instrument X, Team Z, Observatory K, Project W, through specific associations. All the above, expressed by a specific network of associations involving topic "Obs-ABCD-1234", is completely independent of and distinct from any out there object - if any - this observation is supposed to "represent", "show" or "be Image Of". All the above looks like regular "enterprise content" and is likely to be managed as such, with not too many ontological issues: objects and types in it are not too much controversial in identity, they are like any other down-to-earth business objects. Now you got your two interpretations of "Obs-ABCD-1234" as so many distinct topics. "BD_0524-0867" (instanceOf "Brown Dwarf") "GF_4567" (instanceOf "Green Fairy") The observation interpretation can now expressed as specific associations, in different scopes, like: (1) Observation-Interpretation [observation: Obs-ABCD-1234, object: Brown Dwarf 0524-0867] If you consider there is no out-there object, but just instrumental artifact, just classify Obs-ABCD-1234 as junk :) > Or perhaps what we're looking for is a way in which the set of data > points is only ever represented by these 'statements'. The 'object' is > never instantiated as an instance of one or other classes - bit like > quantum superposition except that resolution is never absolute :) The above way to do is somehow avoiding the quantum superposition effect, by making the interpretation different in different scopes. "BD_0524-0867" is a brown dwarf by definition. I can always say there exists an instance of the class Brown Dwarf called BD_0524-0867 - even with the status of unproven assertion, and try to gather consistent information about it. That there "is" an object out there "belonging" "really" to the brown dwarf class is another (metaphysic) issue. All the problem is to know if the assertion expressed by (1) is consistent with: -- the current definition of brown dwarf class -- consistent interpretation of Obs-ABCD-1234 -- previous data/information/knowledge, if any, concerning BD_0524-0867 The superposition effect happens only if you want to consider different interpretations as likely. But it's a very good analogy. And BTW Nikita Ogievetsky, (former neutrino physicist and now topic maps guru) has developed the notion of "quantum topic maps". A fascinating aspect of it is that, like a quantum object, any subject is changed by (not to say made of) the assertions you make on it (interpreted as interactions), and is not a static out-there realistic "thing". I forward this to Nikita, hoping to see him jump in the debate with fascinating insights :)) See http://www.cogx.com/kt2002/ Bernard ------------------------------------------------------------------- Bernard Vatant Consultant - Mondeca www.mondeca.com Chair - OASIS TM PubSubj Technical Committee www.oasis-open.org/committees/tm-pubsubj/ ------------------------------------------------------------------- From - Mon Oct 7 11:59:50 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g979htw4002912; Mon, 7 Oct 2002 11:43:56 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g979hsw04080; Mon, 7 Oct 2002 11:43:54 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAwtaO9h; Mon, 7 Oct 02 11:43:53 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g979OEXY010496 for ; Mon, 7 Oct 2002 02:24:14 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g979OEh5010494 for semantics-list; Mon, 7 Oct 2002 02:24:14 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from apollo.le.ac.uk (apollo.le.ac.uk [143.210.16.125]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g979ODXY010491 for ; Mon, 7 Oct 2002 02:24:13 -0700 Received: from mail.star.le.ac.uk ([143.210.36.58]) by apollo.le.ac.uk with smtp (Exim 3.16 #1) id 17yUQ9-0007Gp-00 for semantics@us-vo.org; Mon, 07 Oct 2002 10:43:25 +0100 Received: (qmail 5355 invoked from network); 7 Oct 2002 09:43:47 -0000 Received: from bunyip.star.le.ac.uk (HELO bunyip) (143.210.36.181) by mail.star.le.ac.uk with SMTP; 7 Oct 2002 09:43:47 -0000 Reply-To: From: "Tony Linde" To: Cc: "'Greg FitzPatrick'" , Subject: RE: Use of DAML+OIL/SkiCal and iCalendar in DAML+OIL Date: Mon, 7 Oct 2002 10:43:24 +0100 Organization: University of Leicester Message-ID: <005e01c26de5$fb22b790$b524d28f@bunyip> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.3416 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 In-Reply-To: Importance: Normal Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 98b2b17e8f152932ed7c95b73dfc93cc Greg, Thanks for pitching in here. I think Alan's comment that 'it is very important to know, concretely, what causes problems to others in other fields' is exactly right. I guess what applications people (which I mostly fit into) are looking for is some idea of the types of problem domain that an ontological approach will and will not fit. And the ontology people are looking to iron out the problems that do arise. It seems to me that the SkiCal experiment was akin to problems in the business arena. In the past I've spent a long time trying to define the structure of a problem, mapping the right classes and structures that, together, will make it easiest to instantiate business objects and processes and then building an application around them. The uncertainty here was in getting the right class to map a set of objects. Lots of mappings could work; the trick was choosing the best one. Given that you'd already done this to get the application working, the ontological work was of little extra benefit. And, even if starting from scratch, the effort involved was greater than the original modelling effort. No? In the scientific domain, such as with astronomical VOs, it is different. While we still have the issue of determining the right way to map concepts as classes, whether using a data modelling or ontological approach, there is an additional problem with creating the instances. Three people may analyse the same data for a given point in the sky: one will say the object is a brown dwarf, one will say it is a 'green fairy' and the third may say that the readings are simply errors in the instrument. All three 'statements' must be possible about the same set of data points. The additional benefit we're looking for from an ontological approach is the use of an inference engine to tell us when one set of statements is the same or different to another set. Whether that can then be put to practical use is another question. Or perhaps what we're looking for is a way in which the set of data points is only ever represented by these 'statements'. The 'object' is never instantiated as an instance of one or other classes - bit like quantum superposition except that resolution is never absolute :) I wonder if this will affect the way we design our VO more fundamentally than I though - worth thinking about. Cheers, Tony. > -----Original Message----- > From: Greg FitzPatrick [mailto:greg@skical.org] > Sent: 07 October 2002 09:32 > To: rector@man.ac.uk; tol@star.le.ac.uk > Cc: semantics@us-vo.org; danbri@w3.org; > libby.miller@bristol.ac.uk; Par Lannero > Subject: RE: Use of DAML+OIL/SkiCal and iCalendar in DAML+OIL > > > Alan and Tony > > It has been a while since I worked on this and my memory > isn't all that great. > > I remember that I was quite enthusiastic about the annotated > walkthru created to exemplify DAML+OIL. It seemed to me > that we could just rewrite the walkthru using SkiCal instead > of the existing examples and I started out with that > intention, replacing animals with events and so on. > > The further I got into this experiment, the more apparent it > became to me how artificial the exemplifying ontology of the > walkthru was. Yes, of course it was just a bunch of made up > examples, but as I progressed it became increasingly > difficult to discern instance from schema. There seemed to > be a slightly tautological aspect to the entire walkthru > which I had missed prior to my attempt to reuse it. > > Obviously there is a danger in picking fictional examples out > of your head (populating an idea) to exemplify a structure > since those examples are always going to fit. > > I am sure all these problems are old hat for others and I am > surely the least qualified to criticize DAML+OIL. After the > fact I would say that SkiCal just wasn't "hierarchal" enough > to make sense in DAML+OIL and I am not quite sure what would > be, but Alan has asked for a response, maybe we can talk a > bit about this on Wednesday and I can brush up on the work > and be more concrete, otherwise I realize that this too is an > "argument with out evidence". > > Greg > > P.S. > > I have jokingly said to Libby and Dan that I think all schema > examples should be about aliens and written in at least > Russian, or some other language or topic that those involved > in the schema work do not understand. I am sure the > "self-evident" nature of the IPO example invariably used in > schema walkthroughs (though not in the DAML+OIL instance) > have caused considerable damage. > > > > > > -----Original Message----- > From: Alan Rector [mailto:rector@cs.man.ac.uk] > Sent: Sunday, October 06, 2002 12:19 PM > To: tol@star.le.ac.uk > Cc: semantics@us-vo.org; greg@skical.org; danbri@w3.org; > libby.miller@bristol.ac.uk > Subject: Re: Use of DAML+OIL/SkiCal and iCalendar in DAML+OIL > > > Tony - Dan, Libby and Greg > > Thanks to Tony for bringing the paper to our attention. > > A question for the authors... > > Most of the issues concern namespaces and equivalence which I > shall leave to Sean. > > Towards the end of the paper you have an almost throw away > comment that > > "Another significant problem was the awkward syntax and > limited expressivity..." > > Leaving aside the awkward syntax, I would be curious to know > specific examples of the problems with expressivity in your > concrete task. The reference to Pat Hayes isn't helpful > because I know his theoretical position. The question is, > "What happens in practice?" > > I know which things have caused problems in building > biomedical ontologies. I think it is very important to know, > concretely, what causes problems to others in other fields. > Otherwise we are arguing without evidence. > > Thanks > > Alan > > -- > Alan L Rector > Professor of Medical Informatics > Department of Computer Science > University of Manchester > Manchester M13 9PL, UK > TEL: +44-161-275-6188/6239/7183 > FAX: +44-161-275-6204 > email: rector@cs.man.ac.uk > web: www.cs.man.ac.uk/mig > www.opengalen.org > > > > > Tony Linde wrote: > > > Ran across this paper at: > > http://www.ilrt.bristol.ac.uk/discovery/2002/03/skical-daml/ > > > > It deals with applying DAML+OIL approach to an existing application > > (SkiCal). I'd be interested to get Sean's comments on how they > > approached the problem and their conclusions about DAML+OIL. > > > > (I'll be glad when OWL takes over - it's easier to type!) > > > > Cheers, > > Tony. > > > > __ > > Tony Linde Phone: +44 (0)116 223 1292 > > AstroGrid Project Manager Fax: +44 (0)116 252 3311 > > Dept of Physics & Astronomy Mobile: +44 (0)7753 603356 > > University of Leicester Email: tol@star.le.ac.uk > > Leicester, UK LE1 7RH Web: http://www.astrogrid.org > > > > > > From - Sun Oct 6 22:11:24 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g94GtK0x018129; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 18:55:20 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g94GtJ623142; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 18:55:19 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAA51aOmT; Fri, 4 Oct 02 18:55:19 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g94Ga6XY032087 for ; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 09:36:06 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g94Ga6ZO032085 for semantics-list; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 09:36:06 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from apollo.le.ac.uk (mailsend.le.ac.uk [143.210.16.125]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g94Ga4XY032082 for ; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 09:36:05 -0700 Received: from mail.star.le.ac.uk ([143.210.36.58]) by apollo.le.ac.uk with smtp (Exim 3.16 #1) id 17xVj6-00030k-00 for semantics@us-vo.org; Fri, 04 Oct 2002 17:54:56 +0100 Received: (qmail 15641 invoked from network); 4 Oct 2002 16:55:19 -0000 Received: from bunyip.star.le.ac.uk (HELO bunyip) (143.210.36.181) by mail.star.le.ac.uk with SMTP; 4 Oct 2002 16:55:19 -0000 Reply-To: From: "Tony Linde" To: Subject: Use of DAML+OIL Date: Fri, 4 Oct 2002 17:54:50 +0100 Organization: University of Leicester Message-ID: <004a01c26bc6$c114fcf0$b524d28f@bunyip> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.3416 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Importance: Normal Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 32745996ee5aa484f3e0586ddca3451d Ran across this paper at: http://www.ilrt.bristol.ac.uk/discovery/2002/03/skical-daml/ It deals with applying DAML+OIL approach to an existing application (SkiCal). I'd be interested to get Sean's comments on how they approached the problem and their conclusions about DAML+OIL. (I'll be glad when OWL takes over - it's easier to type!) Cheers, Tony. __ Tony Linde Phone: +44 (0)116 223 1292 AstroGrid Project Manager Fax: +44 (0)116 252 3311 Dept of Physics & Astronomy Mobile: +44 (0)7753 603356 University of Leicester Email: tol@star.le.ac.uk Leicester, UK LE1 7RH Web: http://www.astrogrid.org From - Sun Oct 6 22:11:24 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g94G4o0x011854; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 18:04:50 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g94G4mN20666; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 18:04:48 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAVVaaxO; Fri, 4 Oct 02 18:04:47 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g94FjYXY031951 for ; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 08:45:34 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g94FjYsS031949 for semantics-list; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 08:45:34 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from apollo.le.ac.uk (mailsend.le.ac.uk [143.210.16.125]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g94FjWXY031946 for ; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 08:45:33 -0700 Received: from mail.star.le.ac.uk ([143.210.36.58]) by apollo.le.ac.uk with smtp (Exim 3.16 #1) id 17xUwC-0002E8-00 for semantics@us-vo.org; Fri, 04 Oct 2002 17:04:24 +0100 Received: (qmail 11383 invoked from network); 4 Oct 2002 16:04:41 -0000 Received: from bunyip.star.le.ac.uk (HELO bunyip) (143.210.36.181) by mail.star.le.ac.uk with SMTP; 4 Oct 2002 16:04:41 -0000 Reply-To: From: "Tony Linde" To: Subject: RE: Where to start (was: Ontology for Dummies) Date: Fri, 4 Oct 2002 17:04:13 +0100 Organization: University of Leicester Message-ID: <004601c26bbf$ae9178d0$b524d28f@bunyip> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.3416 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 In-Reply-To: Importance: Normal Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 5f36bc5b26217da997086121ebdb5ed2 I found Sean's complicated example very interesting. And I'm going to go back to my ontology-based querying topic... Both of the classes below could be represented (in a complicated way) as SQL queries. Can we do the reverse then and represent queries as classes and then use the inference engine to deduce when one query is a subclass or superclass of another to make inferences about the actual or potential results. And, to bring in the discussion on another topic (though I've not had time yet to read the related stack of papers on my desk), could we therefore define 'distance' between queries and make inferences from the distances. Cheers, Tony. > -----Original Message----- > From: owner-semantics@us-vo.org > [mailto:owner-semantics@us-vo.org] On Behalf Of Sean Bechhofer > Sent: 04 October 2002 14:19 > To: Bernard Vatant > Cc: semantics@us-vo.org > Subject: Re: Where to start (was: Ontology for Dummies) ... > As a more complicated example (which is again, I'm afraid, > non-astronomical), consider the class of people who have a > son and all of who's children are Lawyers. In OWL, I'd say > something like: > > PersonWithSonAndAllLawyerChildren = > Person AND > all child Lawyer > some child Male > > How would I represent this information using TMs? And how do > I then ensure that I can tell that the class: > > PersonWithSonAndDaughterBothLawyers = > Person AND > exact 2 child > some child (Male AND Lawyer) > some child (Female AND Lawyer) > > is a subclass of the first one, e.g. any instances of > PersonWithSonAndDaughterBothLawyers are necessarily instances > of PersonsWithSonAndLawyerChildren (which then allows me to > do things like induce a taxonomy from my definitions). ... From - Sun Oct 6 22:11:24 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g94FG10x004253; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 17:16:01 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g94FG0N17625; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 17:16:00 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAh7aaBI; Fri, 4 Oct 02 17:15:59 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g94EurXY031818 for ; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 07:56:53 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g94EurCd031816 for semantics-list; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 07:56:53 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from m1.cs.man.ac.uk (m1.cs.man.ac.uk [130.88.192.2]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g94EuqXY031813 for ; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 07:56:52 -0700 Received: from mailhost by m1.cs.man.ac.uk (8.8.8/AL/MJK-2.0) id QAA17353; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 16:15:40 +0100 (BST) Received: from potato ([130.88.196.149]) by mailhost with esmtp (Exim 3.36 #1) id 17xUB0-0005EZ-00; Fri, 04 Oct 2002 16:15:38 +0100 Date: Fri, 4 Oct 2002 16:18:29 +0100 (GMT Daylight Time) From: Sean Bechhofer To: Bernard Vatant cc: semantics@us-vo.org Subject: Re: Where to start (was: Ontology for Dummies) In-Reply-To: <003801c26bb6$467b49a0$6601a8c0@bernard> Message-ID: X-X-Sender: seanb@mailhost.cs.man.ac.uk MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: c140ddf5c222590e008326bb3e3e5c5b On Fri, 4 Oct 2002, Bernard Vatant wrote: > *Sean > > If this discussion is proving uninteresting or irrelevant to the mailing > > list, please let us know and we can take it elsewhere.... > > Assuming that Tony's answer to that is representative, let's keep on for a while :) > > *SB > > I suppose the issue here is that I think that inference is crucial if > > we're going to get added value from machine processing (and really have a > > *Semantic* web). > > Agreed. I guess no one will argue on that. But OTOH I guess users (astronomers) > want also added value in the human-machine interface also. And, the way I figure it, OWL > would be good for the machine processing added value, but TM would be good for the > human-machine interface added value. That goes along the lines of what Carol wrote in a > previous post that we should not look as those technologies as concurrents, looking for > the "killer app", but audit what each of them could bring, and eventually put the pieces > where they fit. The tricky thing is to figure how to make them work together ... Absolutely. I would never claim that any single technology will solve all our problems! As you say, we need nice things for users to look at/interact with and well-defined formal things for machines to work with along with a seamless integration between the two :-)) I guess this kind of discussion helps to inform us of the boundaries of the constituent parts. > *BV > > > Is there less semantics in the TM expression than in the OWL expression? > > > Let alone the capacity of the latter to draw inferences ... > > That was not begging the answer, but a reallly naive question :) > > *SB > > I'm afraid I don't quite follow this, and don't see where the semantics > > are here. > > Oh, you mean by semantics here the machine-interpretability, right? Oh yes. In this context when I talk about semantics I (pretty much) *always* mean machine-intepretability. That's what (in my opinion) the "semantics" in the Semantic Web is all about. Sean -- Sean Bechhofer seanb@cs.man.ac.uk http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~seanb From - Fri Oct 4 17:14:39 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g94F0U0x001952; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 17:00:35 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g94F0Su16860; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 17:00:28 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAIAa46G; Fri, 4 Oct 02 17:00:27 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g94EfAXY031780 for ; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 07:41:10 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g94EfA4v031778 for semantics-list; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 07:41:10 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from mel-rto2.wanadoo.fr (smtp-out-2.wanadoo.fr [193.252.19.254]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g94Ef9XY031775 for ; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 07:41:10 -0700 Received: from mel-rta8.wanadoo.fr (193.252.19.79) by mel-rto2.wanadoo.fr (6.5.007) id 3D89D99900893F3F for semantics@us-vo.org; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 16:59:55 +0200 Received: from bernard (80.9.92.36) by mel-rta8.wanadoo.fr (6.5.007) id 3D8011E300C99983 for semantics@us-vo.org; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 16:59:55 +0200 Message-ID: <003801c26bb6$467b49a0$6601a8c0@bernard> From: "Bernard Vatant" To: References: Subject: Re: Where to start (was: Ontology for Dummies) Date: Fri, 4 Oct 2002 16:56:50 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: c333496240032861b2aafdcdd0a55793 *Sean > If this discussion is proving uninteresting or irrelevant to the mailing > list, please let us know and we can take it elsewhere.... Assuming that Tony's answer to that is representative, let's keep on for a while :) *SB > I suppose the issue here is that I think that inference is crucial if > we're going to get added value from machine processing (and really have a > *Semantic* web). Agreed. I guess no one will argue on that. But OTOH I guess users (astronomers) want also added value in the human-machine interface also. And, the way I figure it, OWL would be good for the machine processing added value, but TM would be good for the human-machine interface added value. That goes along the lines of what Carol wrote in a previous post that we should not look as those technologies as concurrents, looking for the "killer app", but audit what each of them could bring, and eventually put the pieces where they fit. The tricky thing is to figure how to make them work together ... *BV > > Is there less semantics in the TM expression than in the OWL expression? > > Let alone the capacity of the latter to draw inferences ... That was not begging the answer, but a reallly naive question :) *SB > I'm afraid I don't quite follow this, and don't see where the semantics > are here. Oh, you mean by semantics here the machine-interpretability, right? > How do I know (without you having to tell me extra stuff about > the interpretation of your particular association types) that the > assertion above should be interpreted as the given constraint? I.e. that > class_colour restricts the class to having the particular colour. Is this > how I *always* interpret an association type? And if not, how do I ensure > that this information is conveyed? OK. Good point. There is indeed no way to make sure about that, in a completely automatic way, from inside the topic map. The interpretation of class_colour association has to put in the loop some external definition of the association type, e.g. through a published subject indicator. *SB > As a more complicated example ... I think there is no need for the more complicated example :) Cheers Bernard From - Fri Oct 4 16:40:29 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g94Db70x020295; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 15:37:07 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g94Db6a12491; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 15:37:06 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAABoaqzy; Fri, 4 Oct 02 15:37:05 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g94DI1XY031307 for ; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 06:18:01 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g94DI1rQ031305 for semantics-list; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 06:18:01 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from apollo.le.ac.uk (mailsend.le.ac.uk [143.210.16.125]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g94DHxXY031301 for ; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 06:18:00 -0700 Received: from mail.star.le.ac.uk ([143.210.36.58]) by apollo.le.ac.uk with smtp (Exim 3.16 #1) id 17xSdN-00076y-00 for semantics@us-vo.org; Fri, 04 Oct 2002 14:36:49 +0100 Received: (qmail 27437 invoked from network); 4 Oct 2002 13:37:11 -0000 Received: from bunyip.star.le.ac.uk (HELO bunyip) (143.210.36.181) by mail.star.le.ac.uk with SMTP; 4 Oct 2002 13:37:11 -0000 Reply-To: From: "Tony Linde" To: Subject: RE: Where to start (was: Ontology for Dummies) Date: Fri, 4 Oct 2002 14:36:44 +0100 Organization: University of Leicester Message-ID: <002801c26bab$14a6f1a0$b524d28f@bunyip> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.3416 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 In-Reply-To: Importance: Normal Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 75350520494e9d9ff42a501736642f49 > If this discussion is proving uninteresting or irrelevant to > the mailing list, please let us know and we can take it elsewhere.... No, this is very interesting. Key to my own interest is the *usefulness* of an ontology. And I'm learning more about it all as well! Carry on, guys. Cheers, Tony. > -----Original Message----- > From: owner-semantics@us-vo.org > [mailto:owner-semantics@us-vo.org] On Behalf Of Sean Bechhofer > Sent: 04 October 2002 14:19 > To: Bernard Vatant > Cc: semantics@us-vo.org > Subject: Re: Where to start (was: Ontology for Dummies) > > > > If this discussion is proving uninteresting or irrelevant to > the mailing list, please let us know and we can take it elsewhere.... > > On Fri, 4 Oct 2002, Bernard Vatant wrote: > > > * Sean Bechhofer ... From - Fri Oct 4 15:30:31 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g94DGi0x017746; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 15:16:44 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g94DGhS11733; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 15:16:43 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAABMaa6w; Fri, 4 Oct 02 15:16:42 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g94CvWXY031238 for ; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 05:57:32 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g94CvWsu031236 for semantics-list; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 05:57:32 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from m1.cs.man.ac.uk (m1.cs.man.ac.uk [130.88.192.2]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g94CvUXY031233 for ; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 05:57:31 -0700 Received: from mailhost by m1.cs.man.ac.uk (8.8.8/AL/MJK-2.0) id OAA12077; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 14:16:10 +0100 (BST) Received: from potato ([130.88.196.149]) by mailhost with esmtp (Exim 3.36 #1) id 17xSJM-00027C-00; Fri, 04 Oct 2002 14:16:08 +0100 Date: Fri, 4 Oct 2002 14:18:59 +0100 (GMT Daylight Time) From: Sean Bechhofer To: Bernard Vatant cc: semantics@us-vo.org Subject: Re: Where to start (was: Ontology for Dummies) In-Reply-To: <004301c26ba1$86626fe0$6601a8c0@bernard> Message-ID: X-X-Sender: seanb@mailhost.cs.man.ac.uk MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: fd041415d7979d8572c21115aa388b99 If this discussion is proving uninteresting or irrelevant to the mailing list, please let us know and we can take it elsewhere.... On Fri, 4 Oct 2002, Bernard Vatant wrote: > * Sean Bechhofer > > Topic Maps and OWL (hereafter referred to as TM and OWL to save > > typing) *are* different. This is not to say that one is "better" than > > the other though -- they are *different*, and are suitable for > > different purposes. TMs provide a kind of model of "back of the book > > indexes", a way of indexing particular occurrences of topics or > > subjects. In my opinion, they are not a framework for representing > > ontologies (** see below). > > This is controversial, even TM folks are not quite clear on that. > TM are a framework for representing taxonomies and semantic networks. > What is missing (so far) is the constraint and inference layer. Ok. I suppose the issue here is that I think that inference is crucial if we're going to get added value from machine processing (and really have a *Semantic* web). > > The crucial point with OWL is that we have a well-defined notion of > > what it means when we say: > > > > telephone -> all colour black > > > > i.e. all telephones can *only* have the colour black. > > Anyway. I don't see why TM could not express that by using specific topics and > associations. > > Define a topic representing the class "telephone" > Define a topic representing the concept "colour' > Define a topic representing the colour "black" > Define a topic representing the concept "class" > Define a topic representing the association type "class_colour" > > Every one of the above being defined as a Published Subject if possible. > > Then define an instance of the association-type "class_colour" > where "telephone" plays the role of "class" and "black" plays the role of "colour" > > class_colour (class: "telephone" ; colour: "black") > > And, at will, constrain the domain of validity of this assertion by a convenient scope, > like "1930, USSR" ;-) > > Is there less semantics in the TM expression than in the OWL expression? > Let alone the capacity of the latter to draw inferences ... I'm afraid I don't quite follow this, and don't see where the semantics are here. How do I know (without you having to tell me extra stuff about the interpretation of your particular association types) that the assertion above should be interpreted as the given constraint? I.e. that class_colour restricts the class to having the particular colour. Is this how I *always* interpret an association type? And if not, how do I ensure that this information is conveyed? As a more complicated example (which is again, I'm afraid, non-astronomical), consider the class of people who have a son and all of who's children are Lawyers. In OWL, I'd say something like: PersonWithSonAndAllLawyerChildren = Person AND all child Lawyer some child Male How would I represent this information using TMs? And how do I then ensure that I can tell that the class: PersonWithSonAndDaughterBothLawyers = Person AND exact 2 child some child (Male AND Lawyer) some child (Female AND Lawyer) is a subclass of the first one, e.g. any instances of PersonWithSonAndDaughterBothLawyers are necessarily instances of PersonsWithSonAndLawyerChildren (which then allows me to do things like induce a taxonomy from my definitions). Cheers, Sean -- Sean Bechhofer seanb@cs.man.ac.uk http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~seanb From - Fri Oct 4 14:47:35 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g94CVi0x010470; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 14:31:44 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g94CVh409748; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 14:31:43 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAA6xayct; Fri, 4 Oct 02 14:31:42 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g94CCaXY031127 for ; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 05:12:36 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g94CCa6H031125 for semantics-list; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 05:12:36 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from mel-rto4.wanadoo.fr (smtp-out-4.wanadoo.fr [193.252.19.23]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g94CCZXY031121 for ; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 05:12:36 -0700 Received: from mel-rta9.wanadoo.fr (193.252.19.69) by mel-rto4.wanadoo.fr (6.5.007) id 3D760D08011178A5 for semantics@us-vo.org; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 14:31:20 +0200 Received: from bernard (193.248.54.10) by mel-rta9.wanadoo.fr (6.5.007) id 3D80120400D60C9C for semantics@us-vo.org; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 14:31:20 +0200 Message-ID: <004301c26ba1$86626fe0$6601a8c0@bernard> From: "Bernard Vatant" To: References: Subject: Re: Where to start (was: Ontology for Dummies) Date: Fri, 4 Oct 2002 14:27:45 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 4e178bc2d208da2fa0dbe5b6e708287f A little more about TM, to follow-up with Sean *Tony Linde: > > I don't want to spark an OntoWar, but could people (participants and > > lurkers alike) say if there is any significant difference between a > > topic map approach to ontologies and an OWL (or its ancestors') language > > approach. * Sean Bechhofer > Topic Maps and OWL (hereafter referred to as TM and OWL to save > typing) *are* different. This is not to say that one is "better" than > the other though -- they are *different*, and are suitable for > different purposes. TMs provide a kind of model of "back of the book > indexes", a way of indexing particular occurrences of topics or > subjects. In my opinion, they are not a framework for representing > ontologies (** see below). This is controversial, even TM folks are not quite clear on that. TM are a framework for representing taxonomies and semantic networks. What is missing (so far) is the constraint and inference layer. > Again, in the interests of world peace and > harmony, this is not intended as a diss or put-down of TMs -- there > are other things that TMs will do better than an approach like OWL. Agreed :) But could you expand on what you expect TM to express better than OWL? > OWL is a language and framework for representing ontological knowledge > and information about the way that the world is structured and fits > together. As such it has a well-defined semantics (in terms of a model > theory) that allows us to know precisely what we mean when we use the > constructors in the language to define a particular class of > individuals. > > Turning back to an old example from KR, what does the following mean? > > ------------- --------- > | telephone |--- colour ---| black | > ------------- --------- > > o Telephones are black? > o All telephones are black? > o Telephones can be black? > o There is a telephone which is black? > > The crucial point with OWL is that we have a well-defined notion of > what it means when we say: > > telephone -> all colour black > > i.e. all telephones can *only* have the colour black. Well. Maybe we should use more astronomical examples :) Anyway. I don't see why TM could not express that by using specific topics and associations. Define a topic representing the class "telephone" Define a topic representing the concept "colour' Define a topic representing the colour "black" Define a topic representing the concept "class" Define a topic representing the association type "class_colour" Every one of the above being defined as a Published Subject if possible. Then define an instance of the association-type "class_colour" where "telephone" plays the role of "class" and "black" plays the role of "colour" class_colour (class: "telephone" ; colour: "black") And, at will, constrain the domain of validity of this assertion by a convenient scope, like "1930, USSR" ;-) Is there less semantics in the TM expression than in the OWL expression? Let alone the capacity of the latter to draw inferences ... Bernard ------------------------------------------------------------------- Bernard Vatant Consultant - Mondeca www.mondeca.com Chair - OASIS TM PubSubj Technical Committee www.oasis-open.org/committees/tm-pubsubj/ ------------------------------------------------------------------- From - Fri Oct 4 14:37:58 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g94CO40x000260; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 14:24:04 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g94CO3409412; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 14:24:03 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAkfa4xs; Fri, 4 Oct 02 14:24:02 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g94C4qXY031094 for ; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 05:04:52 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g94C4qYM031092 for semantics-list; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 05:04:52 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from rings.gsfc.nasa.gov (rings.gsfc.nasa.gov [128.183.190.139]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g94C4pXY031089 for ; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 05:04:52 -0700 Received: from rings.gsfc.nasa.gov (rings.gsfc.nasa.gov [128.183.190.139]) by rings.gsfc.nasa.gov (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id IAA00994 for ; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 08:23:41 -0400 (EDT) Message-Id: <200210041223.IAA00994@rings.gsfc.nasa.gov> Date: Fri, 4 Oct 2002 08:23:41 -0400 (EDT) From: Kirk Borne Reply-To: Kirk Borne Subject: Contect Interchange Mediation, etc. To: semantics@us-vo.org MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-MD5: ktKi3Z3j+9bzA3lgAES9uQ== X-Mailer: dtmail 1.3.0 @(#)CDE Version 1.3.5 SunOS 5.7 sun4u sparc Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 1453ac89ece3b2c3bc8870853479ddb1 Hi. FYI ... Stuart Madnick (MIT) presented a very interesting talk at NASA-Goddard this week on intelligent information aggregation. Though he was speaking primarily from a business-world perspective, there were many aspects of his talk that were very relevant to our VO discussions, including aggregators and their related semantics. What are aggregators? Madnick said .... "Aggregators are entities that collect information from a wide range of sources, with or without prior agreement, and add value through post-aggregation services. Major technical challenges relate to the automated and intelligent integration of information. New Web-page extraction tools, context sensitive mediators, and agent technologies have greatly reduced the barriers to constructing aggregators." I found a list of papers by his MIT research group. He mentioned one paper in particular -- "The Misguided Silver Bullet: What XML Will and Will NOT Do to Help Information Integration" -- which is paper number 111 on this interesting list of papers ... http://ebusiness.mit.edu/research/papers-number.html There appear to be a few other interesting-looking papers on information aggregation, semantics, ontologies, and taxonomies. - Kirk +------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+ | Dr. Kirk D. Borne | mailto:Kirk.Borne@gsfc.nasa.gov | | Institute for Science & Technology, Raytheon (IST@R) | | NASA Goddard Space Flight Center | | | Astrophysics Data Facility | Phone: 301-286-0696 | | Code 631 | or 301-286-2772:Kathy Starling | | Greenbelt, MD 20771 | FAX: 301-286-1771 | +------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+ US Virtual Observatory: http://us-vo.org/ Staff page: http://rings.gsfc.nasa.gov/~borne/bio_borne_kirk.html Raytheon ITSS: http://itss.raytheon.com/capabilities/ From - Fri Oct 4 12:16:08 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g94A0A0x029816; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 12:00:10 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g94A09M04791; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 12:00:10 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAOvaWwj; Fri, 4 Oct 02 12:00:09 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g949esXY030731 for ; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 02:40:54 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g949erbg030729 for semantics-list; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 02:40:53 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from m1.cs.man.ac.uk (m1.cs.man.ac.uk [130.88.192.2]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g949eqXY030726 for ; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 02:40:52 -0700 Received: from mailhost by m1.cs.man.ac.uk (8.8.8/AL/MJK-2.0) id KAA03244; Fri, 4 Oct 2002 10:20:06 +0100 (BST) Received: from potato ([130.88.196.149]) by mailhost with esmtp (Exim 3.36 #1) id 17xOcv-0003zP-00; Fri, 04 Oct 2002 10:20:05 +0100 Date: Fri, 4 Oct 2002 10:22:56 +0100 (GMT Daylight Time) From: Sean Bechhofer To: Tony Linde cc: semantics@us-vo.org, Phillip Lord Subject: RE: Where to start (was: Ontology for Dummies) In-Reply-To: <000801c26a13$a77c76b0$b524d28f@bunyip> Message-ID: X-X-Sender: seanb@mailhost.cs.man.ac.uk MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 1bff98483b4c2a011d2ddda507e313df On Wed, 2 Oct 2002, Tony Linde wrote: > Welcome Steve. > > I don't want to spark an OntoWar, but could people (participants and > lurkers alike) say if there is any significant difference between a > topic map approach to ontologies and an OWL (or its ancestors') language > approach. Not sure if I qualify as lurker or participanet, but here goes! I'd certainly like to avoid an OntoWar too -- so it's perhaps worth saying that the following is purely *my* opinion and should not necessarily be taken as representative of the entire DAML+OIL/OWL community. There, that should do it :-). Topic Maps and OWL (hereafter referred to as TM and OWL to save typing) *are* different. This is not to say that one is "better" than the other though -- they are *different*, and are suitable for different purposes. TMs provide a kind of model of "back of the book indexes", a way of indexing particular occurrences of topics or subjects. In my opinion, they are not a framework for representing ontologies (** see below). Again, in the interests of world peace and harmony, this is not intended as a diss or put-down of TMs -- there are other things that TMs will do better than an approach like OWL. OWL is a language and framework for representing ontological knowledge and information about the way that the world is structured and fits together. As such it has a well-defined semantics (in terms of a model theory) that allows us to know precisely what we mean when we use the constructors in the language to define a particular class of individuals. Turning back to an old example from KR, what does the following mean? ------------- --------- | telephone |--- colour ---| black | ------------- --------- o Telephones are black? o All telephones are black? o Telephones can be black? o There is a telephone which is black? The crucial point with OWL is that we have a well-defined notion of what it means when we say: telephone -> all colour black i.e. all telephones can *only* have the colour black. Drawing comparisons between TMs and RDF is not the same as drawing comparisons between TMs and OWL. The language that OWL provides for describing the domain is significantly richer than that provided by RDF(S). RDF(S) effectively provides us with a taxonomic hierarchy and some relationships between classes. We can't actually *define* things or talk about, for example, the class of planets that have particular properties (or at least not in a way that then allows us to draw any *inferences* from that information, which is one of the key aspects of OWL). There's very little inference that can be drawn, other than computing the transitive closure of the hierarchies (i.e. running up and down the subClassOf relationship). As one of my colleagues has pointed out, it's relatively easy in all these representations to put information *in*, but in order to get anything other than non-trivial information *out*, you need the semantics. (**) Of course, we can always get into a discussion about what an ontology is or isn't, which could go on for a long time :-). For the purposes of this discussion though, I'm claiming that an ontology is more than just a taxonomy or hierarchy, but has additional information about the properties or definitions of the classes that you're talking about. This is of course, not to dismiss taxonomies and simple controlled vocabularies -- one can get a long way with such things. If you look at the experiences of the medical and biology communities, however, maintaining and constructing such vocabularies becomes problematic when the models get large. This is where an approach using a richer language and computational support can benefit (e.g. see the experiences of GALEN (http://www.opengalen.org), and more recently using DAML+OIL, GONG (http://gong.man.ac.uk)). Cheers, Sean -- Sean Bechhofer seanb@cs.man.ac.uk http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~seanb From - Thu Oct 3 16:08:04 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g937rmCf008729; Thu, 3 Oct 2002 09:53:48 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g937rls16619; Thu, 3 Oct 2002 09:53:47 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAlAaWCG; Thu, 3 Oct 02 09:53:46 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g937YnXY026367 for ; Thu, 3 Oct 2002 00:34:49 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g937YnnA026365 for semantics-list; Thu, 3 Oct 2002 00:34:49 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from sandbox.ontopia.net (g-26-oslo.opera.com [193.69.113.26] (may be forged)) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g937YlXY026362 for ; Thu, 3 Oct 2002 00:34:48 -0700 Received: from g-28-oslo.opera.com (chili.ontopia.net) [193.69.113.28] by sandbox.ontopia.net with esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) id 17x0nM-0001Wy-00; Thu, 03 Oct 2002 09:53:16 +0200 Message-Id: <5.1.0.14.2.20021003094040.00a48b20@mail.ontopia.net> X-Sender: pepper@mail.ontopia.net X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 Date: Thu, 03 Oct 2002 09:52:43 +0200 To: From: Steve Pepper Subject: RE: Where to start (was: Ontology for Dummies) In-Reply-To: <000801c26a13$a77c76b0$b524d28f@bunyip> References: <5.1.0.14.2.20021002123422.024c3870@mail.ontopia.net> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; format=flowed Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 3d8fb28a0e1204c5cdb8291720fc578f At 14:00 02/10/02 +0100, Tony Linde wrote: >I don't want to spark an OntoWar, Good, because I for one wouldn't participate :-) >but could people (participants and >lurkers alike) say if there is any significant difference between a >topic map approach to ontologies and an OWL (or its ancestors') language >approach. There are differences, but I don't believe they are significant for the VO work at this stage. Although Ontopia is a topic map company, our philosophy is to look for synergies; for example, we often use RDF in combination with topic maps. The reason we can do so is because we use published subjects to establish semantics in a manner that works across various formalisms. For those that are interested, I have tried to summarize some thoughts on the relationship between topic maps and RDF in my "Ten Theses on Topic Maps and RDF" at http://www.ontopia.net/topicmaps/materials/rdf.html Steve -- Steve Pepper, Chief Executive Officer Convenor, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC34/WG3 Editor, XTM (XML Topic Maps) Ontopia AS, Waldemar Thranes gt. 98, N-0175 Oslo, Norway. http://www.ontopia.net/ phone: +47-23233080 GSM: +47-90827246 From - Wed Oct 2 17:44:25 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g92ES96l008500; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 16:28:09 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g92ERO915070; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 16:27:24 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAASJaOBD; Wed, 2 Oct 02 16:27:24 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g92E9IXY023608 for ; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 07:09:18 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g92E9IgR023606 for semantics-list; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 07:09:18 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from apollo.le.ac.uk (ntp2b.le.ac.uk [143.210.16.125]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g92E9GXY023603 for ; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 07:09:17 -0700 Received: from mail.star.le.ac.uk ([143.210.36.58] helo=happy.star.le.ac.uk) by apollo.le.ac.uk with smtp (Exim 3.16 #1) id 17wkTb-0006h5-00 for semantics@us-vo.org; Wed, 02 Oct 2002 15:27:47 +0100 Received: (qmail 7480 invoked from network); 2 Oct 2002 14:28:11 -0000 Received: from bunyip.star.le.ac.uk (HELO bunyip) (143.210.36.181) by print.star.le.ac.uk with SMTP; 2 Oct 2002 14:28:11 -0000 Reply-To: From: "Tony Linde" To: Subject: RE: Where to start (was: Ontology for Dummies) Date: Wed, 2 Oct 2002 15:27:42 +0100 Organization: University of Leicester Message-ID: <000d01c26a1f$de686830$b524d28f@bunyip> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.3416 In-Reply-To: <00ca01c26a1d$f4e66190$1c92d783@cacr.caltech.edu> X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Importance: Normal Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 523a70f8531da272f22b2c836048fb10 Roy et al, My own goal (apart from those of engaging in stimulating discussion and enjoying the virtual company of interesting people!) from the work that lies behind and drives this discussion is to demonstrate the practical applicability of an ontological approach to: - VO Registry: - a sort of cross between your (1) & (3) - VO Workflow - bit like your (2) - but more expert guidance in putting jobs together But to do any of this, I think, requires more knowledge about ontologies (like the ontological distance discussion) and then some help in setting up the trials. Cheers, Tony. > -----Original Message----- > From: owner-semantics@us-vo.org > [mailto:owner-semantics@us-vo.org] On Behalf Of Roy Williams > Sent: 02 October 2002 15:13 > To: semantics@us-vo.org > Subject: Re: Where to start (was: Ontology for Dummies) > > > Tony et al > > What I am looking for from this discussion is a project that > brings together astronomical data and what I will call > Knowledge Engineering. Something where a 6-month effort by > one person leads to a demo where the viewer would be a bit > impressed at what the Virtual Observatory can do, (even if > that person is still an astronomer in the Fortran club!) > > It may be that the topics under management are: > > (1) Physical objects, such as galaxies. Of course NED and > Simbad already do a good job there, and they have been doing > that for years. Is there a capability that can be added to NED? > > (2) Data types a la UCD. "Find me services that consume > Orbital Eccentricity and also a Light Curve". "Given a table > that has Johnson Photometry, can this be converted to Gunn > Photometry?" > > (3) Services and Published Data -- a VO registry. Yellow > pages and classifications of data providers and their data, > but without employing a full-time librarian. How can someone > publish their own data/services into this system? > > How can we see something good from Knowledge Engineering > without investing many years and millions of currency units? > > Roy > > --------- > Caltech Center for Advanced Computing Research > mail roy@cacr.caltech.edu > voice +1 626 395 3670 > From - Wed Oct 2 17:44:25 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g92EDU6l006141; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 16:13:30 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g92ECjY14157; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 16:12:45 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAL4aGPB; Wed, 2 Oct 02 16:12:44 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g92DshXY023564 for ; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 06:54:43 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g92DshSt023562 for semantics-list; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 06:54:43 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from smtp1.linkline.com (smtp1.linkline.com [192.216.128.16]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g92DsgXY023559 for ; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 06:54:43 -0700 Received: from ROXY (dsl-pb-1504.linkline.com [64.30.223.60]) by smtp1.linkline.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 1E88E36E720 for ; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 07:13:12 -0700 (PDT) Message-ID: <00ca01c26a1d$f4e66190$1c92d783@cacr.caltech.edu> From: "Roy Williams" To: References: <000901c26a1a$1ded7370$b524d28f@bunyip> Subject: Re: Where to start (was: Ontology for Dummies) Date: Wed, 2 Oct 2002 07:13:11 -0700 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: bd22dddc0bd7c7724f2be1a82d06801b Tony et al What I am looking for from this discussion is a project that brings together astronomical data and what I will call Knowledge Engineering. Something where a 6-month effort by one person leads to a demo where the viewer would be a bit impressed at what the Virtual Observatory can do, (even if that person is still an astronomer in the Fortran club!) It may be that the topics under management are: (1) Physical objects, such as galaxies. Of course NED and Simbad already do a good job there, and they have been doing that for years. Is there a capability that can be added to NED? (2) Data types a la UCD. "Find me services that consume Orbital Eccentricity and also a Light Curve". "Given a table that has Johnson Photometry, can this be converted to Gunn Photometry?" (3) Services and Published Data -- a VO registry. Yellow pages and classifications of data providers and their data, but without employing a full-time librarian. How can someone publish their own data/services into this system? How can we see something good from Knowledge Engineering without investing many years and millions of currency units? Roy --------- Caltech Center for Advanced Computing Research mail roy@cacr.caltech.edu voice +1 626 395 3670 From - Wed Oct 2 17:44:25 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g92DoF6l002158; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 15:50:15 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g92DnUB12884; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 15:49:30 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAHyaykz; Wed, 2 Oct 02 15:49:30 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g92DVTXY023502 for ; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 06:31:29 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g92DVTBG023500 for semantics-list; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 06:31:29 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from rings.gsfc.nasa.gov (rings.gsfc.nasa.gov [128.183.190.139]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g92DVSXY023497 for ; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 06:31:28 -0700 Received: from rings.gsfc.nasa.gov (rings.gsfc.nasa.gov [128.183.190.139]) by rings.gsfc.nasa.gov (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id JAA26287; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 09:49:56 -0400 (EDT) Message-Id: <200210021349.JAA26287@rings.gsfc.nasa.gov> Date: Wed, 2 Oct 2002 09:49:56 -0400 (EDT) From: Kirk Borne Reply-To: Kirk Borne Subject: RE: Where to start (was: Ontology for Dummies) To: tol@star.le.ac.uk Cc: semantics@us-vo.org MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-MD5: ENZaeWqEpYwhQghrRViyzw== X-Mailer: dtmail 1.3.0 @(#)CDE Version 1.3.5 SunOS 5.7 sun4u sparc Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 6e3487e90d3c250b98a5fcbac511e830 Thank you Tony. I can live with that, and (in fact) that is what I had hoped to receive from this list. - Kirk > From: "Tony Linde" > To: > Subject: RE: Where to start (was: Ontology for Dummies) > Date: Wed, 2 Oct 2002 14:46:32 +0100 > > Kirk, the mailing list was partly set up as the latter. But the problems > we face and our need for practical solutions are the same as those of > any other scientific project looking at the issue of ontologies. It is > natural that we should work with other branches of e-Science. > (Especially in the case of AstroGrid; we have close links with myGrid, a > bioinformatics project under the same umbrella of 'UK e-Science'.) > > If this interworking means that we have to explain a little astronomy to > the bioinformaticians and they have to explain some genetics in return > then that can only be to our mutual benefit. > > Cheers, > Tony. > __ > Tony Linde Phone: +44 (0)116 223 1292 > AstroGrid Project Manager Fax: +44 (0)116 252 3311 > Dept of Physics & Astronomy Mobile: +44 (0)7753 603356 > University of Leicester Email: tol@star.le.ac.uk > Leicester, UK LE1 7RH Web: http://www.astrogrid.org > > > > -----Original Message----- > > From: Kirk Borne [mailto:borne@rings.gsfc.nasa.gov] > > Sent: 02 October 2002 14:12 > > To: semantics@us-vo.org; tol@star.le.ac.uk > > Cc: seanb@cs.man.ac.uk; p.lord@russet.org.uk > > Subject: RE: Where to start (was: Ontology for Dummies) > > > > > > Hi. As a 'lurker', I would like to ask : is this a mailing > > list for Ontology/Semantics discussions or is it a list for > > Virtual Observatory discussions related to > > ontology/semantics? I thought that it was the latter. > > > > - Kirk > > +------------------------------------+------------------------ > > -------------+ > > | Dr. Kirk D. Borne | > > mailto:Kirk.Borne@gsfc.nasa.gov | > > | Institute for Science & Technology, Raytheon (IST@R) > > | > > | NASA Goddard Space Flight Center | > > | > > | Astrophysics Data Facility | Phone: 301-286-0696 > > | > > | Code 631 | or > > 301-286-2772:Kathy Starling | > > | Greenbelt, MD 20771 | FAX: 301-286-1771 > > | > > +------------------------------------+------------------------ > > -------------+ > > US Virtual Observatory: http://us-vo.org/ > > Staff page: > > http://rings.gsfc.nasa.gov/~borne/bio_borne_kirk.html > > Raytheon ITSS: http://itss.raytheon.com/capabilities/ > > > > > > > From: "Tony Linde" > > > To: > > > Cc: "'seanb'" , "Phillip Lord" > > > > > > Subject: RE: Where to start (was: Ontology for Dummies) > > > Date: Wed, 2 Oct 2002 14:00:16 +0100 > > > > > > Welcome Steve. > > > > > > I don't want to spark an OntoWar, but could people > > (participants and > > > lurkers alike) say if there is any significant difference between a > > > topic map approach to ontologies and an OWL (or its ancestors') > > > language approach. > > > > > > Are there other approaches of significance? > > > > > > Cheers, > > > Tony. > > > > > > > -----Original Message----- > > > > From: owner-semantics@us-vo.org > > > > [mailto:owner-semantics@us-vo.org] On Behalf Of Steve Pepper > > > > Sent: 02 October 2002 12:47 > > > > To: semantics@us-vo.org > > > > Subject: Where to start (was: Ontology for Dummies) > > > > > > > > > > > > Thanks to Ashish Mahabal for bringing this forum to my attention. > > > > > > > > Tony Linde wrote (about "Ontology for Dummies"): > > > > >I know, there isn't such a book, so what can we (the > > > > non-experts) have > > > > >to get us up to speed. Can we come up with suggested texts > > > > that would > > > > >take a non-expert from basics through to understanding why > > > > and how to > > > > >encode a subject domain ontology and why and how to use > > it in one > > > > >or > > > > >more applications. > > > > > > > > Here are a couple of papers that I've found useful: > > > > > > > > * Deborah McGuinness' chapter in the forthcoming "Spinning > > > > the Semantic > > > > Web", called "Ontologies Come of Age": > > > > > > > > > > > > http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/people/dlm/papers/ontologies-come- > > > > of-age-mit-press-(with-citation).htm > > > > > > > > * "Ontology Development 101: A Guide to Creating Your > > First Ontology" > > > > by Natalya F. Noy and Deborah L. McGuinness > > > > > > > > > > > > http://protege.stanford.edu/publications/ontology_development/ > > > > ontology101-noy-mcguinness.html > > > > > > > > I don't know of anything that discusses ontology design with > > > > specific reference to topic maps (apart from internal course > > > > material here at Ontopia), but the principles are pretty > > > > simple. If you've read "The TAO of Topic Maps" [1] you know > > > > that the core concepts in topic maps are Topics, > > > > Associations, and Occurrences (hence "TAO"). Each of these > > > > can be classified by type (topic types, association types, > > > > occurrence types) > > > > - and types are themselves also topics... > > > > > > > > Thus "Puccini" is a topic of type "composer", and "composer" > > > > is also a topic. The association (relationship) between the > > > > topic "Puccini" and the topic "Tosca" (which is of type > > > > "opera") is of type "composed by", which is also a topic. An > > > > information resource containing the libretto of Tosca would > > > > be an occurrence (of type "libretto") of the topic "Tosca". > > > > > > > > In this example, the (typing) topics "composer", "opera", > > > > "composed by" and "libretto" constitute the ontology -- or > > > > what some people term the "upper ontology". The "lower > > > > ontology" consists of the individuals, "Puccini", "Tosca" etc. > > > > > > > > (Apologies for not being able to give you examples from your > > > > own domain: The only "stars" I am familiar with are ones like > > > > Maria Callas and Pavarotti :-) > > > > > > > > It seems to me (correct me if I am wrong!) that what this > > > > initiative needs is > > > > > > > > (1) agreement, as far as possible, on a common upper > > ontology and how > > > > to *identify* the classes it consists of > > > > (2) agreement on how to identify a useful common subset of known > > > > individuals, but without (necessarily) assigning those > > > > individuals > > > > to classes (since this might be controversial). > > > > > > > > As soon as you have that, everyone can start making their own > > > > assertions about any of the subjects in question in such a > > > > way that knowledge about them can be aggregated, shared > > and reused. > > > > > > > > I would advise you to apply the KISS principle. You will > > > > experience an almost irresistible temptation to bite off more > > > > than you can chew, to "overmodel", to get embroiled in > > > > endless discussions about almost unresolvable details. Resist > > > > that temptation! Agree on the minimal common subset that is > > > > actually useful and extend it later as necessary. In > > > > particular, don't bother at this stage to try and express > > > > complex constraints on the classes you identify for the upper > > > > ontology. > > > > > > > > Finally, I would advise you to look seriously at the > > > > Published Subject initiatives taking place under the auspices > > > > of OASIS: > > > > > > > http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/tm-pubsubj/ > > > > > > You will achieve a lot in a short time if you concentrate > > on defining > > > published subjects for your upper and lower ontologies. Among other > > > things, it will make the choice of knowledge representation > > formalism > > > less important, since published subjects allow multiple > > formalisms to > > > interoperate. If anyone is interested in pursuing such a > > course, say > > > so (in a new thread) and Bernard Vatant and I can explain how to go > > > about it. > > > > > > I wish you luck in your endeavours and will continue to > > lurk here in > > > case I can be of use. > > > > > > Steve > > > > > > [1] http://www.ontopia.net/topicmaps/materials/tao.html > > > > > > -- > > > Steve Pepper, Chief Executive Officer > > Convenor, > > > ISO/IEC JTC1/SC34/WG3 Editor, XTM (XML Topic Maps) Ontopia AS, > > > Waldemar Thranes gt. 98, N-0175 Oslo, Norway. > http://www.ontopia.net/ > > phone: > > +47-23233080 GSM: +47-90827246 From - Wed Oct 2 17:44:25 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g92Dkx6l001654; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 15:47:00 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g92DkF512701; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 15:46:15 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAqLayZy; Wed, 2 Oct 02 15:46:14 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g92DS7XY023473 for ; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 06:28:07 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g92DS7Xf023471 for semantics-list; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 06:28:07 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from apollo.le.ac.uk (ntp2b.le.ac.uk [143.210.16.125]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g92DS6XY023468 for ; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 06:28:06 -0700 Received: from mail.star.le.ac.uk ([143.210.36.58] helo=happy.star.le.ac.uk) by apollo.le.ac.uk with smtp (Exim 3.16 #1) id 17wjpl-0005oU-00 for semantics@us-vo.org; Wed, 02 Oct 2002 14:46:37 +0100 Received: (qmail 4229 invoked from network); 2 Oct 2002 13:47:00 -0000 Received: from bunyip.star.le.ac.uk (HELO bunyip) (143.210.36.181) by print.star.le.ac.uk with SMTP; 2 Oct 2002 13:47:00 -0000 Reply-To: From: "Tony Linde" To: Subject: RE: Where to start (was: Ontology for Dummies) Date: Wed, 2 Oct 2002 14:46:32 +0100 Organization: University of Leicester Message-ID: <000901c26a1a$1ded7370$b524d28f@bunyip> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.3416 In-Reply-To: <200210021311.JAA26190@rings.gsfc.nasa.gov> X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Importance: Normal Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 433a87d1e5e69d2ddd08bffb980a7ff9 Kirk, the mailing list was partly set up as the latter. But the problems we face and our need for practical solutions are the same as those of any other scientific project looking at the issue of ontologies. It is natural that we should work with other branches of e-Science. (Especially in the case of AstroGrid; we have close links with myGrid, a bioinformatics project under the same umbrella of 'UK e-Science'.) If this interworking means that we have to explain a little astronomy to the bioinformaticians and they have to explain some genetics in return then that can only be to our mutual benefit. Cheers, Tony. __ Tony Linde Phone: +44 (0)116 223 1292 AstroGrid Project Manager Fax: +44 (0)116 252 3311 Dept of Physics & Astronomy Mobile: +44 (0)7753 603356 University of Leicester Email: tol@star.le.ac.uk Leicester, UK LE1 7RH Web: http://www.astrogrid.org > -----Original Message----- > From: Kirk Borne [mailto:borne@rings.gsfc.nasa.gov] > Sent: 02 October 2002 14:12 > To: semantics@us-vo.org; tol@star.le.ac.uk > Cc: seanb@cs.man.ac.uk; p.lord@russet.org.uk > Subject: RE: Where to start (was: Ontology for Dummies) > > > Hi. As a 'lurker', I would like to ask : is this a mailing > list for Ontology/Semantics discussions or is it a list for > Virtual Observatory discussions related to > ontology/semantics? I thought that it was the latter. > > - Kirk > +------------------------------------+------------------------ > -------------+ > | Dr. Kirk D. Borne | > mailto:Kirk.Borne@gsfc.nasa.gov | > | Institute for Science & Technology, Raytheon (IST@R) > | > | NASA Goddard Space Flight Center | > | > | Astrophysics Data Facility | Phone: 301-286-0696 > | > | Code 631 | or > 301-286-2772:Kathy Starling | > | Greenbelt, MD 20771 | FAX: 301-286-1771 > | > +------------------------------------+------------------------ > -------------+ > US Virtual Observatory: http://us-vo.org/ > Staff page: > http://rings.gsfc.nasa.gov/~borne/bio_borne_kirk.html > Raytheon ITSS: http://itss.raytheon.com/capabilities/ > > > > From: "Tony Linde" > > To: > > Cc: "'seanb'" , "Phillip Lord" > > > > Subject: RE: Where to start (was: Ontology for Dummies) > > Date: Wed, 2 Oct 2002 14:00:16 +0100 > > > > Welcome Steve. > > > > I don't want to spark an OntoWar, but could people > (participants and > > lurkers alike) say if there is any significant difference between a > > topic map approach to ontologies and an OWL (or its ancestors') > > language approach. > > > > Are there other approaches of significance? > > > > Cheers, > > Tony. > > > > > -----Original Message----- > > > From: owner-semantics@us-vo.org > > > [mailto:owner-semantics@us-vo.org] On Behalf Of Steve Pepper > > > Sent: 02 October 2002 12:47 > > > To: semantics@us-vo.org > > > Subject: Where to start (was: Ontology for Dummies) > > > > > > > > > Thanks to Ashish Mahabal for bringing this forum to my attention. > > > > > > Tony Linde wrote (about "Ontology for Dummies"): > > > >I know, there isn't such a book, so what can we (the > > > non-experts) have > > > >to get us up to speed. Can we come up with suggested texts > > > that would > > > >take a non-expert from basics through to understanding why > > > and how to > > > >encode a subject domain ontology and why and how to use > it in one > > > >or > > > >more applications. > > > > > > Here are a couple of papers that I've found useful: > > > > > > * Deborah McGuinness' chapter in the forthcoming "Spinning > > > the Semantic > > > Web", called "Ontologies Come of Age": > > > > > > > > > http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/people/dlm/papers/ontologies-come- > > > of-age-mit-press-(with-citation).htm > > > > > > * "Ontology Development 101: A Guide to Creating Your > First Ontology" > > > by Natalya F. Noy and Deborah L. McGuinness > > > > > > > > > http://protege.stanford.edu/publications/ontology_development/ > > > ontology101-noy-mcguinness.html > > > > > > I don't know of anything that discusses ontology design with > > > specific reference to topic maps (apart from internal course > > > material here at Ontopia), but the principles are pretty > > > simple. If you've read "The TAO of Topic Maps" [1] you know > > > that the core concepts in topic maps are Topics, > > > Associations, and Occurrences (hence "TAO"). Each of these > > > can be classified by type (topic types, association types, > > > occurrence types) > > > - and types are themselves also topics... > > > > > > Thus "Puccini" is a topic of type "composer", and "composer" > > > is also a topic. The association (relationship) between the > > > topic "Puccini" and the topic "Tosca" (which is of type > > > "opera") is of type "composed by", which is also a topic. An > > > information resource containing the libretto of Tosca would > > > be an occurrence (of type "libretto") of the topic "Tosca". > > > > > > In this example, the (typing) topics "composer", "opera", > > > "composed by" and "libretto" constitute the ontology -- or > > > what some people term the "upper ontology". The "lower > > > ontology" consists of the individuals, "Puccini", "Tosca" etc. > > > > > > (Apologies for not being able to give you examples from your > > > own domain: The only "stars" I am familiar with are ones like > > > Maria Callas and Pavarotti :-) > > > > > > It seems to me (correct me if I am wrong!) that what this > > > initiative needs is > > > > > > (1) agreement, as far as possible, on a common upper > ontology and how > > > to *identify* the classes it consists of > > > (2) agreement on how to identify a useful common subset of known > > > individuals, but without (necessarily) assigning those > > > individuals > > > to classes (since this might be controversial). > > > > > > As soon as you have that, everyone can start making their own > > > assertions about any of the subjects in question in such a > > > way that knowledge about them can be aggregated, shared > and reused. > > > > > > I would advise you to apply the KISS principle. You will > > > experience an almost irresistible temptation to bite off more > > > than you can chew, to "overmodel", to get embroiled in > > > endless discussions about almost unresolvable details. Resist > > > that temptation! Agree on the minimal common subset that is > > > actually useful and extend it later as necessary. In > > > particular, don't bother at this stage to try and express > > > complex constraints on the classes you identify for the upper > > > ontology. > > > > > > Finally, I would advise you to look seriously at the > > > Published Subject initiatives taking place under the auspices > > > of OASIS: > > > > > http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/tm-pubsubj/ > > > > You will achieve a lot in a short time if you concentrate > on defining > > published subjects for your upper and lower ontologies. Among other > > things, it will make the choice of knowledge representation > formalism > > less important, since published subjects allow multiple > formalisms to > > interoperate. If anyone is interested in pursuing such a > course, say > > so (in a new thread) and Bernard Vatant and I can explain how to go > > about it. > > > > I wish you luck in your endeavours and will continue to > lurk here in > > case I can be of use. > > > > Steve > > > > [1] http://www.ontopia.net/topicmaps/materials/tao.html > > > > -- > > Steve Pepper, Chief Executive Officer > Convenor, > > ISO/IEC JTC1/SC34/WG3 Editor, XTM (XML Topic Maps) Ontopia AS, > > Waldemar Thranes gt. 98, N-0175 Oslo, Norway. http://www.ontopia.net/ > phone: > +47-23233080 GSM: +47-90827246 From - Wed Oct 2 10:56:02 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g8UH6TgF010082; Mon, 30 Sep 2002 19:06:29 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g8UH5is15757; Mon, 30 Sep 2002 19:05:44 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAASpayXE; Mon, 30 Sep 02 19:05:43 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8UGlsXY015454 for ; Mon, 30 Sep 2002 09:47:54 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g8UGlriJ015452 for semantics-list; Mon, 30 Sep 2002 09:47:53 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from postal.sdsc.edu (IDENT:4msDpunBwBFfs7pRAx/FTJAtfBGWO+xi@postal.sdsc.edu [132.249.20.114]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8UGlrXY015448 for ; Mon, 30 Sep 2002 09:47:53 -0700 Received: (from moore@localhost) by postal.sdsc.edu (8.11.6/8.11.6/server/48) id g8UH5xn27902; Mon, 30 Sep 2002 10:05:59 -0700 (PDT) Mime-Version: 1.0 X-Sender: moore@pop.sdsc.edu Message-Id: In-Reply-To: References: Date: Sat, 28 Sep 2002 17:54:39 -0700 To: Anita Richards From: Reagan Moore Subject: Re: Taxonomy issues Cc: semantics@us-vo.org Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" ; format="flowed" Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 59f77cacf7e3dd9ec10ac47b4f0d3235 Anita: You are correctly describing the situation. One approach is to characterize semantic labels by the community that uses a particular definition. This allows definitions to change in time and to change between communities. A second approach is provide a "learning context" (term used in the education community) for each semantic label. The "learning context" defines the related semantic labels and identifies relationships between the labels that are appropriate for a particular community. In the education context, a semantic label such as "sun" has a less sophisticated meaning when presented in the 3rd grade, than it does as a graduate student. The "learning context" is a function of the level of sophistication of the student. Similarly, the "learning context" for terms in astronomy depend upon the particular sub-discipline. An ontology can be used to define the different "learning contexts" associated with the semantic labels used by each of the sub-disciplines, without requiring that everyone agree on a single exact meaning for each term. Reagan Moore >Thanks to Carole and Sean, I think I understand what I was trying to say >earlier better now.... > > >> Of course in biology there are different classifications and >> definitions -- there is no standard definition for what a gene is for >> example. DAML+OIL allows multiple definitions, and will report on >> definitions that are inconsistent. What you do then is an interesting >> story. And it depends on what you want to use the ontology / taxonomy >> for. > >It is much worse in astronomy though because no-one dies or even sues if >we define something in ten different ways... So I do not think the people >constructing ontologies should have to sort out genuine inconsistencies >(just avoid accidentally creating more ourselves!) > >> So, onto the subject of contradictions and inconsistency. I say that >> all Widgets are blue, while you think that Widgets are red. So in our >> ontology, I say: >> >> Widget -> colour blue >> >> and you say >> >> Widget -> colour red >> >> If we also have some constraints that say that blue and red are >> mutually exclusive, then we have arrived at a contradiction. > >This implies that we should avoid mutually exclusive definitions within an >ontology for astronomy, because people can disagree about definitions, or >definitions can change with time. For example, an optical astronomer >might say that all stars with an emission line at 500 nm is a green fairy, >and those with a line at 700 nm are red fairies. A radio astromoner might >then use an insensitive survey to find that only red fairies had radio >emission and classify all radio stars as red fairies. However if green >fairies do have weak radio emission, some radio stars in a more sensitive >survey could be misclassified. > >So, suppose a star cannot actually be both, we (as in the ontology >authors) do not want to have to decide, and we do not want to throw out >the information either. > >I suppose this is really the 'individual' case, but there are also cases >of contradictory definitions of precisely measured properties, e.g. >whether a red fairy is a variable star with a period of <400 days or <350 >days and a green fairy has a period of >400 or >350 days..... > >But I think the implications for an ontology user are the same: if I was >searching for all the green fairies in a galaxy, I would want a warning >about those which were classified as red and as green in radio and optical >catalogues respectively as well as those which were classified according >to an ambiguous definition (periods of around 375 days). > >What I think would be useful is if we could constrain properties to be >"contradictory" as a description, of perhaps just as "linked", so that any >query which involved returning a description or list of (a) green >fairy(ies) would automatically note any also classified as red.... > >> One solution to this is to use the classification as a "conceptual >> coat rack" and hang "extralogical" information off it. This is the >> kind of thing that the RuleML initiative is aimed at. This then allows >> us to state things about OWL classes that are not necessarily part of >> the ontological or intensional definition of the class, but which we >> want to make available to applications. > >Um, is that similar to what I am suggesting above? > > > >- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - >Dr. Anita M. S. Richards, AVO Astronomer >MERLIN/VLBI National Facility, University of Manchester, >Jodrell Bank Observatory, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK11 9DL, U.K. >tel +44 (0)1477 572683 (direct); 571321 (switchboard); 571618 (fax). From - Wed Oct 2 17:44:25 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g92DCFYI025897; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 15:12:16 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g92DBV510822; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 15:11:31 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAA5Zayiv; Wed, 2 Oct 02 15:11:30 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g92CrUXY023158 for ; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 05:53:30 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g92CrUMU023156 for semantics-list; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 05:53:30 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from rings.gsfc.nasa.gov (rings.gsfc.nasa.gov [128.183.190.139]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g92CrTXY023153 for ; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 05:53:29 -0700 Received: from rings.gsfc.nasa.gov (rings.gsfc.nasa.gov [128.183.190.139]) by rings.gsfc.nasa.gov (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id JAA26190; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 09:11:59 -0400 (EDT) Message-Id: <200210021311.JAA26190@rings.gsfc.nasa.gov> Date: Wed, 2 Oct 2002 09:11:59 -0400 (EDT) From: Kirk Borne Reply-To: Kirk Borne Subject: RE: Where to start (was: Ontology for Dummies) To: semantics@us-vo.org, tol@star.le.ac.uk Cc: seanb@cs.man.ac.uk, p.lord@russet.org.uk MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-MD5: B4HcCI22qq9K3pYe9wbM3w== X-Mailer: dtmail 1.3.0 @(#)CDE Version 1.3.5 SunOS 5.7 sun4u sparc Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 24e90276037d78c0fe7a22a6069288a1 Hi. As a 'lurker', I would like to ask : is this a mailing list for Ontology/Semantics discussions or is it a list for Virtual Observatory discussions related to ontology/semantics? I thought that it was the latter. - Kirk +------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+ | Dr. Kirk D. Borne | mailto:Kirk.Borne@gsfc.nasa.gov | | Institute for Science & Technology, Raytheon (IST@R) | | NASA Goddard Space Flight Center | | | Astrophysics Data Facility | Phone: 301-286-0696 | | Code 631 | or 301-286-2772:Kathy Starling | | Greenbelt, MD 20771 | FAX: 301-286-1771 | +------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+ US Virtual Observatory: http://us-vo.org/ Staff page: http://rings.gsfc.nasa.gov/~borne/bio_borne_kirk.html Raytheon ITSS: http://itss.raytheon.com/capabilities/ > From: "Tony Linde" > To: > Cc: "'seanb'" , "Phillip Lord" > Subject: RE: Where to start (was: Ontology for Dummies) > Date: Wed, 2 Oct 2002 14:00:16 +0100 > > Welcome Steve. > > I don't want to spark an OntoWar, but could people (participants and > lurkers alike) say if there is any significant difference between a > topic map approach to ontologies and an OWL (or its ancestors') language > approach. > > Are there other approaches of significance? > > Cheers, > Tony. > > > -----Original Message----- > > From: owner-semantics@us-vo.org > > [mailto:owner-semantics@us-vo.org] On Behalf Of Steve Pepper > > Sent: 02 October 2002 12:47 > > To: semantics@us-vo.org > > Subject: Where to start (was: Ontology for Dummies) > > > > > > Thanks to Ashish Mahabal for bringing this forum to my attention. > > > > Tony Linde wrote (about "Ontology for Dummies"): > > >I know, there isn't such a book, so what can we (the > > non-experts) have > > >to get us up to speed. Can we come up with suggested texts > > that would > > >take a non-expert from basics through to understanding why > > and how to > > >encode a subject domain ontology and why and how to use it in one or > > >more applications. > > > > Here are a couple of papers that I've found useful: > > > > * Deborah McGuinness' chapter in the forthcoming "Spinning > > the Semantic > > Web", called "Ontologies Come of Age": > > > > > > http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/people/dlm/papers/ontologies-come- > > of-age-mit-press-(with-citation).htm > > > > * "Ontology Development 101: A Guide to Creating Your First Ontology" > > by Natalya F. Noy and Deborah L. McGuinness > > > > > > http://protege.stanford.edu/publications/ontology_development/ > > ontology101-noy-mcguinness.html > > > > I don't know of anything that discusses ontology design with > > specific reference to topic maps (apart from internal course > > material here at Ontopia), but the principles are pretty > > simple. If you've read "The TAO of Topic Maps" [1] you know > > that the core concepts in topic maps are Topics, > > Associations, and Occurrences (hence "TAO"). Each of these > > can be classified by type (topic types, association types, > > occurrence types) > > - and types are themselves also topics... > > > > Thus "Puccini" is a topic of type "composer", and "composer" > > is also a topic. The association (relationship) between the > > topic "Puccini" and the topic "Tosca" (which is of type > > "opera") is of type "composed by", which is also a topic. An > > information resource containing the libretto of Tosca would > > be an occurrence (of type "libretto") of the topic "Tosca". > > > > In this example, the (typing) topics "composer", "opera", > > "composed by" and "libretto" constitute the ontology -- or > > what some people term the "upper ontology". The "lower > > ontology" consists of the individuals, "Puccini", "Tosca" etc. > > > > (Apologies for not being able to give you examples from your > > own domain: The only "stars" I am familiar with are ones like > > Maria Callas and Pavarotti :-) > > > > It seems to me (correct me if I am wrong!) that what this > > initiative needs is > > > > (1) agreement, as far as possible, on a common upper ontology and how > > to *identify* the classes it consists of > > (2) agreement on how to identify a useful common subset of known > > individuals, but without (necessarily) assigning those > > individuals > > to classes (since this might be controversial). > > > > As soon as you have that, everyone can start making their own > > assertions about any of the subjects in question in such a > > way that knowledge about them can be aggregated, shared and reused. > > > > I would advise you to apply the KISS principle. You will > > experience an almost irresistible temptation to bite off more > > than you can chew, to "overmodel", to get embroiled in > > endless discussions about almost unresolvable details. Resist > > that temptation! Agree on the minimal common subset that is > > actually useful and extend it later as necessary. In > > particular, don't bother at this stage to try and express > > complex constraints on the classes you identify for the upper > > ontology. > > > > Finally, I would advise you to look seriously at the > > Published Subject initiatives taking place under the auspices > > of OASIS: > > > http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/tm-pubsubj/ > > You will achieve a lot in a short time if you concentrate on defining > published subjects for your upper and lower ontologies. Among other > things, it will make the choice of knowledge representation formalism > less important, since published subjects allow multiple formalisms to > interoperate. If anyone is interested in pursuing such a course, say so > (in a new thread) and Bernard Vatant and I can explain how to go about > it. > > I wish you luck in your endeavours and will continue to lurk here in > case I can be of use. > > Steve > > [1] http://www.ontopia.net/topicmaps/materials/tao.html > > -- > Steve Pepper, Chief Executive Officer Convenor, > ISO/IEC JTC1/SC34/WG3 Editor, XTM (XML Topic Maps) Ontopia AS, Waldemar > Thranes gt. 98, N-0175 Oslo, Norway. http://www.ontopia.net/ phone: > +47-23233080 GSM: +47-90827246 From - Wed Oct 2 15:17:18 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g92D0gYI023868; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 15:00:43 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g92CxwL10200; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 14:59:58 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAYOa46t; Wed, 2 Oct 02 14:59:57 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g92CfqXY023120 for ; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 05:41:52 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g92CfqrS023118 for semantics-list; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 05:41:52 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from apollo.le.ac.uk (ntp2b.le.ac.uk [143.210.16.125]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g92CfpXY023115 for ; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 05:41:51 -0700 Received: from mail.star.le.ac.uk ([143.210.36.58] helo=happy.star.le.ac.uk) by apollo.le.ac.uk with smtp (Exim 3.16 #1) id 17wj6z-0004pa-00 for semantics@us-vo.org; Wed, 02 Oct 2002 14:00:21 +0100 Received: (qmail 29506 invoked from network); 2 Oct 2002 13:00:44 -0000 Received: from bunyip.star.le.ac.uk (HELO bunyip) (143.210.36.181) by print.star.le.ac.uk with SMTP; 2 Oct 2002 13:00:44 -0000 Reply-To: From: "Tony Linde" To: Cc: "'seanb'" , "Phillip Lord" Subject: RE: Where to start (was: Ontology for Dummies) Date: Wed, 2 Oct 2002 14:00:16 +0100 Organization: University of Leicester Message-ID: <000801c26a13$a77c76b0$b524d28f@bunyip> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.3416 In-Reply-To: <5.1.0.14.2.20021002123422.024c3870@mail.ontopia.net> X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Importance: Normal Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 4a69ac6212b0cf8ad3d49c3c6f6a2c3c Welcome Steve. I don't want to spark an OntoWar, but could people (participants and lurkers alike) say if there is any significant difference between a topic map approach to ontologies and an OWL (or its ancestors') language approach. Are there other approaches of significance? Cheers, Tony. > -----Original Message----- > From: owner-semantics@us-vo.org > [mailto:owner-semantics@us-vo.org] On Behalf Of Steve Pepper > Sent: 02 October 2002 12:47 > To: semantics@us-vo.org > Subject: Where to start (was: Ontology for Dummies) > > > Thanks to Ashish Mahabal for bringing this forum to my attention. > > Tony Linde wrote (about "Ontology for Dummies"): > >I know, there isn't such a book, so what can we (the > non-experts) have > >to get us up to speed. Can we come up with suggested texts > that would > >take a non-expert from basics through to understanding why > and how to > >encode a subject domain ontology and why and how to use it in one or > >more applications. > > Here are a couple of papers that I've found useful: > > * Deborah McGuinness' chapter in the forthcoming "Spinning > the Semantic > Web", called "Ontologies Come of Age": > > > http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/people/dlm/papers/ontologies-come- > of-age-mit-press-(with-citation).htm > > * "Ontology Development 101: A Guide to Creating Your First Ontology" > by Natalya F. Noy and Deborah L. McGuinness > > > http://protege.stanford.edu/publications/ontology_development/ > ontology101-noy-mcguinness.html > > I don't know of anything that discusses ontology design with > specific reference to topic maps (apart from internal course > material here at Ontopia), but the principles are pretty > simple. If you've read "The TAO of Topic Maps" [1] you know > that the core concepts in topic maps are Topics, > Associations, and Occurrences (hence "TAO"). Each of these > can be classified by type (topic types, association types, > occurrence types) > - and types are themselves also topics... > > Thus "Puccini" is a topic of type "composer", and "composer" > is also a topic. The association (relationship) between the > topic "Puccini" and the topic "Tosca" (which is of type > "opera") is of type "composed by", which is also a topic. An > information resource containing the libretto of Tosca would > be an occurrence (of type "libretto") of the topic "Tosca". > > In this example, the (typing) topics "composer", "opera", > "composed by" and "libretto" constitute the ontology -- or > what some people term the "upper ontology". The "lower > ontology" consists of the individuals, "Puccini", "Tosca" etc. > > (Apologies for not being able to give you examples from your > own domain: The only "stars" I am familiar with are ones like > Maria Callas and Pavarotti :-) > > It seems to me (correct me if I am wrong!) that what this > initiative needs is > > (1) agreement, as far as possible, on a common upper ontology and how > to *identify* the classes it consists of > (2) agreement on how to identify a useful common subset of known > individuals, but without (necessarily) assigning those > individuals > to classes (since this might be controversial). > > As soon as you have that, everyone can start making their own > assertions about any of the subjects in question in such a > way that knowledge about them can be aggregated, shared and reused. > > I would advise you to apply the KISS principle. You will > experience an almost irresistible temptation to bite off more > than you can chew, to "overmodel", to get embroiled in > endless discussions about almost unresolvable details. Resist > that temptation! Agree on the minimal common subset that is > actually useful and extend it later as necessary. In > particular, don't bother at this stage to try and express > complex constraints on the classes you identify for the upper > ontology. > > Finally, I would advise you to look seriously at the > Published Subject initiatives taking place under the auspices > of OASIS: > http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/tm-pubsubj/ You will achieve a lot in a short time if you concentrate on defining published subjects for your upper and lower ontologies. Among other things, it will make the choice of knowledge representation formalism less important, since published subjects allow multiple formalisms to interoperate. If anyone is interested in pursuing such a course, say so (in a new thread) and Bernard Vatant and I can explain how to go about it. I wish you luck in your endeavours and will continue to lurk here in case I can be of use. Steve [1] http://www.ontopia.net/topicmaps/materials/tao.html -- Steve Pepper, Chief Executive Officer Convenor, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC34/WG3 Editor, XTM (XML Topic Maps) Ontopia AS, Waldemar Thranes gt. 98, N-0175 Oslo, Norway. http://www.ontopia.net/ phone: +47-23233080 GSM: +47-90827246 From - Wed Oct 2 13:47:16 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g92BXKYI010397; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 13:33:20 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g92BWYn05776; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 13:32:34 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAUKa4rl; Wed, 2 Oct 02 13:32:34 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g92BEZXY022889 for ; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 04:14:35 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g92BEZgh022887 for semantics-list; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 04:14:35 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from sandbox.ontopia.net (g-26-oslo.opera.com [193.69.113.26] (may be forged)) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g92BEYXY022884 for ; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 04:14:34 -0700 Received: from g-28-oslo.opera.com (chili.ontopia.net) [193.69.113.28] by sandbox.ontopia.net with esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) id 17whkN-0004ik-00; Wed, 02 Oct 2002 13:32:55 +0200 Message-Id: <5.1.0.14.2.20021002123422.024c3870@mail.ontopia.net> X-Sender: pepper@mail.ontopia.net X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 Date: Wed, 02 Oct 2002 13:47:15 +0200 To: semantics@us-vo.org From: Steve Pepper Subject: Where to start (was: Ontology for Dummies) Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; format=flowed Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: cf3e2cac3863a2e8f9c2ac29a7534252 Thanks to Ashish Mahabal for bringing this forum to my attention. Tony Linde wrote (about "Ontology for Dummies"): >I know, there isn't such a book, so what can we (the non-experts) have >to get us up to speed. Can we come up with suggested texts that would >take a non-expert from basics through to understanding why and how to >encode a subject domain ontology and why and how to use it in one or >more applications. Here are a couple of papers that I've found useful: * Deborah McGuinness' chapter in the forthcoming "Spinning the Semantic Web", called "Ontologies Come of Age": http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/people/dlm/papers/ontologies-come-of-age-mit-press-(with-citation).htm * "Ontology Development 101: A Guide to Creating Your First Ontology" by Natalya F. Noy and Deborah L. McGuinness http://protege.stanford.edu/publications/ontology_development/ontology101-noy-mcguinness.html I don't know of anything that discusses ontology design with specific reference to topic maps (apart from internal course material here at Ontopia), but the principles are pretty simple. If you've read "The TAO of Topic Maps" [1] you know that the core concepts in topic maps are Topics, Associations, and Occurrences (hence "TAO"). Each of these can be classified by type (topic types, association types, occurrence types) - and types are themselves also topics... Thus "Puccini" is a topic of type "composer", and "composer" is also a topic. The association (relationship) between the topic "Puccini" and the topic "Tosca" (which is of type "opera") is of type "composed by", which is also a topic. An information resource containing the libretto of Tosca would be an occurrence (of type "libretto") of the topic "Tosca". In this example, the (typing) topics "composer", "opera", "composed by" and "libretto" constitute the ontology -- or what some people term the "upper ontology". The "lower ontology" consists of the individuals, "Puccini", "Tosca" etc. (Apologies for not being able to give you examples from your own domain: The only "stars" I am familiar with are ones like Maria Callas and Pavarotti :-) It seems to me (correct me if I am wrong!) that what this initiative needs is (1) agreement, as far as possible, on a common upper ontology and how to *identify* the classes it consists of (2) agreement on how to identify a useful common subset of known individuals, but without (necessarily) assigning those individuals to classes (since this might be controversial). As soon as you have that, everyone can start making their own assertions about any of the subjects in question in such a way that knowledge about them can be aggregated, shared and reused. I would advise you to apply the KISS principle. You will experience an almost irresistible temptation to bite off more than you can chew, to "overmodel", to get embroiled in endless discussions about almost unresolvable details. Resist that temptation! Agree on the minimal common subset that is actually useful and extend it later as necessary. In particular, don't bother at this stage to try and express complex constraints on the classes you identify for the upper ontology. Finally, I would advise you to look seriously at the Published Subject initiatives taking place under the auspices of OASIS: http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/tm-pubsubj/ You will achieve a lot in a short time if you concentrate on defining published subjects for your upper and lower ontologies. Among other things, it will make the choice of knowledge representation formalism less important, since published subjects allow multiple formalisms to interoperate. If anyone is interested in pursuing such a course, say so (in a new thread) and Bernard Vatant and I can explain how to go about it. I wish you luck in your endeavours and will continue to lurk here in case I can be of use. Steve [1] http://www.ontopia.net/topicmaps/materials/tao.html -- Steve Pepper, Chief Executive Officer Convenor, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC34/WG3 Editor, XTM (XML Topic Maps) Ontopia AS, Waldemar Thranes gt. 98, N-0175 Oslo, Norway. http://www.ontopia.net/ phone: +47-23233080 GSM: +47-90827246 From - Wed Oct 2 13:41:27 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g92BOXYI009118; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 13:24:33 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g92BNmc05512; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 13:23:48 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAA3ba4Wk; Wed, 2 Oct 02 13:23:47 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g92B5gXY022855 for ; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 04:05:42 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g92B5gA1022853 for semantics-list; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 04:05:42 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from curlew.cs.man.ac.uk (noplay@curlew.cs.man.ac.uk [130.88.13.7]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g92B5eXY022850 for ; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 04:05:41 -0700 Received: from rpc71.cs.man.ac.uk ([130.88.198.228]) by curlew.cs.man.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 2.05 #6) id 17whbu-000ITM-00; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 12:24:10 +0100 From: Phillip Lord To: carole@cs.man.ac.uk CC: tol@star.le.ac.uk, semantics@us-vo.org, seanb@cs.man.ac.uk In-reply-to: <52054.193.62.201.130.1033555087.squirrel@stpeter.cs.man.ac.uk> (carole@cs.man.ac.uk) Subject: Re: Ontological distance Reply-To: p.lord@russet.org.uk X-Attribution: Phil References: <000401c269ec$3e8f6b20$b524d28f@bunyip> <52054.193.62.201.130.1033555087.squirrel@stpeter.cs.man.ac.uk> Message-Id: Date: Wed, 2 Oct 2002 12:24:10 +0100 Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: c5f8c76d15df533a98883f49b7e7e898 >>>>> "Carole" == Carole Goble writes: Carole> Semantic distance in ontologies is a hot topic. It differs Carole> between ontologies that have asserted structure and those Carole> that have inferred (like OWL). Carole> I'm copying this message to two people to follow up (I'm ni Carole> a workshop right now :-) ) Carole> a. Phil Lord who ahs developed semantic closeness measyres Carole> for the Gene Carole> Ontology and has two papers on it Carole> b. Sean Bechhofer who has done work on how to do semantic Carole> closeness in Carole> inferred taxonomies and aslo has a paper on it. Carole> Guys -- please point to thes epapers I've put draft copies of the papers onto my website (see .sig). There are also several talks, and a poster on the same topic, which all say pretty much the same thing. Cheers Phil -- Phillip Lord, Phone: +44 (0) 161 275 6138 PostDoctoral Research Associate, Email: p.lord@russet.org.uk Department of Computer Science http://www.russet.org.uk Kilburn Building http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~phillord University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL From - Wed Oct 2 11:58:07 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g929grYI025687; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 11:42:53 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g929g8X01889; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 11:42:08 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAKXaaSd; Wed, 2 Oct 02 11:42:07 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g929O4XY022547 for ; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 02:24:04 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g929O4OA022545 for semantics-list; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 02:24:04 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from m1.cs.man.ac.uk (m1.cs.man.ac.uk [130.88.192.2]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g929O2XY022542 for ; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 02:24:03 -0700 Received: from mailhost by m1.cs.man.ac.uk (8.8.8/AL/MJK-2.0) id KAA28166; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 10:42:30 +0100 (BST) From: carole@cs.man.ac.uk (Carole Goble) Received: from stpeter ([130.88.196.234] helo=cs.man.ac.uk) by mailhost with smtp (Exim 3.36 #1) id 17wg1U-0000z7-00; Wed, 02 Oct 2002 10:42:28 +0100 Received: from 193.62.201.130 (proxying for unknown) (SquirrelMail authenticated user carole) by stpeter.cs.man.ac.uk with HTTP; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 11:38:07 +0100 (BST) Message-ID: <52054.193.62.201.130.1033555087.squirrel@stpeter.cs.man.ac.uk> Date: Wed, 2 Oct 2002 11:38:07 +0100 (BST) Subject: Re: Ontological distance To: In-Reply-To: <000401c269ec$3e8f6b20$b524d28f@bunyip> References: <000401c269ec$3e8f6b20$b524d28f@bunyip> X-Priority: 3 Importance: Normal X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Cc: , , X-Mailer: SquirrelMail (version 1.2.4) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: a10ab992e91160394d018bc4e901d8d3 Semantic distance in ontologies is a hot topic. It differs between ontologies that have asserted structure and those that have inferred (like OWL). I'm copying this message to two people to follow up (I'm ni a workshop right now :-) ) a. Phil Lord who ahs developed semantic closeness measyres for the Gene Ontology and has two papers on it b. Sean Bechhofer who has done work on how to do semantic closeness in inferred taxonomies and aslo has a paper on it. Guys -- please point to thes epapers Carole > It strikes me that, in order to have an ontology-based system make > suggestions about a given topic (of the type: also look at topic X), we > need a concept of 'distance' between classes. > > Would it be possible to add a 'closeness' factor to a > relationship-type. This factor would have values (for simplicity) of > [positive, neutral, negative]. Any two classes tied by that > relationship-type would be 'close' if the closeness factor of the > relationship-type was positive and 'far away' if negative; if the > factor was neutral, then nothing could be said about their closeness. > > Subsumption relationships ('is a type of', 'is a component of') would > most likely be positive, while antonymic relationships ('is distinct > from') would be negative relationships. Neutral relationships might be > ??? (can't think of one :). > > A class would then be closest to other classes with which it had the > greater number of relationships with 'positive' closeness over those > with 'negative' closeness (eg distance to the class could be computed > by number of positive relationships minus number of negative > relationships). > > Is this reasonable? Has 'distance' been defined already? Is it feasible > (eg with OilEdit and DAML+OIL, say)? > > Cheers, > Tony. > > __ > Tony Linde Phone: +44 (0)116 223 1292 > AstroGrid Project Manager Fax: +44 (0)116 252 3311 > Dept of Physics & Astronomy Mobile: +44 (0)7753 603356 > University of Leicester Email: tol@star.le.ac.uk > Leicester, UK LE1 7RH Web: http://www.astrogrid.org > From - Wed Oct 2 12:18:29 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g92A3pYI028891; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 12:03:51 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g92A36i02807; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 12:03:06 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAf6aWEf; Wed, 2 Oct 02 12:03:05 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g929ivXY022614 for ; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 02:44:57 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g929ivVa022612 for semantics-list; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 02:44:57 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from m1.cs.man.ac.uk (m1.cs.man.ac.uk [130.88.192.2]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g929itXY022609 for ; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 02:44:56 -0700 Received: from mailhost by m1.cs.man.ac.uk (8.8.8/AL/MJK-2.0) id LAA00724; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 11:03:07 +0100 (BST) Received: from potato ([130.88.196.149]) by mailhost with esmtp (Exim 3.36 #1) id 17wgLO-0002so-00; Wed, 02 Oct 2002 11:03:02 +0100 Date: Wed, 2 Oct 2002 11:06:01 +0100 (GMT Daylight Time) From: Sean Bechhofer To: carole@cs.man.ac.uk cc: tol@star.le.ac.uk, , Subject: Re: Ontological distance In-Reply-To: <52054.193.62.201.130.1033555087.squirrel@stpeter.cs.man.ac.uk> Message-ID: X-X-Sender: seanb@mailhost.cs.man.ac.uk MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 9b83c13419c39d7503c5cfb3605c162d On Wed, 2 Oct 2002 carole@cs.man.ac.uk wrote: > > Semantic distance in ontologies is a hot topic. It differs between > ontologies that have asserted structure and those that have inferred (like > OWL). > > I'm copying this message to two people to follow up (I'm ni a workshop > right now :-) ) > > a. Phil Lord who ahs developed semantic closeness measyres for the Gene > Ontology and has two papers on it > > b. Sean Bechhofer who has done work on how to do semantic closeness in > inferred taxonomies and aslo has a paper on it. > This was discussed in: @INPROCEEDINGS{bechhofer99:classification, AUTHOR = {Sean Bechhofer and Carole Goble}, TITLE = {{Classification Based Navigation and Retrieval for Picture Archives}}, BOOKTITLE = {IFIP WG2.6 Conference on Data Semantics, DS8}, YEAR = 1999, ADDRESS = {Rotorua, New Zealand}, MONTH = {January} } http://potato.cs.man.ac.uk/papers/ds8.pdf Cheers, Sean -- Sean Bechhofer seanb@cs.man.ac.uk http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~seanb From - Wed Oct 2 17:44:25 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g92EG56t006551; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 16:16:18 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g9291Ad00104; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 11:01:10 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAdWaima; Wed, 2 Oct 02 11:01:10 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g928h7XY022427 for ; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 01:43:07 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g928h7VN022425 for semantics-list; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 01:43:07 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from mel-rto6.wanadoo.fr (smtp-out-6.wanadoo.fr [193.252.19.25]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g928h6XY022422 for ; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 01:43:06 -0700 Received: from mel-rta10.wanadoo.fr (193.252.19.193) by mel-rto6.wanadoo.fr (6.5.007) id 3D760C2500F8281A for semantics@us-vo.org; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 11:01:29 +0200 Received: from bernard (193.248.52.50) by mel-rta10.wanadoo.fr (6.5.007) id 3D80120800BD57C4 for semantics@us-vo.org; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 11:01:29 +0200 Message-ID: <007301c269f1$e24e1cc0$6601a8c0@bernard> From: "Bernard Vatant" To: References: <000301c269e9$d064f950$b524d28f@bunyip> Subject: Topic Maps, Scope and Subject Identity [RE: Taxonomy issues] Date: Wed, 2 Oct 2002 10:58:00 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 87cee0c7821977831ac3b6a9539f62f3 Honorable astro-semantic folks I've been just notified today the existence of this forum by Steve Pepper, one of the Topic Maps "gurus", who gently remembered that I had both the hat of topic maps "expert" and the one of (life-long amateur) astronomer. As a matter of fact, I've had recently some exchanges with Ashish Mahabal about Topic Maps in the VO project, and I'm happy to jump on the occasion to bring more Topic Maps flavor in this semantic pot :)) About Taxonomy issues, I want to confirm that Topic Maps "scope" is exactly intended to handle those situations of multiple views on a single object: multiple names, multiple classifications, multiple interpretations ... as Ashish has pointed. Another issue that can be tackled by scope is controversial or hypothetical object identity, e.g., "Is IR-Source A the same "object" than X-Source B?" What TM approach will do in such a case is defining each of those as a distinct "subject" (of conversation), distinct from each other and of any "object" out there - a distinction in fact very crucial to Astronomy! Each "subject" is represented as a specific topic, say "IR_A" and "X_B". Information about each of those subjects (classifications, observations, data, interpretation, papers, ...) will be attached to the respective topics. If at some point in time the two sources are somehow "proven" to be different "manifestations of the same object", say "Quasar_Z", you can either: -- Merge the three topics, but keep "IR_A" and "X_B" characteristics distinct through scope mechanism. -- Keep the topics classified as "sources" independent of the topic classified "object", and link them through "object-manifestation" associations, asserting that, e.g. In (the scope of) IR bandwidth observations, "Quasar_Z" is identified as "IR_A". If you want to add the information that this identification is still controversial, it can be added as a scope element too ... Hope that helps Bernard ------------------------------------------------------------------- Bernard Vatant www.universimmedia.com Consultant - Mondeca www.mondeca.com Chair - OASIS TM PubSubj Technical Committee www.oasis-open.org/committees/tm-pubsubj/ ------------------------------------------------------------------- From - Wed Oct 2 10:56:13 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g928IPYI013535; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 10:18:25 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g928HeQ28131; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 10:17:40 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAaIaq82; Wed, 2 Oct 02 10:17:40 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g927xhXY022276 for ; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 00:59:43 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g927xhNc022274 for semantics-list; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 00:59:43 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from apollo.le.ac.uk (ntp2b.le.ac.uk [143.210.16.125]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g927xgXY022271 for ; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 00:59:42 -0700 Received: from mail.star.le.ac.uk ([143.210.36.58] helo=happy.star.le.ac.uk) by apollo.le.ac.uk with smtp (Exim 3.16 #1) id 17wehu-0006Sf-00 for semantics@us-vo.org; Wed, 02 Oct 2002 09:18:10 +0100 Received: (qmail 9110 invoked from network); 2 Oct 2002 08:18:34 -0000 Received: from bunyip.star.le.ac.uk (HELO bunyip) (143.210.36.181) by happy.star.le.ac.uk with SMTP; 2 Oct 2002 08:18:34 -0000 Reply-To: From: "Tony Linde" To: Subject: Ontological distance Date: Wed, 2 Oct 2002 09:18:10 +0100 Organization: University of Leicester Message-ID: <000401c269ec$3e8f6b20$b524d28f@bunyip> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.3416 Importance: Normal X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: d1c0d571ea892d5d2e20a0469170081b It strikes me that, in order to have an ontology-based system make suggestions about a given topic (of the type: also look at topic X), we need a concept of 'distance' between classes. Would it be possible to add a 'closeness' factor to a relationship-type. This factor would have values (for simplicity) of [positive, neutral, negative]. Any two classes tied by that relationship-type would be 'close' if the closeness factor of the relationship-type was positive and 'far away' if negative; if the factor was neutral, then nothing could be said about their closeness. Subsumption relationships ('is a type of', 'is a component of') would most likely be positive, while antonymic relationships ('is distinct from') would be negative relationships. Neutral relationships might be ??? (can't think of one :). A class would then be closest to other classes with which it had the greater number of relationships with 'positive' closeness over those with 'negative' closeness (eg distance to the class could be computed by number of positive relationships minus number of negative relationships). Is this reasonable? Has 'distance' been defined already? Is it feasible (eg with OilEdit and DAML+OIL, say)? Cheers, Tony. __ Tony Linde Phone: +44 (0)116 223 1292 AstroGrid Project Manager Fax: +44 (0)116 252 3311 Dept of Physics & Astronomy Mobile: +44 (0)7753 603356 University of Leicester Email: tol@star.le.ac.uk Leicester, UK LE1 7RH Web: http://www.astrogrid.org From - Wed Oct 2 10:56:13 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g9281XYI011042; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 10:01:38 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g9280lK27576; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 10:00:47 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAHna421; Wed, 2 Oct 02 10:00:46 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g927gTXY022224 for ; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 00:42:29 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g927gTDm022222 for semantics-list; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 00:42:29 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from apollo.le.ac.uk (ntp2b.le.ac.uk [143.210.16.125]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g927gRXY022219 for ; Wed, 2 Oct 2002 00:42:28 -0700 Received: from mail.star.le.ac.uk ([143.210.36.58] helo=happy.star.le.ac.uk) by apollo.le.ac.uk with smtp (Exim 3.16 #1) id 17weRA-0006AD-00 for semantics@us-vo.org; Wed, 02 Oct 2002 09:00:52 +0100 Received: (qmail 8079 invoked from network); 2 Oct 2002 08:01:10 -0000 Received: from bunyip.star.le.ac.uk (HELO bunyip) (143.210.36.181) by happy.star.le.ac.uk with SMTP; 2 Oct 2002 08:01:10 -0000 Reply-To: From: "Tony Linde" To: Subject: Ontology for Dummies Date: Wed, 2 Oct 2002 09:00:46 +0100 Organization: University of Leicester Message-ID: <000301c269e9$d064f950$b524d28f@bunyip> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.3416 Importance: Normal X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: f6fdd59752cf087fd8c848c6f7e724aa I know, there isn't such a book, so what can we (the non-experts) have to get us up to speed. Can we come up with suggested texts that would take a non-expert from basics through to understanding why and how to encode a subject domain ontology and why and how to use it in one or more applications. Can people suggest books and web sites (tutorial oriented) in the following categories (or others if I'm off beam): Overview of ontologies Introduction to DL Aspects of DL applicable to ontologies Basics of any ontology language Coding an ontology in {DAML+OIL, OWL, etc.} Specific applications of ontological approach to problem solving I've found the following site: http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~franconi/dl/course/ Would any of these books be useful in the above sections? If so, which? Cheers, Tony. __ Tony Linde Phone: +44 (0)116 223 1292 AstroGrid Project Manager Fax: +44 (0)116 252 3311 Dept of Physics & Astronomy Mobile: +44 (0)7753 603356 University of Leicester Email: tol@star.le.ac.uk Leicester, UK LE1 7RH Web: http://www.astrogrid.org From - Wed Oct 2 10:56:02 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g8UHgAgF014670; Mon, 30 Sep 2002 19:42:11 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g8UHfPk17839; Mon, 30 Sep 2002 19:41:25 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAA2daa1I; Mon, 30 Sep 02 19:41:24 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8UHNVXY015578 for ; Mon, 30 Sep 2002 10:23:31 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g8UHNVfY015576 for semantics-list; Mon, 30 Sep 2002 10:23:31 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from mailhost.cacr.caltech.edu (mailhost.cacr.caltech.edu [131.215.145.180]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8UHNVXY015573 for ; Mon, 30 Sep 2002 10:23:31 -0700 Received: from SARA (sara.cacr.caltech.edu [131.215.145.107]) by mailhost.cacr.caltech.edu (8.9.3/8.9.1) with SMTP id KAA16381; Mon, 30 Sep 2002 10:41:44 -0700 (PDT) Message-ID: <0ab901c268a9$146d14d0$6b91d783@cacr.caltech.edu> From: "Roy Williams" To: , "Reagan Moore" , "Amarnath Gupta" References: <015401c26705$5f491e40$6401a8c0@cacr.caltech.edu> Subject: Re: UMLS (Unified Medical Language System) Date: Mon, 30 Sep 2002 10:44:51 -0700 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 77c2d8b257b473a51ee3d8d457f02381 > Amarnath Gupta at SDSC has implemented the UMLS ontology .... > We have used the ontology for tasks such as: > - parse a report to identify relevant words > - use the UMLS ontology to identify a broader context that includes > the identified words > - access the medpub collection to retrieve similar reports on the same subject. Reagan and Amarnath This sounds like an interesting application of an ontology. I have been thinking of a similar type of project, taking a paper about astronomy, finding all the references to galaxies and stars (eg NCG 666), and adding the relevant citations to NED and Simbad. A couple of questions: -- When you parse a report for relevant words, did you start with text, or pdf, or Word, or Latex, or what? -- Did the parsing involve a Natural Language parser, or was it a tokenizing on whitespace? -- The UMLS has a lot of structure besides a simple set of words. Were any parts of this structure used? Roy From - Wed Oct 2 10:56:02 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g8THQxLp021358; Sun, 29 Sep 2002 19:27:04 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g8THQDW29023; Sun, 29 Sep 2002 19:26:13 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAA2WaWR4; Sun, 29 Sep 02 19:26:13 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8TH8OXY011586 for ; Sun, 29 Sep 2002 10:08:24 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g8TH8OoP011584 for semantics-list; Sun, 29 Sep 2002 10:08:24 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from head-cfa.harvard.edu (head-cfa.harvard.edu [131.142.41.8]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8TH8NXY011581 for ; Sun, 29 Sep 2002 10:08:23 -0700 Received: from urania.harvard.edu (urania.harvard.edu [131.142.52.147]) by head-cfa.harvard.edu (8.11.1/8.11.1) with ESMTP id g8THQHM01451 for ; Sun, 29 Sep 2002 13:26:17 -0400 (EDT) Received: (from jcm@localhost) by urania.harvard.edu (8.11.1/8.11.1) id g8THQGs20746 for semantics@us-vo.org; Sun, 29 Sep 2002 13:26:16 -0400 (EDT) Date: Sun, 29 Sep 2002 13:26:16 -0400 (EDT) Message-Id: <200209291726.g8THQGs20746@urania.harvard.edu> From: jcm@head-cfa.harvard.edu To: semantics@us-vo.org Subject: RE: Taxonomy issues Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 19033c5bc872106a7b42440793e679a7 A small comment about conflicting definitions: this is closely related, I feel, to the 'specific vs generic' UCD issue: we have the general concept of a V magnitude, and the specific concept of a Johnson V or someone else's V filter. Sometimes we want to ask a loose question about V mags and sometimes we want to be precise. In the same way, in astronomical practice we sometimes loosely refer to BL Lac objects (or red fairies, or...) and sometimes precisely refer to BL Lac objects (by Weedman's 1978 criterion) or to red fairies (by Richards(2002) velocity criterion). I think our ontology can define many different flavors of precisely defined red fairy, tagged by the reference which defines them, as subclasses of a more broadly defined concept of red fairy. Then we can ask: is Mu Draconis a red fairy by anyone's definition (is it in the union of all red fairy definitions), and we can also ask: is Mu Draconis a Richards(2002) red fairy? Or, more exactly, has someone claimed that it is a red fairy... and as Tony pointed out, different authors may have classified it in conflicting ways, and the data they used may have uncertainties on it or be wrong, but our cloud of red-fairy-related concepts is still precise. It's when organizing our theory-laden classes in a relational tree that we'll have to be very careful, and I do think we will need to support alternate ontologies. Is an SGR (soft gamma repeater) a nearby neutron star or an object in a distant galaxy? Even when the question is 99.999 percent decided: is a quasar an active galactic nucleus (and therefore is a subclass of 'objects contained in a galaxy') or is it a nearby thing ejected from a galaxy? When Chip Arp uses the VO, he should be able to impose his redshifts-aren't-cosmological ontology even though we all know he's wrong. I don't think that fear should stop us from developing one or a few default ontologies to represent our model of the universe, although perhaps it would be dangerous for the IVOA to officially bless one. Gotta have them, though 0 - it's the only way we will be able to go beyond what SIMBAD et al do and search for the component of the binary star inside a globular cluster that we are interested in, a situation in which positional matching is not going to work. OK, this wasn't a small comment after all. Sorry! - Jonathan McDowell .-------------------------------------------------------------------. | Jonathan McDowell | phone : (617) 495-7176 | | Harvard-Smithsonian Center | fax : (617) 495-7356 | | for Astrophysics | | | 60 Garden St, MS6 | | | Cambridge MA 02138 | email : jcm@cfa.harvard.edu | | USA | email : jmcdowell@cfa.harvard.edu | `-------------------------------------------------------------------' From - Sun Sep 29 14:20:04 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g8TC5kLp027692; Sun, 29 Sep 2002 14:05:46 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g8TC51Q24523; Sun, 29 Sep 2002 14:05:01 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAA6LaG4V; Sun, 29 Sep 02 14:05:00 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8TBlOXY010307 for ; Sun, 29 Sep 2002 04:47:24 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g8TBlO8e010305 for semantics-list; Sun, 29 Sep 2002 04:47:24 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from mta01-svc.ntlworld.com (mta01-svc.ntlworld.com [62.253.162.41]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8TBlNXY010302 for ; Sun, 29 Sep 2002 04:47:24 -0700 Received: from bunyip ([80.4.36.35]) by mta01-svc.ntlworld.com (InterMail vM.4.01.03.27 201-229-121-127-20010626) with ESMTP id <20020929120512.UPNL6699.mta01-svc.ntlworld.com@bunyip>; Sun, 29 Sep 2002 13:05:12 +0100 Reply-To: From: "Tony Linde" To: Cc: "'seanb'" Subject: RE: Taxonomy issues Date: Sun, 29 Sep 2002 13:05:12 +0100 Message-ID: <001d01c267b0$770ef850$b524d28f@bunyip> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.3416 In-Reply-To: X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Importance: Normal Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) X-Mozilla-Status: 8013 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 935e913f05e725ecf4c2d963449405f1 This is a very illuminating discussion. Thanks especially to Sean for his lucid differentiation between an ontology of classes and instances of those classes. It seems that the bottom line is that we should try to get our 'concepts' organised into some logical non-conflicting coherence but there's no problem with different people classifying individuals as instances of different classes. So, our ontology will state that a star cannot be the same as a galaxy but entity X may be classified by author A as a star and by author B as a galaxy. And all of this is consistent even though the inference engine will tell us that there is a conflict between the authors' statements. **Questions to Sean: does an inference engine work on instances or just on the classes? Can we store the ontology in OWL format and the classification of instances in a rdbms (while the instance data may be stored in FITS files or whatever) and still make inferences? The more serious issue is that raised by Anita: 'whether a red fairy is a variable star with a period of <400 days or <350 days and a green fairy has a period of >400 or >350 days'. The astronomy community, or that part of it constructing an ontology plugged into a given VO, needs to decide whether to plump for one or the other definition or allow both and if the latter, how. Looking at George's email, his classification of classifications was illuminating. What I think he is looking for in any 'use' of an ontology is being able to get at the provenance of any instantiations. So if entity X is classified by author A as a star, then we need to provide a record of how that classification was arrived at. This provenance should include the original source data and any selections, transformations and analyses which were performed on the data. This has a couple of implications. 1. We need some way of organising or describing an author's set of instantiations and their provenance. Namespaces could be one way but, given that we'll have tens or hundereds of '000s of these, it could get a little cumbersome. Somehow, an astronomer needs to be able to say: 'I accept the sets described by authors A, D and M. Please check my own work against theirs'. 2. We need a language (and ontology) for describing workflows and their component activities. There has been work in the commercial world on this, partly subsumed by the term 'organizational memory', which I know Carole and the Geodise project is working on. This is partly what I was getting at in my previous email about 'ontology-based querying'. Is there some higher order of classification for selection criteria (apart from their UCD-operation-Value graph) that will allow deduction of criteria from the description of a desired set of results? The final issue is that of outliers or anomalies. We have to make sure they aren't shoehorned by the software into inappropriate categories and also that they can be identified as the target for future research. I'm not sure whether what has been said protects them or not, highlights them or not. I don't think they need separate handling but need to be accounted for in any scheme or approach. Cheers, Tony. __ Tony Linde Phone: +44 (0)116 223 1292 AstroGrid Project Manager Fax: +44 (0)116 252 3311 Dept of Physics & Astronomy Mobile: +44 (0)7753 603356 University of Leicester Email: tol@star.le.ac.uk Leicester, UK LE1 7RH Web: http://www.astrogrid.org From - Wed Oct 2 10:56:02 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g8UH6OgF010065; Mon, 30 Sep 2002 19:06:25 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g8UH5dX15750; Mon, 30 Sep 2002 19:05:39 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAUdaiWE; Mon, 30 Sep 02 19:05:38 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8UGltXY015462 for ; Mon, 30 Sep 2002 09:47:55 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g8UGltDA015460 for semantics-list; Mon, 30 Sep 2002 09:47:55 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from postal.sdsc.edu (IDENT:mnv5Ofj7eE1Dg9qCKXZ9PP4Aqnc9VKku@postal.sdsc.edu [132.249.20.114]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8UGltXY015449 for ; Mon, 30 Sep 2002 09:47:55 -0700 Received: (from moore@localhost) by postal.sdsc.edu (8.11.6/8.11.6/server/48) id g8UH63H27932; Mon, 30 Sep 2002 10:06:03 -0700 (PDT) Mime-Version: 1.0 X-Sender: moore@pop.sdsc.edu Message-Id: In-Reply-To: <015401c26705$5f491e40$6401a8c0@cacr.caltech.edu> References: <015401c26705$5f491e40$6401a8c0@cacr.caltech.edu> Date: Sat, 28 Sep 2002 17:59:23 -0700 To: , "Roy Williams" From: Reagan Moore Subject: Re: UMLS (Unified Medical Language System) Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" ; format="flowed" Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: d8de8da7daa707cca0c4c5b54bd11cea Roy: Amarnath Gupta at SDSC has implemented the UMLS ontology in an Oracle database. This is a collection of roughly 2 million terms and some 7 million relationships. The goal of the implementation was to understand scalability mechanisms for manipulating large ontologies, understand how to map the annotated relationships to logical rules, and understand how to apply the logical rules to query across collections with disparate semantic labels and attributes. We have used the ontology for tasks such as: - parse a report to identify relevant words - use the UMLS ontology to identify a broader context that includes the identified words - access the medpub collection to retrieve similar reports on the same subject. Reagan >I saw a link to this in my email this morning, the Unified Medical >Language System (*), a compendium of different vocabularies about >medicine. It is sorted and classified in different ways, and has >licenced software to go with it. > >"The Metathesaurus preserves the meanings, attributes, hierarchical >connections, and other relationships between terms present in its source >vocabularies, while adding certain basic information about each of its >concepts and establishing synonymy and new relationships between >concepts and terms from different source vocabularies. > >METATHESAURUS SIZE: 113,699,627 BYTES. >CONCEPT UNIQUE IDENTIFIERS (CUIs): 729,248 >SYNONYMS: 1,598,176 > >I wonder if this is something we could develop as a VO resource? There >are varous candidate vocabularies that we could uses as a basis listed >below(**). > >It looks like NIH have spent a lot of resouces on UMLS, and I wonder >exactly how people use it, and more importantly for us, how such a thing >might help the VO community? > >Roy Williams >--------- >Caltech Center for Advanced Computing Research >mail roy@cacr.caltech.edu >voice +1 626 395 3670 > > >----------------------------------------------- >(*) The UMLS system is explained here: >http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/META2.HTML > >This is a list of all the vocaularies that UMLS has subsumed >http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/METAA1.HTML > >This is a list of "semantic types" >http://umlsinfo.nlm.nih.gov/styfile.html > >------------------------- >(**) Some Astronomy Vocabularies >UCD vocabulary >http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/doc/UCD.htx > >Astronomy Thesaurus >http://msowww.anu.edu.au/library/thesaurus/ > >American Institute of Physics >http://www.aip.org/pacs/pacs01/pacs0190.htm From - Tue Sep 24 14:43:38 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g8OBQxdK002783; Tue, 24 Sep 2002 13:26:59 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g8OBQED17348; Tue, 24 Sep 2002 13:26:14 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAA_Ray4H; Tue, 24 Sep 02 13:26:13 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8OB9SXY021313 for ; Tue, 24 Sep 2002 04:09:28 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g8OB9SaI021311 for semantics-list; Tue, 24 Sep 2002 04:09:28 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from m1.cs.man.ac.uk (m1.cs.man.ac.uk [130.88.192.2]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8OB9QXY021308 for ; Tue, 24 Sep 2002 04:09:27 -0700 Received: from mailhost by m1.cs.man.ac.uk (8.8.8/AL/MJK-2.0) id MAA21042; Tue, 24 Sep 2002 12:26:36 +0100 (BST) Received: from rimmer ([130.88.192.94] helo=cs.man.ac.uk) by mailhost with esmtp (Exim 3.36 #1) id 17tnpq-0003ht-00; Tue, 24 Sep 2002 12:26:34 +0100 Message-ID: <3D904BEA.8EC7A67B@cs.man.ac.uk> Date: Tue, 24 Sep 2002 12:26:34 +0100 From: Carole Goble X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.73 [en] (WinNT; U) X-Accept-Language: en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: "semantics@us-vo.org" , cag Subject: US-VO Semantics: from Bertram Ludasher Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 9568c5f6345d19c1f7704c43b1cbcc38 Bertram wrote in his discussion: > If you need real *reasoning* capabilities, i.e., given a definition of > a concept A and another definition of a concept B, does one contain or > exclude the other (or are they equivalent), then you need to look at > "Description Logics". Probably you do not need this functionality, but > I just mention it for completeness. I find this extremely strange as a comment. Bertram suggests that there are the "before semantic web" and "after the semantic web" languages. This is not true. OWL (see point (b)) is heavily influenced by Frame-logic work by Karlesruhe. RuleML (see (c) ) is linking Datalog and Horn Logic with DAML+OIL. To be so dismissive doesn't do you justice Bertram!! (a) The classification based reasoning that DLs give you is EXACTLY the kind required to build controlled vocabularies. Controlled vocabularies for content will be the primary use of ontologies in this field I suspect as they are in biology. we are using DAML+OIL to rebuild the Gene Ontology, and I cantell you we aren't doing it for our health. We are doing it because "we DO need this kind of functionality" to build large, multi-axial, coordinated and multi-authored ontologies. Subsumption based reasoning, and its associated query inclusion and indexing is highly valuable, not to mention the axioms for ensuring concept satisfaction. I'll put a couple of papers about our experiences on this on a web site -- they are in press so I have to seek permission to do so. We have also used these approach in myGrid for describing and matching services (http://mygrid.man.ac.uk/rpapers.shtml), as have HP (see http://www2002.org/CDROM/refereed/211/index.html) All of this is reasoning with *intension*. If you are arguing about inference over instances with variable, then that is another argument. *extensional* reasoning is better served by conventional database languages and even deductive databases, For controlled vocabularies Deductive Databases seem like an overkill -- this goes back to your point about "what do you want to do with your representation". In fact, DD for ontological reasoning is probably missing the point. b) DAML+OIL and OWL (the language that has derived from DAML+OIL, proposed by W3C WebOnt and now released in draft form) does have the benefit of a community of tool builders producing parsers, editors, matching engines, viewers, annotators etc etc. This should not be underestimated. It also gives you a range of reasoning engines, if you want that sort of thing, or just a common exchange language if you want that sort of thing too. I recommend that you take a look at the OWL spec: http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/WebOnt/ By the way, OWL-Lite is (I believe) supportable by F-Logic reasoners as well as conventional DL reasoners. c) The use of Datalog style reasoning with deductive rules is useful, of course, in particular if one wants to do process modelling and planning & scheduling work. Attempts are being made in the Semantic Web world to incorporate DAML+OIL terms in rule languages. An interesting place to look at is RuleML activity: http://www.dfki.uni-kl.de/ruleml/ I haven't used FLORID in a long time but I do remember problems with robustness and legacy data, and wasn't it undecidable as well as intractable? Tractability is only obtainable in DD by the Closed World Assumption. Again, CWA can be presumed over querying instances, but reasoning about possibilities, as one would want to to do ontological intensional reasoning, is best served by the open world assumption. d) RDF, though a simple graph model, is weak but it is promising for data integration and does have some reasoning capabilities. The point of RDF as a graph model is really to support data aggregration through graph matching -- in the way that TAP does for example (http://tap.stanford.edu/). You shouldn't lose sight of the fact that the Semantic Web movement if actually about DATA INTEGRATION and not about AI at all. This sometimes gets forgotten :-) e) One of the import things you should not lose sight of is the "semantic continuum" (trademark Mike Uschold). By this I mean that some of your ontologies will be no more that simple hierarchies, and some will need subsumption reasoning. And some will want other forms of reasoning that take them out of the decidability camp. Moreover, you will want to slide along this continuum --starting simple and then selectively elaborating. Or even going the other way and selectively simplifying. Have a language that allows you to say as little or as much as you want in the same framework, and provides reasoning support for evolution, is darn handy. That is why we use DAML+OIL. f) Finally -- take care about ontology development vs ontology deployment. You could use all sort of fancy stuff in design (and I would argue that it is needed - see (a) ) but then generate a simple representation for deployment -- say in RDF, or even Topic Maps. You cannot assume in the Grid or the Web that your deductive database or your reasoning engine is available, but you still want to get something out of your metadata. Conclusion -- there is no one technology, we need a basket of technologies working in consort that do the best job for what you need. Carole From - Tue Sep 24 17:49:53 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g8OFA9dK006268; Tue, 24 Sep 2002 17:10:09 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g8OF9O428092; Tue, 24 Sep 2002 17:09:24 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAaSaa32; Tue, 24 Sep 02 17:09:23 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8OEqcXY022263 for ; Tue, 24 Sep 2002 07:52:38 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g8OEqcdB022261 for semantics-list; Tue, 24 Sep 2002 07:52:38 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from postal.sdsc.edu (IDENT:uwfUVq0pYGbt7R4VSF52IhBVefHmKK3f@postal.sdsc.edu [132.249.20.114]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8OEqcXY022258 for ; Tue, 24 Sep 2002 07:52:38 -0700 Received: from xena.sdsc.edu (IDENT:l+GtzN3p3+HhlqpH1gjYxEqKgfec/APN@xena.sdsc.edu [132.249.50.105]) by postal.sdsc.edu (8.11.6/8.11.6/server/46) with ESMTP id g8OF9l020845; Tue, 24 Sep 2002 08:09:48 -0700 (PDT) Received: by xena (8.11.6+Sun/1.11-SolarisClient) id g8OF9k012725; Tue, 24 Sep 2002 08:09:46 -0700 (PDT) From: Bertram Ludaescher MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Date: Tue, 24 Sep 2002 08:09:46 -0700 (PDT) To: Carole Goble Cc: "semantics@us-vo.org" , cag Subject: Re: US-VO Semantics: from Bertram Ludasher In-Reply-To: <3D904BEA.8EC7A67B@cs.man.ac.uk> References: <3D904BEA.8EC7A67B@cs.man.ac.uk> X-Mailer: VM 6.43 under 20.4 "Emerald" XEmacs Lucid Message-ID: <15760.31156.909710.806375@xena.sdsc.edu> Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 2fc2b4733b2bdf93c5577891a4f03b86 >>>>> "CG" == Carole Goble writes: CG> CG> Bertram wrote in his discussion: CG> >> If you need real *reasoning* capabilities, i.e., given a definition of CG> >> a concept A and another definition of a concept B, does one contain or CG> >> exclude the other (or are they equivalent), then you need to look at >> "Description Logics". Probably you do not need this functionality, but CG> >> I just mention it for completeness. CG> CG> I find this extremely strange as a comment. Bertram suggests that CG> there are the "before semantic web" and "after the semantic web" CG> languages. This is not true. OWL (see point (b)) is heavily influenced CG> by Frame-logic work by Karlesruhe. RuleML (see (c) ) is linking Datalog CG> and Horn Logic with DAML+OIL. To be so dismissive doesn't do you CG> justice Bertram!! Hi Carole! Oops.. didn't want to imply that there are before and after the semantic web languages! (in fact, I tried to locate in which context I said the above -- but sure: these are my words ;-) What I tried to say above is that for the application at hand, it may or may not be necessary to have *real* reasoning capabilities a la Description Logics. Often time (at least in applications we have encountered), a "simpler" reasoning a la Datalog is good enough: Essentially formula evaluation over a given database instance. However, sometimes you need the reasoning machinery because you want to know whether some concept definition implies another, or is consistent with another etc. Another quite hot application of reasoning is of course in semantic query optimization. Another comment I made at some point and that may (but hopefully doesn't) upset the community is that there are several formalisms out there that co-exist but it is not clear which one will have the greatest impact. For example RDF, RDFS vs DAML+OIL. In some sense they are complementary, but in another they are competing. Don't get me wrong: I'm a friend of the Semantic Web! However, in our data mediation projects, we are still wrestling with some query processing issues, that's why we have still a few months to go before we look very closely at the state of the Semantic Web then. (In the XML querying world we made the same experience that things are in a flux for a while) CG> (a) The classification based reasoning that DLs give you is EXACTLY the CG> kind required to build controlled vocabularies. Controlled vocabularies CG> for content will be the primary use of ontologies in this field I CG> suspect as they are in biology. we are using DAML+OIL to rebuild the I agree. CG> Gene Ontology, and I cantell you we aren't doing it for our health. We CG> are doing it because "we DO need this kind of functionality" to build CG> large, multi-axial, coordinated and multi-authored ontologies. CG> Subsumption based reasoning, and its associated query inclusion and CG> indexing is highly valuable, not to mention the axioms for ensuring CG> concept satisfaction. I'll put a couple of papers about our experiences CG> on this on a web site -- they are in press so I have to seek permission CG> to do so. We have also used these approach in myGrid for describing and CG> matching services (http://mygrid.man.ac.uk/rpapers.shtml), as have HP CG> (see http://www2002.org/CDROM/refereed/211/index.html) CG> All of this is reasoning with *intension*. Understood. CG> If you are arguing about inference over instances with variable, then CG> that is another argument. *extensional* reasoning is better served by CG> conventional database languages and even deductive databases, yes. and again: my comment wasn't meant to dismiss inference at all (in fact, I'm an old time inference guy myself having worked with deduction systems and tableaux reasoners of various sorts). For example in our ICDE'01 paper I explicitly suggested the use of description logic to register new concepts relative to an existing ontology. However, not always does one need reasoning. But I agree, multi-authored ontologies is a clear case *for* reasoning! CG> For controlled vocabularies Deductive Databases seem like an overkill -- CG> this goes back to your point about "what do you want to do with your CG> representation". In fact, DD for ontological reasoning is probably CG> missing the point. I agree that DD would be not appropriate for reasoning with controlled vocabularies. But not because they are too powerful, but because they are too weak. CG> b) DAML+OIL and OWL (the language that has derived from DAML+OIL, CG> proposed by W3C WebOnt and now released in draft form) does have the CG> benefit of a community of tool builders producing parsers, editors, CG> matching engines, viewers, annotators etc etc. This should not be CG> underestimated. It also gives you a range of reasoning engines, if you CG> want that sort of thing, or just a common exchange language if you want CG> that sort of thing too. CG> I recommend that you take a look at the OWL spec: CG> http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/WebOnt/ CG> By the way, OWL-Lite is (I believe) supportable by F-Logic reasoners as CG> well as conventional DL reasoners. very good -- I haven't stopped by there recently... CG> c) The use of Datalog style reasoning with deductive rules is useful, of CG> course, in particular if one wants to do process modelling and planning CG> & scheduling work. Attempts are being made in the Semantic Web world to CG> incorporate DAML+OIL terms in rule languages. An interesting place to CG> look at is RuleML activity: CG> http://www.dfki.uni-kl.de/ruleml/ I haven't used FLORID in a CG> long time but I do remember problems with robustness and legacy data, CG> and wasn't it undecidable as well as intractable? Tractability is only CG> obtainable in DD by the Closed World Assumption. Again, CWA can be CG> presumed over querying instances, but reasoning about possibilities, as CG> one would want to to do ontological intensional reasoning, is best CG> served by the open world assumption. Indeed F-logic (the FLORID and the FLORA implementations e.g.) like Prolog is Turing complete. However there are decidable fragements. But then again, one (well, at least we) don't use it for reasoning but for "formula evaluation" over a given instance. Of course using function symbols you can reduce reasoning to a query evaluation problem (see the paper by David Toman in last year's DL workshop). For specialized reasoning tasks, in particular with description logics, there is no doubt that specialized reasoning engines are the way to go and that they clearly outperform other approaches. A perfect example is FACT! CG> d) RDF, though a simple graph model, is weak but it is promising for CG> data integration and does have some reasoning capabilities. The point of CG> RDF as a graph model is really to support data aggregration through CG> graph matching -- in the way that TAP does for example CG> (http://tap.stanford.edu/). You shouldn't lose sight of the fact that CG> the Semantic Web movement if actually about DATA INTEGRATION and not CG> about AI at all. This sometimes gets forgotten :-) that's true. I sometime try to "de-worry" people about the complexity of some languages and then make some (only slightly) simplifying statements such as "RDF is just labeled graphs or triples -- done". Please forgive =B-) CG> e) One of the import things you should not lose sight of is the CG> "semantic continuum" (trademark Mike Uschold). By this I mean that some CG> of your ontologies will be no more that simple hierarchies, and some CG> will need subsumption reasoning. And some will want other forms of CG> reasoning that take them out of the decidability camp. Moreover, you CG> will want to slide along this continuum --starting simple and then CG> selectively elaborating. Or even going the other way and selectively CG> simplifying. Have a language that allows you to say as little or as much CG> as you want in the same framework, and provides reasoning support for CG> evolution, is darn handy. That is why we use DAML+OIL. CG> CG> f) Finally -- take care about ontology development vs ontology CG> deployment. You could use all sort of fancy stuff in design (and I would CG> argue that it is needed - see (a) ) but then generate a simple CG> representation for deployment -- say in RDF, or even Topic Maps. You CG> cannot assume in the Grid or the Web that your deductive database or CG> your reasoning engine is available, but you still want to get something CG> out of your metadata. CG> CG> Conclusion -- there is no one technology, we need a basket of CG> technologies working in consort that do the best job for what you need. I couldn't agree more -- and I hope that if you take the conjunction of my statements that you can derive "false" (i.e., derive an inconsistency ;-) Bertram CG> CG> Carole CG> From - Sun Oct 20 19:22:30 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g9BM7O32008441; Sat, 12 Oct 2002 00:07:24 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g9BM7O602541; Sat, 12 Oct 2002 00:07:24 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAEzaG9e; Sat, 12 Oct 02 00:07:23 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g9BLkiXY010318 for ; Fri, 11 Oct 2002 14:46:44 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g9BLkiwD010316 for semantics-list; Fri, 11 Oct 2002 14:46:44 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from mail630.gsfc.nasa.gov (mail630.gsfc.nasa.gov [128.183.190.39]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g9BLkgXY010313 for ; Fri, 11 Oct 2002 14:46:43 -0700 Received: from gsfc.nasa.gov (ram.gsfc.nasa.gov [128.183.114.136]) by mail630.gsfc.nasa.gov (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g9BM6iI19067 for ; Fri, 11 Oct 2002 18:06:44 -0400 Message-ID: <3DA74B67.8030602@gsfc.nasa.gov> Date: Fri, 11 Oct 2002 18:06:31 -0400 From: Ed Shaya Reply-To: edward.j.shaya.1@gsfc.nasa.gov User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.0rc3) Gecko/20020523 X-Accept-Language: en-us, en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: semantics@us-vo.org Subject: [Fwd: SMORE - Semantic Markup, Ontology, and RDF Editor (version 2.0b) available] Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: O X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 29 X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: eb767e1b21aa8166776adea2f5ffb803 -------- Original Message -------- Subject: SMORE - Semantic Markup, Ontology, and RDF Editor (version 2.0b) available Date: Wed, 9 Oct 2002 21:05:45 -0700 (PDT) From: Aditya Kalyanpur Reply-To: Aditya Kalyanpur To: gswsg@listserv.gsfc.nasa.gov, www-rdf-interest@w3.org Hi, SMORE - Semantic Markup, Ontology, and RDF Editor version 2.0b is now available for download. The aim of this tool is to allow users to markup their documents in RDF/XML using web ontologies in association with user-defined terms and elements. For a brief introduction and download link, please check the following url: http://www.mindswap.org/~aditkal/editor.shtml Feel free to try the beta version and let me know your thoughts on it. Thanks, Aditya. MIND SWAP Research Group (http://www.mindswap.org) University of Maryland, College Park __________________________________________________ Do you Yahoo!? Faith Hill - Exclusive Performances, Videos & More http://faith.yahoo.com From - Sun Oct 20 19:22:34 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g9HAKk83006561; Thu, 17 Oct 2002 12:20:47 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g9HAKkq05107; Thu, 17 Oct 2002 12:20:46 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAn3aq_j; Thu, 17 Oct 02 12:20:45 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g9H9xNXY016646 for ; Thu, 17 Oct 2002 02:59:23 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g9H9xNAa016644 for semantics-list; Thu, 17 Oct 2002 02:59:23 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from apollo.le.ac.uk (mailsend.le.ac.uk [143.210.16.125]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g9H9xMXY016641 for ; Thu, 17 Oct 2002 02:59:23 -0700 Received: from mail.star.le.ac.uk ([143.210.36.58]) by apollo.le.ac.uk with smtp (Exim 3.16 #1) id 1827lN-0006hH-00 for semantics@us-vo.org; Thu, 17 Oct 2002 11:20:21 +0100 Received: (qmail 23193 invoked from network); 17 Oct 2002 10:20:44 -0000 Received: from bunyip.star.le.ac.uk (HELO bunyip) (143.210.36.181) by mail.star.le.ac.uk with SMTP; 17 Oct 2002 10:20:44 -0000 Reply-To: From: "Tony Linde" To: Subject: RE: UCDs, metadata and AstroOntology Date: Thu, 17 Oct 2002 11:20:19 +0100 Organization: University of Leicester Message-ID: <000701c275c6$cba640c0$b524d28f@bunyip> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.3416 In-Reply-To: X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Importance: Normal Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: d6de7188cf6cc321a89e21af7589369b > -----Original Message----- > From: owner-semantics@us-vo.org > [mailto:owner-semantics@us-vo.org] On Behalf Of Anita Richards > Sent: 16 October 2002 14:38 ... > In practice, catalogues might contain any information > anywhere... I guess this relates to 'annotation' - the process of adding metadata to articles, data tables etc. A big job but one that CDS does now and which the bioinformaticians have obviously developed various bits of software to help with. > ... As I understand it, the UCDs _are_ the meta data > for each column but they are dynamic, ie built up out of > atoms from the column or the header or possibly higher levels > depending on the query. I'm not sure I understand what you mean by them being dynamic. Once a UCD is assigned to a column, it is fixed, n'est-ce pas? > -----Original Message----- > From: Guy Rixon [mailto:gtr@ast.cam.ac.uk] > Sent: 16 October 2002 15:48 ... > ... For me, UCDs ARE > metadata but ARE NOT names. I think I'm getting the message now :) And I guess I should have realised that from the name: unified column DESCRIPTORS. > I propose that a programme reading, say, a VOTable should be > able to find and use columns of that table for which it knows > the semantics independently of some ontological service. Which is basically saying that all or some of the metadata should be embedded in the VOTable, so any piece of data should carry its metadata around with it. I have no argument with that, though I guess in some cases it'll be better not to (cannot think of an example offhand). > 1. To make the parsing self-contained. Collating bits of > metadata from many parts of a document makes a programme complicated. I don't think I agree with that. To me, parsing is always more difficult than looking in a specific place for a specific piece of data. If metadata is carried in a specific place in the VOTable, it'll be relatively easy for a program to look for it there and use it. As you said above, UCDs are metadata, not column names, so why not use the column names as the column names and store the metadata separately in a form that makes it easy to access and use. > -----Original Message----- > From: Ray Plante [mailto:rplante@poplar.ncsa.uiuc.edu] > Sent: 16 October 2002 16:05 ... > Last week, a number of us attended a workshop at SAO on > developing data models for the VO... Do you have a write-up on any papers presented or outcomes of the meeting? > As many of you know, I'm partial to a data-model-based metadata > definition; I'm not sure what you mean by 'data-model-based metadata', Ray? Can you explain this more or point to any papers you've written that expalin it? Thanks. Cheers, Tony. __ Tony Linde Phone: +44 (0)116 223 1292 AstroGrid Project Manager Fax: +44 (0)116 252 3311 Dept of Physics & Astronomy Mobile: +44 (0)7753 603356 University of Leicester Email: ael@star.le.ac.uk Leicester, UK LE1 7RH Web: http://www.astrogrid.org From - Mon Oct 21 10:06:45 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g9L84pje016969; Mon, 21 Oct 2002 10:04:56 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g9L84nd12567; Mon, 21 Oct 2002 10:04:49 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAWJaWIy; Mon, 21 Oct 02 10:04:49 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g9L7gUXY032202 for ; Mon, 21 Oct 2002 00:42:30 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g9L7gUmY032200 for semantics-list; Mon, 21 Oct 2002 00:42:30 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from m1.cs.man.ac.uk (m1.cs.man.ac.uk [130.88.192.2]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g9L7gIXY032197 for ; Mon, 21 Oct 2002 00:42:29 -0700 Received: from mailhost by m1.cs.man.ac.uk (8.8.8/AL/MJK-2.0) id RAA26771; Fri, 18 Oct 2002 17:22:12 +0100 (BST) Received: from potato ([130.88.196.149]) by mailhost with esmtp (Exim 3.36 #1) id 182Zt3-0003Gh-00 for semantics@us-vo.org; Fri, 18 Oct 2002 17:22:09 +0100 Date: Fri, 18 Oct 2002 17:24:13 +0100 (GMT Daylight Time) From: Sean Bechhofer To: semantics@us-vo.org Subject: Re: Use of DAML+OIL/SkiCal and iCalendar in DAML+OIL In-Reply-To: <3DA00E1E.5D0F85B7@cs.man.ac.uk> Message-ID: X-X-Sender: seanb@mailhost.cs.man.ac.uk MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: 82f929f6d9fbf562abc34ab1a8724f33 I think I tried to post this a while back, but it didn't seem to come through.... On Sun, 6 Oct 2002, Alan Rector wrote: > Tony - Dan, Libby and Greg > > Thanks to Tony for bringing the paper to our attention. > > A question for the authors... > > Most of the issues concern namespaces and equivalence which I > shall leave to Sean. > Towards the end of the paper you have an almost throw away comment > that > > "Another significant problem was the awkward syntax and limited > expressivity..." > > Leaving aside the awkward syntax, I would be curious to know specific > examples of the problems with expressivity in your concrete > task. The reference to Pat Hayes isn't helpful because I know > his theoretical position. The question is, "What happens in practice?" I too (as an implementor) have struggled with the issue of awkward syntax. Collaping the richer models down into the RDF triple model makes things hard (from an implementation point of view) and produces effectively unreadable syntax (from a user point of view). However, that shouldn't necessarily be a problem -- rather it's a requirement for good end-user tools. RDF shouldn't be seen as a human readable syntax, but as a mechanism for exchange between machines. As with Alan, I'd be interested in knowing where the expressivity is insufficient. In the concluding section, there's a comment: "Where DAML+oil is used to describe relations between objects in ontologies written by different authors, connecting the ontologies involves hypothesising what the author meant by the ontology. A machine readable DAML+oil ontology does not capture all the aspects of the world in the area which it claims to represent, and so there is immense potential for error, still more so when the ontologies are defined in RDF Schema or Mime directories or other means less precise than DAML+oil." This is a good point, and one that's present regardless of the representation used. One of our hypotheses is that the explicit modelling capabilities of richer languages will help to alleviate the problems of interpreting the author's original intent. "Even within a single ontology, the degree of precision that DAML+oil enables you to describe between objects is in many cases greater than the degree of precision that you know pertains in those particular circumstances. This means that arbitrary decisions are made for those descriptions, leading to errors of interpretation, and, paradoxically, a reduction in precision, because of the introduction of this random noise." Again, are there examples of this? The use of a rich language does not mandate that one has to use all the functionality. We could quite easily define simple taxonomies (or even a completely flat vocabulary) using D+O. Indeed, one of our approaches to building models is to do precisely this -- start out with a simple taxonomic structure and then incrementally refine this through definition. Greg later wrote: >I am sure all these problems are old hat for others and I am surely the >least qualified to criticize DAML+OIL. After the fact I would say that >SkiCal just wasn't "hierarchal" enough to make sense in DAML+OIL and I am >not quite sure what would be, but Alan has asked for a response, maybe we >can talk a bit about this on Wednesday and I can brush up on the work and >be more concrete, otherwise I realize that this too is an "argument with >out evidence". Looking briefly at the iCal format, it does look to be lacking many intensionally defined classes, which is the sort of area that D+O is good at tackling. iCal seems rather to give a kind of top level schema for the sort of information that you might want to store about events. I think that where this kind of scenario would benefit is in the modelling of the vocabulary that is then used to populate that schema. For example, the kinds of person that may be involved in an event, or the different kinds of venue where an event may be held. Cheers, Sean -- Sean Bechhofer seanb@cs.man.ac.uk http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~seanb From - Thu Nov 14 11:30:58 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id gAEAF6R4014642; Thu, 14 Nov 2002 11:15:06 +0100 (MET) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id gAEAF5w17831; Thu, 14 Nov 2002 11:15:05 +0100 (MET) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAaNai0I; Thu, 14 Nov 02 11:15:04 +0100 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id gAE9mmXY020864 for ; Thu, 14 Nov 2002 01:48:48 -0800 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id gAE9mmGE020862 for semantics-list; Thu, 14 Nov 2002 01:48:48 -0800 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from pc2-rdng1-5-cust181.winn.cable.ntl.com (ANON@pc2-rdng1-5-cust181.winn.cable.ntl.com [80.3.253.181]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with SMTP id gAE9mhXY020859 for ; Thu, 14 Nov 2002 01:48:46 -0800 Received: from bigfoot.com (mailexcite.com [120.12.217.109]) by netcom.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id 32524 for ; Thu, 14 Nov 2002 10:14:24 +0000 From: "simz" To: "" Subject: Bulk Email Sending & Bullet Proof Web Hosting X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.2627 Date: Thu, 14 Nov 2002 10:14:24 +0000 Message-ID: <145828583vhpdqwlfvCxv0yr1ruj@juno.com> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: d01af5d062c0d88e567a770bea7db182 We offer you e-mail addresses databases for advertisement mailing; we sell databases also carry out mailing and hosting for the advertising projects. 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From - Fri Sep 27 13:41:47 2002 Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by web3.hq.eso.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g8R9xHNN026513; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 11:59:17 +0200 (MET DST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id g8R9wWq22531; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 11:58:32 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu(131.215.145.175) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAkraqaS; Fri, 27 Sep 02 11:58:31 +0200 Received: from mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8R9f4XY001624 for ; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 02:41:04 -0700 Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) id g8R9f4AZ001622 for semantics-list; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 02:41:04 -0700 X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.cacr.caltech.edu: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@us-vo.org using -f Received: from artemis.le.ac.uk (artemis.le.ac.uk [143.210.16.126]) by mercury.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.4/8.12.4/Debian-4) with ESMTP id g8R9f2XY001619 for ; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 02:41:03 -0700 Received: from mail.star.le.ac.uk ([143.210.36.58] helo=happy.star.le.ac.uk) by artemis.le.ac.uk with smtp (Exim 3.16 #1) id 17urtR-0001Jz-00 for semantics@us-vo.org; Fri, 27 Sep 2002 10:58:41 +0100 Received: (qmail 17081 invoked from network); 27 Sep 2002 09:59:04 -0000 Received: from bunyip.star.le.ac.uk (HELO bunyip) (143.210.36.181) by webcache.star.le.ac.uk with SMTP; 27 Sep 2002 09:59:04 -0000 Reply-To: From: "Tony Linde" To: Subject: UCL2DAML Date: Fri, 27 Sep 2002 10:58:40 +0100 Organization: University of Leicester Message-ID: <010601c2660c$75052f70$b524d28f@bunyip> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.3416 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Importance: Normal Sender: owner-semantics@us-vo.org Precedence: bulk X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: U X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: X-UIDL: a4698421b4fc8deacc81e478c353b553 >From http://freshmeat.net/projects/ju2d/?topic_id=97%2C135: 'The Uml2Daml Converter is a GUI application for automated transformation of UML 1.4 class-diagramms (in XMI 1.1) into DAML+OIL ontologies. It is also possible to visualise the ontologies as directed graphs. Since transformations are based on the XMI 1.1 standard, DAML+OIL ontoligies can be modelled by using any UML tool which is able to produce XMI 1.1/UML 1.4 compilant exports (such as TogetherJ 6.0).' Home page is at: http://www.jdev.de/html/en/projects/uml2daml/index.html?select=menu1&ite m=menu1_3 and download at: http://www.jdev.de/files/downloads/jdev-u2d-0.1.tar.gz I've not managed to get it to work under windows so far. Cheers, Tony. __ Tony Linde Phone: +44 (0)116 223 1292 AstroGrid Project Manager Fax: +44 (0)116 252 3311 Dept of Physics & Astronomy Mobile: +44 (0)7753 603356 University of Leicester Email: tol@star.le.ac.uk Leicester, UK LE1 7RH Web: http://www.astrogrid.org From - Wed Feb 5 16:41:36 2003 X-UIDL: 3df25b3100000662 X-Mozilla-Status: 0001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.6/8.12.6) with ESMTP id h15FdkPV000850 for ; Wed, 5 Feb 2003 16:39:46 +0100 (MET) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id h15Fdjh16464 for ; Wed, 5 Feb 2003 16:39:45 +0100 (MET) Received: from ny2.fastmail.fm(66.111.4.3) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAg1a4jG; Wed, 5 Feb 03 16:39:44 +0100 Received: from server2.fastmail.fm (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by fastmail.fm (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7FE9F195B3 for ; Wed, 5 Feb 2003 10:39:09 -0500 (EST) Received: from 127.0.0.1 ([127.0.0.1] helo=server2.fastmail.fm) by fastmail.fm with SMTP; Wed, 05 Feb 2003 10:39:09 -0500 Received: by server2.fastmail.fm (Postfix, from userid 99) id 7B49B4845E; Wed, 5 Feb 2003 10:39:09 -0500 (EST) Content-Disposition: inline Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1" MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Mailer: MIME::Lite 1.2 (F2.71; T1.001; A1.51; B2.12; Q2.03) From: "Tony Linde" To: "semantic" Date: Wed, 05 Feb 2003 15:39:09 +0000 X-Epoch: 1044459549 X-Sasl-enc: jVKipo3zRq0rqv5m2xA+tg Subject: Fwd: astronomy ontology... from Ottawa? Message-Id: <20030205153909.7B49B4845E@server2.fastmail.fm> X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: An interesting starting point for an AstroOntology... On Wed, 5 Feb 2003 14:30:19 +0000 (GMT), "Elizabeth Auden" said: > Hi, > > While looking for a definition of white dwarf stars, I just stumbled > blindly across a very good candidate for an astronomy ontology (complete > with elements and relationships): > > > http://www.site.uottawa.ca:4321/astronomy/index.html > > > > The page with white dwarf info, for example, is > > http://www.site.uottawa.ca:4321/astronomy/index.html/#whitedwarf > > > cheers, > Elizabeth > > > > __ Tony Linde Phone: +44 (0)116 223 1292 AstroGrid Project Manager Fax: +44 (0)116 252 3311 Dept of Physics & Astronomy Mobile: +44 (0)7753 603356 University of Leicester Email: ael@star.le.ac.uk Leicester, UK LE1 7RH Web: http://www.astrogrid.org -- http://fastmail.fm - Choose from over 50 domains or use your own From - Mon Feb 17 15:00:42 2003 X-UIDL: 3df25b3100000886 X-Mozilla-Status: 0011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.6/8.12.6) with ESMTP id h1HDuvdC014098 for ; Mon, 17 Feb 2003 14:56:57 +0100 (MET) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id h1HDuuq13376 for ; Mon, 17 Feb 2003 14:56:56 +0100 (MET) Received: from mail.gft.de(213.68.142.133) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAMYa4hA; Mon, 17 Feb 03 14:56:56 +0100 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.0.6249.0 content-class: urn:content-classes:message MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Subject: Re: [Fwd: SMORE - Semantic Markup, Ontology, and RDF Editor (version 2.0b) available] Date: Mon, 17 Feb 2003 14:56:32 +0100 Message-ID: X-MS-Has-Attach: X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: Thread-Topic: Re: [Fwd: SMORE - Semantic Markup, Ontology, and RDF Editor (version 2.0b) available] Thread-Index: AcLWjGCO4PJemLekTBuYUaoNTzgZ2A== From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?=22Fr=F6mmer=2C_Mathias=22?= To: X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by mercury.hq.eso.org id h1HDvOdC014106 Status: Hello, I would like to start the SMORE Browser, where do I enter my proxy-settings. > Kind regards > _________________________________________________ > > Mathias Frömmer > Ingenieur-Assistent (BA) > > > GFT Technologies AG > > Curiestraße 5 > D-70563 Stuttgart > T +49-7 11-620 42-176 > F +49-7 11-620 41-101 > M +49-160-781 91 97 > mathias.froemmer@gft.com > www.gft.com > _________________________________________________ > > > From - Sat Feb 22 01:59:01 2003 X-UIDL: 3df25b31000009a3 X-Mozilla-Status: 0001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.6/8.12.6) with ESMTP id h1M0ZLPj009219 for ; Sat, 22 Feb 2003 01:56:30 +0100 (MET) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id h1M0QVd18561 for ; Sat, 22 Feb 2003 01:26:31 +0100 (MET) Received: from lsstmail.org(140.252.1.54) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAA77aGpK; Sat, 22 Feb 03 01:26:30 +0100 Received: from [209.155.156.44] (account tody HELO lepus.tuc.noao.edu) by noao.edu (CommuniGate Pro SMTP 4.0.3) with ESMTP-TLS id 6579653 for semantics@ivoa.net; Fri, 21 Feb 2003 17:25:11 -0700 Date: Fri, 21 Feb 2003 17:25:35 -0700 (MST) From: Doug Tody X-X-Sender: dtody@localhost.localdomain To: semantics Subject: WWW 2003 Workshop on E-Services and the Semantic Web (fwd) Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: ---------- Forwarded message ---------- Date: Fri, 21 Feb 2003 13:52:04 -0600 From: Mike Wilde To: all@griphyn.org Subject: WWW 2003 Workshop on E-Services and the Semantic Web CALL FOR PAPERS WWW 2003 Workshop on E-Services and the Semantic Web Budapest, Hungary Tuesday, May 20, 2003 Workshop Co-Chairs: Fabio Casati (Hewlett-Packard Labs, Palo Alto, USA), E-mail: fabio_casati@hp.com Dimitris Plexousakis (ICS-FORTH and University of Crete, Greece) E-mail: dp@ics.forth.gr Workshop web page: http://www.ics.forth.gr/isl/essw2003/ Theme of the Workshop --------------------- Two important trends are emerging in the World Wide Web. The first is the proliferation of electronic services (e-services) and in particular of Web services. The second is the emergence of the so-called "Semantic Web". The confluence of these trends forms the basis for this workshop. The application of Semantic Web technologies to e-services requires the specification of service capabilities and behaviors. Such descriptions will enable the automation of a variety of tasks, including e-service discovery, invocation, composition and interoperation. The upcoming technology of electronic services enables the development and deployment of loosely coupled, interoperable, distributed, heterogeneous systems. These will help establish relationships amongst service providers, customers and intermediaries more rapidly and with reduced setup time and cost. The industry has provided the initial building blocks for programmatic access to e-services, through standards such as UDDI, WSDL, ebXML, BPEL and SOAP, and through e-service platforms such as WebLogic, .Net and WebSphere. Nevertheless, many issues remain largely unresolved. In particular, many of the initial goals of the early e-service and Semantic Web visionaries, such as dynamic discovery, binding, and composition of e-services as well as their secure and reliable execution, are yet to be reached. The resolution of these issues, possibly through the provision of machine-interpretable e-service descriptions through the emergence of the Semantic Web, could enable fundamentally new approaches to finding, assembling, executing, and monitoring e-services. Workshop Topics and Objectives ----------------------------- The "E-Services and the Semantic Web" workshop will provide a forum for presentation and discussion of theoretical foundations, computational techniques, and emerging systems technologies for e-service description, discovery, and composition. This will include investigation of e-services issues in: - the application of the Semantic Web paradigm to e-services - workflow and distributed systems (e.g., process models for e-services, transactional properties, security, optimization) - AI (e.g., knowledge representation and reasoning, ontologies, planning, and verification) - databases (e.g., metadata, data management) The workshop will also address principled applications of these technologies in areas such as e-commerce, e-business, health care, scientific computing, education, and e-government. The following is a non-exhaustive list of topics of interest to the workshop: Formal Models and Languages for Service Description Process Models for Composite Services Service Descriptions and Ontologies Service Registration, Discovery, and Selection Service Assembly, Interoperation, and Re-use Execution and Monitoring of Composite Services Reasoning about Services and Composite Services Verification, Proof and Trust Agents Personalization and Preference Languages Security Cross-enterprise service interoperation Transactional Aspects Performance Aspects Distributed and Ambient Computing Database Services for the Semantic Web Business and Payment Models Standards Applications in Business, Education, Healthcare, Science, Government Paper Submission and Review -------------------------- Papers should be submitted via email to the workshop co-chairs (fabio_casati@hp.com, dp@ics.forth.gr). Papers submitted to the workshop will undergo a peer-review process overseen by the program committee co-chairs. Each paper will be reviewed by three program commitee members. Accepted papers will appear in informal electronic and/or printed proceedings that will be made available prior to the workshop. Selected workshop papers will possibly be invited for inclusion in a special issue of an international journal. Papers should not exceed 5000 words (approximately 12 pages) in length and must be submitted in Postscript or PDF. Short papers (up to 6 pages) describing early research results are also welcome. Important Dates --------------- Deadline of electronic submission: March 10, 2003 Author notification: April 14, 2003 Workshop: May 20, 2003 Workshop Program Committee: Gustavo Alonso (ETH Zurich) Boualem Benatallah (Univ. of South Wales) Bernard Burg (Hewlett-Packard Corp.) Chris Bussler (Oracle Corp., USA) Vassilis Christophides (ICS-FORTH, Greece) Sara Comai (Politecnico di Milano, Italy) Jonathan Dale (Fujitsu Labs of America, USA) Asuman Dogac (Middle East Technical University, Turkey) Alon Halevy (Univ. of Washington, USA) Sheila McIlraith (Stanford University, USA) Peter Patel-Schneider (Bell Labs, USA) Barbara Pernici (Politechnico Di Milano, Italy) Jerome Simeon (Bell Labs, USA) Mike Wilde (Argonne National Laboratory, USA) Steven Willmott (Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Spain) Workshop Steering Committee: Fabio Casati (Hewlett-Packard) Vassilis Christophides (ICS-FORTH Crete, Greece) Rick Hull (Lucent) Sheila McIlraith (Stanford University) Dimitris Plexousakis (University of Crete, Greece) From - Thu Mar 20 20:25:41 2003 X-UIDL: 3e5baf6500000283 X-Mozilla-Status: 0001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.6/8.12.6) with ESMTP id h2KJP4HA022663 for ; Thu, 20 Mar 2003 20:25:04 +0100 (MET) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id h2KJP3r01726 for ; Thu, 20 Mar 2003 20:25:03 +0100 (MET) Received: from mail630.gsfc.nasa.gov(128.183.190.39) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAUkaGxd; Thu, 20 Mar 03 20:25:02 +0100 Received: from gsfc.nasa.gov (ram.gsfc.nasa.gov [128.183.114.136]) by mail630.gsfc.nasa.gov (8.12.8/8.12.5) with ESMTP id h2KJNqPT007039 for ; Thu, 20 Mar 2003 14:23:53 -0500 Message-ID: <3E7A14FA.5000203@gsfc.nasa.gov> Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 14:22:34 -0500 From: Ed Shaya Reply-To: edward.j.shaya.1@gsfc.nasa.gov User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.2) Gecko/20021126 X-Accept-Language: en-us, en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: semantics@ivoa.net Subject: Ontology/Metadata/Query Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: I send this now only to the Knowledge Engineering discussion group. If after the flames die down there are still pieces left, I will submit it to the Metadata discussion group. If any stubs remain after that, it can go to the VO Query Language discussion group where it hopefully can be a basis for query development. Let's first look at a high level model of astronomical knowledge, a sort of ontology on which to base astronomical ontology. After this, we can look into a highest level data model and then see if we can somehow tie them together so that queries for knowledge can be transformed into queries on data via a data model. For this paper, I just examine the mappings between knowledge and data and not worry about the mechanics of when or which application takes care of each step. 1. Ontology 1.1 Classes Each class has a name, definition, indicative properties, and prototypes. Instances of a class are commonly called objects. A definition may be held in free flowing text, but it usually includes a set of defining properties within prescribed ranges. There may be other properties that are not official defining properties, but also typically lie within a range and so indicate possible membership to the class. Other classes may be subclasses or superclasses of a given class. There would be only one superclass for each class if they reside in a hierarchical scheme, but allowing for more than one allows for more general and complex topical maps. The properties of a subclass would always have property values with ranges within the ranges of the class. Prototypes are merely good, nearby instances of the class. 1.2 Properties Each property type has a name, definition, domain of applicability, and range of possible values. Instances of property types are simply called properties. Properties always have names and value (sometimes called an argument). A value may be numbers, string, a numerical range, or a list of strings, numbers or objects of a class. The more general case of a bag of heterogeneous object types can be avoided since there can be a separate property for each class in the range. The values of a property usually refer to direct measurement values on an object or to a mathematical expression involving direct measurement values. Part of a property's definition may include instruction on how to create it from a combination of other properties. The domain is simply the set of classes for which the property type is valid. I am not sure it is absolutely necessary to actually make such an accounting for astronomy. If no data center responds to a query for a specific property on a specific class, then you know all you need to know. However, if one provides full domain information for a property one might prevent many fruitless, time consuming queries from occurring. Perhaps domains can be periodically updated from the registry. 1.3 Modifiers Properties may require modifiers and these also have name and values. An example of a modifier is withinApertureOfSize that modifies a brightness property or hasNeighbor. Another example is epoch which states the time of the measurement of a property. Modifiers may require modifiers, as in units of an aperture size etc. Modifier values usually refer to metadata about the instrument, where and when it was used to make a property measurement. 1.4 A Property Space Two or more properties can be combined to create a property space, that is, an N-dimensional combination of N properties. Rather than expressing the range of each dimension as a simple segment on the number line, an N-d geometric shape is required. One way of expressing a polygon in this space is to declare a vector with a specified order for the N properties and then list a set of such vectors that point to the vertices of the polygon. More complex shapes would require mathematical expressions describing the property shape. Perhaps SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) would be helpful for describing this as well. 1.5 Hierarchical Classification Schemes In astronomy, there are several general sets of classes that are arranged into hierarchical classification schemes. If we wish to think of these in analogy to trees, then at the base of each tree is a single object type that generalizes the scheme and every subtype of astronomical object sits on top as branches extending from the base. Each branch, extending from the base or extending from another branch is called a class. In astronomy the most prominent instance of this is the classification of astronomical objects that has at its base any type of object in space, astroObject. Other examples of this are optical instruments, particles (elementary, atoms, and molecules). But, note well, often the relationships as one traverses from one level to the next changes. Some classes are related to its parent via a subclassOf property, ie. the properties of the child class takes a subset of values, while others are connected by isMemberOf or isComponentOf. 1.7 Topical Map A topical map is similar to a classification scheme except that a class can have more than one parent class, thus the topology would be considerably more complex. A simple example of this: galaxy has parent classes stellar system and nebula. I would suspect that property types would require this as well. It is probably unavoidable that every hierarchical classification scheme turns into a topical map as greater details are added. 2. Data Model We begin (and end) with a common model of information and data, that there exists data and metadata. Data, in the NVO context, should refer to numerical values of the properties of astronomical objects (real or simulated) and possibly also to instrument calibration results. Description and preservation of these values is, and always has been, the primary function of data repositories in astronomy. And, if we make this semantic distinction between data and metadata it becomes easier to tie astronomical knowledge to data through class properties. For each data value there exists several layers of metadata (real and virtual) that helps to specify the context of the value. Metadata elements consists of metadata terms, sometimes referred to as keywords, and metadata values. A metadata element can hold a value or list of values or another element. If we wish, we can adopt a VO rule that the mixed case of an element having a value and a child element is forbidden. Then, one has terms that are used to collect together a number of other terms, and terms that merely hold values. What we commonly call the items of our data centers, the images, tables, collections, data sets, can easily be recast into this model and then the VO designers do not need to look too hard at the particular demarcations set by each data center for these vaguely defined items. A look at two common types should help to understand this. A typical table consists of a list of records; each record is a list of fields that are, for the most part property values of an object given by the ID value, usually at the beginning of the record. The data are the property values and the ID value is actually a metadata value specifying the object in study. There is metadata for each field explicitly giving detailed information about the name of the property in each field plus modifiers required of the property type. On occasion there are exceptional fields that hold metadata rather than data, such as an epoch which modifies the measurement property. Because queries are usually formed as constraints in coordinate values, the data center's search tool needs to be alerted that certain constraints are going to require looking through the tabular values. It is therefore important that the resource take note that some of the metadata values are in the fields of the tables. An image is a bit more deceptive. Each cell in the image is a datum. Where that cell pertains to in the sky and when the image was taken are metadata values, but it is in a condensed form. The headers of the image provide coordinate frame of reference and positioning information so that the coordinates of the cell can be calculated by a standard algorithm. Nevertheless, to a high level query system there should not be a distinction between obtaining the metadata value at that coordinate if the metadata for that cell is in an algorithmic form in a header or explicitly present as it would be in a table. Are coordinate positions metadata or data? Are they properties or modifier of properties? The answer depends on the context. The location of an object is a property. So if you are asking for the location of a star there is hopefully datavailable on the centroid of its brightness. If one asks for a brightness profile, then one is asking for brightness data and one uses the coordinate metadata on the location of each data point to form a brightness profile. Thus a query on brightness distributions is a property search but the required constraints on the coordinates are modifiers. 3. Transforming Problem Statements into Data Query Language. 3.1 Mappings Keeping the discussion at this level of abstractness is helpful because indeed one can plug in any specific metadata vocabulary and/or ontology and it would not change anything here. And it appears, atleast at this vantage point, that software could be developed that allows query for knowledge using the above high level ontological concepts and that the connection to the data in the above data model context can be reliably made. Properties map into data which resides at the top of the metadata/data hierarchy, property modifiers map into metadata terms close to the property elements, objects map to ID fields or object metadata. Class maps to class metadata, but queries that ask to descend or ascend the hierarchy/topic map will need to be sent to a specially prepared classification database. If the software is written with this level of abstraction in mind, it should be quite easy to make modifications in metadata terminology without much fuss. A common knowledge query is to find objects that are constrained to a given set of property values. This then translates into finding data values with metadata terms corresponding to the property names or to the combination required to form the requested property. If a property has modifiers, it is important that both the query and the metadata at the data centers include these as well. And it is of course necessary that there is no mix up of modifiers that may also be used by some other property. If the search is constrained by a range in some property value it would be best if the metadata is queried for minimum/maximum or coverage information on the property before beginning an actual hunt through the data. Minimum and Maximum elements within a field is straightforward, but coverage/spectral is a bit more difficult to connect with a request for a specific wavelength band. 3.2 Quality report Whether the user asks for it or not, it is probably a good idea for quality information to travel with any property value. The display software needs to account for this and allow the user to show or hide this information. 3.3 Multiple responses 3.3.1 Multiple property values Several resources may respond with slightly different results. One needs to know the users desire on what to do with these. Choices are (weighted) average, mean, mode, standard deviation, or simply take the best quality one. Software MUST deal with this in some way, even if it is to take a simple average for everything. One nice procedure is to show, within a table cell, all of the values and then the requested statistic. 3.3.2 Multiple classification When a query is made for the class of an object, several resources may respond with different and perhaps contradictory classifications for a particular object. This could be a result of poor resolution, observational noise, or incomplete data. Not all multiple classifications are contradictory since it is possible for the property space of one class to overlap slightly with the property space of another class. Also, there may be incomplete observational data so that discrimination between classes is not yet possible. It is merited to return all classes attributed to a given object and links to the resource. At this time only a human can review the observational data to assess quality of classification. However, for the sake of large statistical studies there should be a user option to take either the most recent classification or to drop contradictory or ambiguous classifications. Statistics on the number of objects dropped should be reported to the user for this mode to be scientifically useful. 3.4 Namespace differences There are a host of subtle differences in terminology or their meanings that can exist between each resource and we politely refer to these as namespace differences. We know what to do when resources use different words to mean the same thing; provide namespaced vocabularies and then create translation software. The more difficult problems arise when the meanings are slightly different. An example of this that is often given is V_band flux. The so called V_band filters can differ significantly between observers resulting in differences in throughput that may depend on the color of the object. This issue can be rephrased into a question of how detailed and complete can we craft property modifiers. And, can we provide translation services between modified properties. For the V_band case, the band property modifiers needs to include specification on the band. Minimally, a name for the subclass of V_band filters can be given (perhaps, OCLI/F566 or something like that). There could be coefficients for transformation to standard Johnson V_band of the form (A0 + A1(B-V) + A2(B-V)^2 + A3(V-R) + A4(V-R)^2). Finally, there could be a table of the response curve as function of wavelength. The coefficients of transformation can be derived from that. This could be a link that is attached to the value of the property. Of course, to implement this you notice that a request for a V_band measurement turns out to be a request for B,V,R plus transformation coefficients etc. Such is the price for scientifically accurate knowledge. With time, data centers may choose to provide photometry pre-transformed into standardly used bands. Then the users will benefit from faster response time and the data center will benefit from lighter load on their servers. There are paths to ever improving transformation between differences in exact meaning of data values. However, sometimes the information has been lost over time and is not recoverable. All we can do there is to alert the user to this problem. Perhaps we will need to color code results (black means transformed, blue means links to transformations are available, red means no transformation is known). From - Thu Apr 3 16:26:55 2003 X-UIDL: 3e5baf6500000436 X-Mozilla-Status: 0001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.6/8.12.6) with ESMTP id h33EOPYB014480 for ; Thu, 3 Apr 2003 16:24:25 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id h33EOOj16608 for ; Thu, 3 Apr 2003 16:24:24 +0200 (MEST) Received: from apollo.le.ac.uk(143.210.16.125) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAA3aWBG; Thu, 3 Apr 03 16:24:24 +0200 Received: from [143.210.36.58] (helo=mail.star.le.ac.uk) by apollo.le.ac.uk with smtp (Exim 4.14) id 1915Zy-0005LF-EI for semantics@ivoa.net; Thu, 03 Apr 2003 15:20:34 +0100 Received: (qmail 22002 invoked from network); 3 Apr 2003 14:20:56 -0000 Received: from brolga.star.le.ac.uk (HELO brolga) (143.210.36.204) by mail.star.le.ac.uk with SMTP; 3 Apr 2003 14:20:56 -0000 Reply-To: From: "Tony Linde" To: "Semantics" Subject: Cover pages Date: Thu, 3 Apr 2003 15:20:38 +0100 Organization: University of Leicester Message-ID: <006601c2f9ec$330db690$cc24d28f@brolga> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.4510 Importance: Normal X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 X-Spam-Score: -99.4 (-----------------------------------------) X-Scanner: exiscan for exim4 *1915Zy-0005LF-EI*noa0GIBpZKg* X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by mercury.hq.eso.org id h33EOlYB014565 Status: >From the cover pages: "Curing the Web's Identity Crisis: Subject Indicators for RDF." By Steve Pepper and Sylvia Schwab (Ontopia). Ontopia Technical Report. March 2003. The paper describes the crisis of identity facing the World Wide Web rooted in a lack of clarity about the nature of 'resources'. http://www.ontopia.net/topicmaps/materials/identitycrisis.html http://xml.coverpages.org/xmlPapers200304.html#Pepper "Topic Maps Model (TMM)." By Steven R. Newcomb, Sam Hunting, Jan Algermissen, and Patrick Durusau. Produced for ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC34 Information Technology -- Document Description and Processing Languages. March 28, 2003. Editor's Draft, Revision 2.30. Reference: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC34 N0393. See also the previous version (1.0). This draft specifies the information structure of all topic maps, certain common properties of topics, and constraints on the values of those properties, etc. http://www.isotopicmaps.org/tmmm/TMMM-2.30/N0393.html http://xml.coverpages.org/xmlPapers200303.html#TMMM2 "Living With Topic Maps and RDF. Topic Maps, RDF, DAML, OIL, OWL, TMCL." By Lars Marius Garshol (Ontopia). Discusses how to do data conversion back and forth between the two, schema conversion, the use of OWL in topic maps, and the possibility for a common query language. http://www.ontopia.net/topicmaps/materials/tmrdf.html http://xml.coverpages.org/xmlPapers200303.html#Garshol __ Tony Linde Phone: +44 (0)116 223 1292 AstroGrid Project Manager Fax: +44 (0)116 252 3311 Dept of Physics & Astronomy Mobile: +44 (0)7753 603356 University of Leicester Email: ael@star.le.ac.uk Leicester, UK LE1 7RH Web: http://www.astrogrid.org From - Thu Apr 3 18:31:56 2003 X-UIDL: 3e5baf650000043d X-Mozilla-Status: 0011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.6/8.12.6) with ESMTP id h33GUfYB013675 for ; Thu, 3 Apr 2003 18:30:41 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id h33GUe524408 for ; Thu, 3 Apr 2003 18:30:40 +0200 (MEST) Received: from serenity.mcc.ac.uk(130.88.200.93) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAlDaWQV; Thu, 3 Apr 03 18:30:39 +0200 Received: from gomwe.mcc.ac.uk ([130.88.200.47]) by serenity.mcc.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 4.12) id 1917ae-0007LJ-00; Thu, 03 Apr 2003 17:29:24 +0100 Received: from goble.cs.man.ac.uk ([130.88.197.204] helo=cs.man.ac.uk) by gomwe.mcc.ac.uk with asmtp (TLSv1:RC4-MD5:128) (Exim 4.04) id 1917ae-0003Mu-00; Thu, 03 Apr 2003 17:29:24 +0100 Message-ID: <3E8C6162.50407@cs.man.ac.uk> Date: Thu, 03 Apr 2003 17:29:22 +0100 From: Carole Goble User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.0.2) Gecko/20021120 Netscape/7.01 X-Accept-Language: en-us, en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: ael@star.le.ac.uk CC: Semantics , dder@ecs.soton.ac.uk Subject: Re: Cover pages References: <006601c2f9ec$330db690$cc24d28f@brolga> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Authenticated-Sender: mbasscag from goble.cs.man.ac.uk (cs.man.ac.uk) [130.88.197.204] X-Authenticated-From: carole.a.goble@man.ac.uk X-Scanner: exiscan for exim4 (http://duncanthrax.net/exiscan/) *1917ae-0007LJ-00*7u073cI1PZ2* X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: Tony have you guys joined the GGF Sem-Grd mailing list yet? These would be useful contributions Carole >>From the cover pages: > >"Curing the Web's Identity Crisis: Subject Indicators for RDF." By Steve >Pepper and Sylvia Schwab (Ontopia). Ontopia Technical Report. March 2003. >The paper describes the crisis of identity facing the World Wide Web rooted >in a lack of clarity about the nature of 'resources'. >http://www.ontopia.net/topicmaps/materials/identitycrisis.html >http://xml.coverpages.org/xmlPapers200304.html#Pepper > >"Topic Maps Model (TMM)." By Steven R. Newcomb, Sam Hunting, Jan >Algermissen, and Patrick Durusau. Produced for ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC34 >Information Technology -- Document Description and Processing Languages. >March 28, 2003. Editor's Draft, Revision 2.30. Reference: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC34 >N0393. See also the previous version (1.0). This draft specifies the >information structure of all topic maps, certain common properties of >topics, and constraints on the values of those properties, etc. >http://www.isotopicmaps.org/tmmm/TMMM-2.30/N0393.html >http://xml.coverpages.org/xmlPapers200303.html#TMMM2 > >"Living With Topic Maps and RDF. Topic Maps, RDF, DAML, OIL, OWL, TMCL." By >Lars Marius Garshol (Ontopia). Discusses how to do data conversion back and >forth between the two, schema conversion, the use of OWL in topic maps, and >the possibility for a common query language. >http://www.ontopia.net/topicmaps/materials/tmrdf.html >http://xml.coverpages.org/xmlPapers200303.html#Garshol > >__ >Tony Linde Phone: +44 (0)116 223 1292 >AstroGrid Project Manager Fax: +44 (0)116 252 3311 >Dept of Physics & Astronomy Mobile: +44 (0)7753 603356 >University of Leicester Email: ael@star.le.ac.uk >Leicester, UK LE1 7RH Web: http://www.astrogrid.org > > > From - Thu Apr 3 23:56:55 2003 X-UIDL: 3e5baf6500000443 X-Mozilla-Status: 0001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.6/8.12.6) with ESMTP id h33Lq2Ga020247 for ; Thu, 3 Apr 2003 23:52:02 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id h33Lq2O09622 for ; Thu, 3 Apr 2003 23:52:02 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mta02-svc.ntlworld.com(62.253.162.42) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAw5aiYs; Thu, 3 Apr 03 23:52:01 +0200 Received: from brolga ([213.105.123.90]) by mta02-svc.ntlworld.com (InterMail vM.4.01.03.37 201-229-121-137-20020806) with ESMTP id <20030403215020.ZVGU9882.mta02-svc.ntlworld.com@brolga>; Thu, 3 Apr 2003 22:50:20 +0100 Reply-To: From: "Tony Linde" To: "SemGrid" , "Semantics" Subject: event Date: Thu, 3 Apr 2003 22:50:24 +0100 Organization: University of Leicester Message-ID: <008401c2fa2b$0800e7d0$cc24d28f@brolga> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.4510 Importance: Normal X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: Is this event any good? International Conference on Ontologies, Databases and Applications of SEmantics http://www.cs.rmit.edu.au/fedconf/odbase/2003/ __ Tony Linde Phone: +44 (0)116 223 1292 AstroGrid Project Manager Fax: +44 (0)116 252 3311 Dept of Physics & Astronomy Mobile: +44 (0)7753 603356 University of Leicester Email: ael@star.le.ac.uk Leicester, UK LE1 7RH Web: http://www.astrogrid.org From - Thu Apr 3 23:56:55 2003 X-UIDL: 3e5baf6500000442 X-Mozilla-Status: 0011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.6/8.12.6) with ESMTP id h33LriGa020918 for ; Thu, 3 Apr 2003 23:53:44 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id h33Lrho09711 for ; Thu, 3 Apr 2003 23:53:43 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mta02-svc.ntlworld.com(62.253.162.42) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAcQay9s; Thu, 3 Apr 03 23:53:43 +0200 Received: from brolga ([213.105.123.90]) by mta02-svc.ntlworld.com (InterMail vM.4.01.03.37 201-229-121-137-20020806) with ESMTP id <20030403215203.ZYVU9882.mta02-svc.ntlworld.com@brolga> for ; Thu, 3 Apr 2003 22:52:03 +0100 Reply-To: From: "Tony Linde" To: "'Semantics'" Subject: RE: Cover pages Date: Thu, 3 Apr 2003 22:52:06 +0100 Organization: University of Leicester Message-ID: <008601c2fa2b$450e2d90$cc24d28f@brolga> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.4510 Importance: Normal In-Reply-To: <3E8C6162.50407@cs.man.ac.uk> X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: I have now, Carole :) > -----Original Message----- > From: Carole Goble [mailto:carole@cs.man.ac.uk] > Sent: 03 April 2003 17:29 > To: ael@star.le.ac.uk > Cc: Semantics; dder@ecs.soton.ac.uk > Subject: Re: Cover pages > > > > > Tony > > have you guys joined the GGF Sem-Grd mailing list yet? These > would be > useful contributions > > Carole ... From - Tue Apr 29 11:14:49 2003 X-UIDL: 3e5baf6500000743 X-Mozilla-Status: 0001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Return-Path: Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.6/8.12.6) with ESMTP id h3T9ELWg005633; Tue, 29 Apr 2003 11:14:21 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id h3T9ELO20990; Tue, 29 Apr 2003 11:14:21 +0200 (MEST) Received: from newb6.u-strasbg.fr(130.79.128.16) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAMAaO_O; Tue, 29 Apr 03 11:14:20 +0200 Received: from astro.u-strasbg.fr (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by newb6.u-strasbg.fr (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA13552; Tue, 29 Apr 2003 11:12:28 +0200 (MET DST) Sender: derriere@newb6.u-strasbg.fr Message-ID: <3EAE41FB.E9DDB87E@astro.u-strasbg.fr> Date: Tue, 29 Apr 2003 11:12:27 +0200 From: Sebastien Derriere Organization: Observatoire de Strasbourg X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.7 [en] (X11; I; SunOS 5.6 sun4u) X-Accept-Language: en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: semantics@ivoa.net, ucd@ivoa.net Subject: ESSW03 paper accepted Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-MailScanner: Found to be clean by sophos at astro.u-strasbg.fr X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Status: Hello, The paper on UCDs that was submitted to the ESSW03 Workshop (E-Services and the Semantic Web) has been accepted! This Workshop is part of the 12th WWW conference held in Budapest this year (workshop on May 20). I have placed a copy of the paper on the Wiki Website: http://www.ivoa.net/twiki/bin/view/IVOA/IvoaUCD Sebastien. -- _______ / ~ /, Sebastien Derriere mailto:derriere@astro.u-strasbg.fr / ~~~~ // Observatoire de Strasbourg Phone +33 (0) 390 242 444 /______// 11, rue de l'universite Telefax +33 (0) 390 242 417 (______(/ F-67000 Strasbourg France From owner-grid@eso.org Fri Sep 19 11:22:39 2003 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.6/8.12.6) with ESMTP id h8J9MO5x014695 for ; Fri, 19 Sep 2003 11:22:24 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.6/8.12.6/Submit) id h8J9MO3j014693 for grid-outgoing; Fri, 19 Sep 2003 11:22:24 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-grid@eso.org using -f Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.6/8.12.6) with ESMTP id h8J9MF5x014601; Fri, 19 Sep 2003 11:22:15 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id h8J9MFI16262; Fri, 19 Sep 2003 11:22:15 +0200 (MEST) Received: from rose.csi.cam.ac.uk(131.111.8.13) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAAqyaOWF; Fri, 19 Sep 03 11:22:14 +0200 Received: from cass41.ast.cam.ac.uk ([131.111.69.186]) by rose.csi.cam.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 4.20) id 1A0HSt-0004Yu-TD; Fri, 19 Sep 2003 10:22:11 +0100 Received: from cappc57.ast.cam.ac.uk (iwasawa [131.111.68.188]) by cass41.ast.cam.ac.uk (8.12.9+Sun/8.12.9) with ESMTP id h8J9MBZD025164; Fri, 19 Sep 2003 10:22:11 +0100 (BST) Date: Fri, 19 Sep 2003 10:22:11 +0100 (BST) From: Nicholas Walton To: ivoa@ivoa.net, cc: semantic@ivoa.net, Subject: GGF Astro BOF Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: MULTIPART/MIXED; BOUNDARY="1870910533-250209383-1061565162=:2290" Content-ID: X-Cam-ScannerInfo: http://www.cam.ac.uk/cs/email/scanner/ X-Cam-AntiVirus: No virus found X-Cam-SpamDetails: Not scanned X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Sender: owner-grid@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: Nicholas Walton X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: This message is in MIME format. The first part should be readable text, while the remaining parts are likely unreadable without MIME-aware tools. Send mail to mime@docserver.cac.washington.edu for more info. --1870910533-250209383-1061565162=:2290 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; CHARSET=US-ASCII Content-ID: Dear All, at the upcoming Global Grid Forum meeting in Chicago (5-8 Oct 2003) - see www.ggf.org - there will be a Birds of a Feather session which starts of the process of forming a Astronomy Research Group at the GGF. I attach the draft charter to this message. This will give the Astro and IVOA VO communities a chance to input astro requirements into the 'grid' standards process. I would encourage those of you interested in this area to aim to attend this GGF meeting. Hope to see you there. (Note that early registration closes sept 26.) Please forward this message to those that may be interested. Yours Nic Walton ======================================================================== Dr N. A. Walton (AstroGrid Project Scientist) Tel: +44 1223 337503 Institute of Astronomy FAX: +44 1223 337523 University of Cambridge WWW: http://www.astrogrid.org Madingley Road WWW: http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~naw Cambridge, CB3 0HA email: naw@ast.cam.ac.uk ======================================================================== ----------- >From spartz@ggf.org Fri Sep 19 10:16:21 2003 Date: Thu, 18 Sep 2003 13:38:01 -0500 From: Clare Spartz To: ggf-membership@ggf.org Cc: membership@ggf.org Subject: [ggf-membership] Just Over Two Weeks Away -- GGF9 - October 4-8 - Chicago GGF9 - The Ninth Global Grid Forum October 5-8, Chicago, IL USA Chicago Sheraton Hotel and Towers 42 working groups and research groups gathering for 4 days working together to build a standards-based foundation for Grid computing. Nine sessions will focus on finalizing proposed charters for new working groups and research groups, including: * Business Process Grid * Configuration Description, Deployment, and Lifecycle Management * Workflow Management * Grid API In addition to working sessions where community practices and specifications are being developed, GGF9 will include four full-day workshops: * Designing and Building Grid Services (OGSA/OGSI teams) * Life Sciences Grid (Applications and requirements for bioinformatics, pharmaceuticals, etc.) * Peer-to-Peer and Grids: Synergies and Opportunities * Semantic Grid ***Important dates are approaching*** Advance Registration - available through September 26 - GGF MEMBERS save MORE MONEY http://www.globalgridforum.org/Meetings/ggf9/reg.htm Hotel Availability - space and special GGF rate guaranteed through September 26 http://www.ggf.org/Meetings/ggf9/lodging.htm ***GGF9 Schedule*** http://www.globalgridforum.org/Meetings/ggf9/schedule.htm Find "Click here to download the full GGF9 Schedule at a Glance" The Complete List of Sessions/Workshops and BOFs: WORKSHOPS = 4 Designing and Building Grid Services, led by Ian Foster et. al. P2P and Grids: Synergies and Opportunities, led by Andrew Chien et. al. Semantic Grid Workshop, led by David de Roure et. al. Life Sciences Grid Workshop, led by Abbas Farazdel et.al. WG/RG SESSIONS = 56 Grid Checkpoint Recovery (GridCPR-WG) Grid Remote Procedure Call (GridRPC-WG) Advanced Collaborative Environments (ACE-RG) Applications and Test Beds (APPS-RG) Grid Computing Environments (GCE-RG) Grid User Services (GUS-RG) Life Sciences Grid (LSG-RG) Production Grid Management (PGM-RG) User Program Development Tools for the Grid (UPDT-RG) Open Grid Service Common Management Model (CMM-WG) Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA-WG) Open Grid Services Infrastructure (OGSI-WG) Grid Policy Architecture (Policy-RG) Grid Protocol Architecture (GPA-RG) Semantic Grid (SEM-RG) Data Access and Integration Services (DAIS-WG) Data Format Description Language (DFDL-WG) GridFTP-WG IPv6 (IPv6-WG) OGSA Data Replication Services (OREP-WG) Data Transport (DT-RG) Grid High-Performance Networking (GHPN-RG) Persistent Archives (PA-RG) Authorization Frameworks and Mechanisms (AuthZ-WG) CA Ops (CAOPs-WG) Open Grid Service Architecture Authorization (OGSA AUTHZ-WG) Site Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting Requirements (SAAA-RG) CIM based Grid Schema (CGS-WG) Network Measurement (NM-WG) Grid Information Retrieval (GIR-WG) Grid Benchmarking (GB-RG) Relational Grid Information Services (RGIS-RG) Appliance Aggregation (APPAGG-RG) OGSA-P2P-Security (OGSAP2P-RG) Distributed Resource Management Application API (DRMAA-WG) Grid Economic Services Architecture (GESA-WG) Grid Resource Allocation Agreement Protocol (GRAAP-WG) Job Submission Description Language (JSDL-WG) OGSA Resource Usage Service (RUS-WG) Usage Record (UR-WG) Grid File Systems BOF's = 9 Astronomical Grid Community-RG Grid Support for Ubiquitous Computing-RG Grid Federations Grid Scheduling Ontology-WG Workflow Management-RG Business Process Grid-WG Metadata Management Services Architecture-WG Grid API-WG Configuration Description, Deployment, and Lifecycle Management-WG GGF Sponsors at GGF9: http://www.globalgridforum.org/L_Involved_Sponsors/2003_spons.htm GGF9 Participants (as of September 12): http://www.globalgridforum.org/Meetings/ggf9/participants.htm Exploring Chicago: http://www.ci.chi.il.us/Tourism/ GGF Members Register NOW: Right Price and Guaranteed Room Rate; Meeting with the CORE international Grid COMMUNITY ; Learning through Workshops; Continue to BE a part of the GRID action!! Contact membership@ggf.org if you've forgotten your Y2003 GGF Individual Membership number!! See you in Chicago!! Clare Spartz Director of Marketing and Membership Global Grid Forum work: +1.630.252.0924 cell: +1.917.860-9126 fax: +1.630-252-4466 spartz@ggf.org --1870910533-250209383-1061565162=:2290 Content-Type: APPLICATION/PDF; NAME="Astro-RG-charter.pdf" Content-Transfer-Encoding: BASE64 Content-ID: Content-Description: pdf Content-Disposition: ATTACHMENT; FILENAME="Astro-RG-charter.pdf" JVBERi0xLjQNCiXk9tzfDQoxIDAgb2JqDQo8PCAvTGVuZ3RoIDIgMCBSDQog ICAvRmlsdGVyIC9GbGF0ZURlY29kZQ0KPj4NCnN0cmVhbQ0KeJzlXduKJMcR fV/Yf+hngcYVmXUFYZhLt59lL/gDZMlgLIP2xb/vrJ7OiJg8EdFZs7s2wggk u6YqL3E5cc3s307D6fvhgU4zpfLvZdv//fnn01+/O/3r44ffyl/3fz7//eOH p08fPxDRw3yat+lhOn362+kPFzrRePr0y+mHgf54+vSPjx+2h628X/72w5Be n0wPY32SX5+M8mR8fTKXSW9PpvqEx5nrV3N9srw+oaE+WOuDh7U+2uCrx+Hp 9hrJ4HUB/vTPr0+Wh8V/h7ea65MX2NgZxnnkdY8PqT68vD7KshOYjoZ2KCJY Eo6jpyNgQF0ApfrhEqycMpKS17k6xKWxDsRPJh5mkmVW9mZ5iOTsILlQBVYk 253hqyVkFFIORXeFDS++ND3SCvuVNcwde+EFsH7NQJPUfHUu2vwjKvh2hYIp lferfqdX/V6GlyENL0TDSHNd3zgr9brJTaOTm5p6mGisFEijcK75lG66uwo9 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MCAwMDAwMCBuDQowMDAwMDI1OTE3IDAwMDAwIG4NCjAwMDAwMjYzODkgMDAw MDAgbg0KMDAwMDAyNjc2MCAwMDAwMCBuDQowMDAwMDQ5OTc3IDAwMDAwIG4N CjAwMDAwNTAwMDQgMDAwMDAgbg0KMDAwMDA1MDI0NiAwMDAwMCBuDQowMDAw MDUwODc3IDAwMDAwIG4NCjAwMDAwNTE0MjEgMDAwMDAgbg0KMDAwMDA1MTUw MyAwMDAwMCBuDQowMDAwMDUxNjIxIDAwMDAwIG4NCjAwMDAwNTE3MDggMDAw MDAgbg0KMDAwMDA1MTk0OSAwMDAwMCBuDQp0cmFpbGVyDQo8PCAvU2l6ZSAy Ng0KICAgL1Jvb3QgMjUgMCBSDQo+Pg0Kc3RhcnR4cmVmDQo1MjAwOQ0KJSVF T0YNCg== --1870910533-250209383-1061565162=:2290-- From owner-semantics@eso.org Fri Sep 19 11:26:29 2003 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.6/8.12.6) with ESMTP id h8J9QK5x016301 for ; Fri, 19 Sep 2003 11:26:20 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.6/8.12.6/Submit) id h8J9QKW9016300 for semantics-outgoing; Fri, 19 Sep 2003 11:26:20 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (firewall-user@eso-wall-int.hq.eso.org [134.171.68.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.6/8.12.6) with ESMTP id h8J9QH5x016278 for ; Fri, 19 Sep 2003 11:26:17 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from uucp@localhost) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id h8J9QHa16448 for ; Fri, 19 Sep 2003 11:26:17 +0200 (MEST) Received: from rose.csi.cam.ac.uk(131.111.8.13) by eso-wall-ext.hq.eso.org via csmap (V6.0) id srcAAApDa4hG; Fri, 19 Sep 03 11:26:16 +0200 Received: from cass41.ast.cam.ac.uk ([131.111.69.186]) by rose.csi.cam.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 4.20) id 1A0HWo-0005I0-Ru for semantics@ivoa.net; Fri, 19 Sep 2003 10:26:14 +0100 Received: from cappc57.ast.cam.ac.uk (iwasawa [131.111.68.188]) by cass41.ast.cam.ac.uk (8.12.9+Sun/8.12.9) with ESMTP id h8J9QEZD025269 for ; Fri, 19 Sep 2003 10:26:14 +0100 (BST) Date: Fri, 19 Sep 2003 10:26:14 +0100 (BST) From: Nicholas Walton To: semantics@ivoa.net Subject: GGF Astro BOF (fwd) Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: MULTIPART/Mixed; BOUNDARY="1870910533-250209383-1061565162=:2290" Content-ID: X-Cam-ScannerInfo: http://www.cam.ac.uk/cs/email/scanner/ X-Cam-AntiVirus: No virus found X-Cam-SpamDetails: Not scanned X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: Nicholas Walton X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: This message is in MIME format. The first part should be readable text, while the remaining parts are likely unreadable without MIME-aware tools. Send mail to mime@docserver.cac.washington.edu for more info. --1870910533-250209383-1061565162=:2290 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; CHARSET=US-ASCII Content-ID: -- ======================================================================== Dr N. A. Walton (AstroGrid Project Scientist) Tel: +44 1223 337503 Institute of Astronomy FAX: +44 1223 337523 University of Cambridge WWW: http://www.astrogrid.org Madingley Road WWW: http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~naw Cambridge, CB3 0HA email: naw@ast.cam.ac.uk ======================================================================== ---------- Forwarded message ---------- Date: Fri, 19 Sep 2003 10:22:11 +0100 (BST) From: Nicholas Walton To: ivoa@ivoa.net, grid@ivoa.net Cc: semantic@ivoa.net, net@ivoa.net Subject: GGF Astro BOF Dear All, at the upcoming Global Grid Forum meeting in Chicago (5-8 Oct 2003) - see www.ggf.org - there will be a Birds of a Feather session which starts of the process of forming a Astronomy Research Group at the GGF. I attach the draft charter to this message. This will give the Astro and IVOA VO communities a chance to input astro requirements into the 'grid' standards process. I would encourage those of you interested in this area to aim to attend this GGF meeting. Hope to see you there. (Note that early registration closes sept 26.) Please forward this message to those that may be interested. Yours Nic Walton ======================================================================== Dr N. A. Walton (AstroGrid Project Scientist) Tel: +44 1223 337503 Institute of Astronomy FAX: +44 1223 337523 University of Cambridge WWW: http://www.astrogrid.org Madingley Road WWW: http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~naw Cambridge, CB3 0HA email: naw@ast.cam.ac.uk ======================================================================== ----------- >From spartz@ggf.org Fri Sep 19 10:16:21 2003 Date: Thu, 18 Sep 2003 13:38:01 -0500 From: Clare Spartz To: ggf-membership@ggf.org Cc: membership@ggf.org Subject: [ggf-membership] Just Over Two Weeks Away -- GGF9 - October 4-8 - Chicago GGF9 - The Ninth Global Grid Forum October 5-8, Chicago, IL USA Chicago Sheraton Hotel and Towers 42 working groups and research groups gathering for 4 days working together to build a standards-based foundation for Grid computing. Nine sessions will focus on finalizing proposed charters for new working groups and research groups, including: * Business Process Grid * Configuration Description, Deployment, and Lifecycle Management * Workflow Management * Grid API In addition to working sessions where community practices and specifications are being developed, GGF9 will include four full-day workshops: * Designing and Building Grid Services (OGSA/OGSI teams) * Life Sciences Grid (Applications and requirements for bioinformatics, pharmaceuticals, etc.) * Peer-to-Peer and Grids: Synergies and Opportunities * Semantic Grid ***Important dates are approaching*** Advance Registration - available through September 26 - GGF MEMBERS save MORE MONEY http://www.globalgridforum.org/Meetings/ggf9/reg.htm Hotel Availability - space and special GGF rate guaranteed through September 26 http://www.ggf.org/Meetings/ggf9/lodging.htm ***GGF9 Schedule*** http://www.globalgridforum.org/Meetings/ggf9/schedule.htm Find "Click here to download the full GGF9 Schedule at a Glance" The Complete List of Sessions/Workshops and BOFs: WORKSHOPS = 4 Designing and Building Grid Services, led by Ian Foster et. al. P2P and Grids: Synergies and Opportunities, led by Andrew Chien et. al. Semantic Grid Workshop, led by David de Roure et. al. Life Sciences Grid Workshop, led by Abbas Farazdel et.al. WG/RG SESSIONS = 56 Grid Checkpoint Recovery (GridCPR-WG) Grid Remote Procedure Call (GridRPC-WG) Advanced Collaborative Environments (ACE-RG) Applications and Test Beds (APPS-RG) Grid Computing Environments (GCE-RG) Grid User Services (GUS-RG) Life Sciences Grid (LSG-RG) Production Grid Management (PGM-RG) User Program Development Tools for the Grid (UPDT-RG) Open Grid Service Common Management Model (CMM-WG) Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA-WG) Open Grid Services Infrastructure (OGSI-WG) Grid Policy Architecture (Policy-RG) Grid Protocol Architecture (GPA-RG) Semantic Grid (SEM-RG) Data Access and Integration Services (DAIS-WG) Data Format Description Language (DFDL-WG) GridFTP-WG IPv6 (IPv6-WG) OGSA Data Replication Services (OREP-WG) Data Transport (DT-RG) Grid High-Performance Networking (GHPN-RG) Persistent Archives (PA-RG) Authorization Frameworks and Mechanisms (AuthZ-WG) CA Ops (CAOPs-WG) Open Grid Service Architecture Authorization (OGSA AUTHZ-WG) Site Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting Requirements (SAAA-RG) CIM based Grid Schema (CGS-WG) Network Measurement (NM-WG) Grid Information Retrieval (GIR-WG) Grid Benchmarking (GB-RG) Relational Grid Information Services (RGIS-RG) Appliance Aggregation (APPAGG-RG) OGSA-P2P-Security (OGSAP2P-RG) Distributed Resource Management Application API (DRMAA-WG) Grid Economic Services Architecture (GESA-WG) Grid Resource Allocation Agreement Protocol (GRAAP-WG) Job Submission Description Language (JSDL-WG) OGSA Resource Usage Service (RUS-WG) Usage Record (UR-WG) Grid File Systems BOF's = 9 Astronomical Grid Community-RG Grid Support for Ubiquitous Computing-RG Grid Federations Grid Scheduling Ontology-WG Workflow Management-RG Business Process Grid-WG Metadata Management Services Architecture-WG Grid API-WG Configuration Description, Deployment, and Lifecycle Management-WG GGF Sponsors at GGF9: http://www.globalgridforum.org/L_Involved_Sponsors/2003_spons.htm GGF9 Participants (as of September 12): http://www.globalgridforum.org/Meetings/ggf9/participants.htm Exploring Chicago: http://www.ci.chi.il.us/Tourism/ GGF Members Register NOW: Right Price and Guaranteed Room Rate; Meeting with the CORE international Grid COMMUNITY ; Learning through Workshops; Continue to BE a part of the GRID action!! Contact membership@ggf.org if you've forgotten your Y2003 GGF Individual Membership number!! See you in Chicago!! Clare Spartz Director of Marketing and Membership Global Grid Forum work: +1.630.252.0924 cell: +1.917.860-9126 fax: +1.630-252-4466 spartz@ggf.org --1870910533-250209383-1061565162=:2290 Content-Type: APPLICATION/PDF; NAME="Astro-RG-charter.pdf" Content-Transfer-Encoding: BASE64 Content-ID: Content-Description: pdf Content-Disposition: ATTACHMENT; FILENAME="Astro-RG-charter.pdf" JVBERi0xLjQNCiXk9tzfDQoxIDAgb2JqDQo8PCAvTGVuZ3RoIDIgMCBSDQog ICAvRmlsdGVyIC9GbGF0ZURlY29kZQ0KPj4NCnN0cmVhbQ0KeJzlXduKJMcR fV/Yf+hngcYVmXUFYZhLt59lL/gDZMlgLIP2xb/vrJ7OiJg8EdFZs7s2wggk u6YqL3E5cc3s307D6fvhgU4zpfLvZdv//fnn01+/O/3r44ffyl/3fz7//eOH p08fPxDRw3yat+lhOn362+kPFzrRePr0y+mHgf54+vSPjx+2h628X/72w5Be n0wPY32SX5+M8mR8fTKXSW9PpvqEx5nrV3N9srw+oaE+WOuDh7U+2uCrx+Hp 9hrJ4HUB/vTPr0+Wh8V/h7ea65MX2NgZxnnkdY8PqT68vD7KshOYjoZ2KCJY Eo6jpyNgQF0ApfrhEqycMpKS17k6xKWxDsRPJh5mkmVW9mZ5iOTsILlQBVYk 253hqyVkFFIORXeFDS++ND3SCvuVNcwde+EFsH7NQJPUfHUu2vwjKvh2hYIp lferfqdX/V6GlyENL0TDSHNd3zgr9brJTaOTm5p6mGisFEijcK75lG66uwo9 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serapis.hq.eso.org (serapis.hq.eso.org [134.171.7.10]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.6/8.12.6) with ESMTP id hB4J2E1u022783; Thu, 4 Dec 2003 20:02:14 +0100 (MET) Received: from eso.org (nb008487.ads.eso.org [134.171.27.211]) by serapis.hq.eso.org (8.11.7+Sun/8.11.7) with ESMTP id hB4J2Et07715; Thu, 4 Dec 2003 20:02:14 +0100 (MET) Message-ID: <3FCF84B6.9070507@eso.org> Date: Thu, 04 Dec 2003 20:02:14 +0100 From: "Marco C. Leoni" Organization: Astrophysical Virtual Observatory @ESO User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.4) Gecko/20030624 Netscape/7.1 (ax) X-Accept-Language: en, en-us MIME-Version: 1.0 To: mleoni@eso.org Subject: Server down X-Priority: 1 (highest) Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="------------000202050900060205000601" Sender: owner-avoteam@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: "Marco C. Leoni" X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) X-Mozilla-Status: c001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: This is a multi-part message in MIME format. --------------000202050900060205000601 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Due to maintenance of the electrical systems this week-end in Garching, we have been requested to switch off all computer systems during this period. For this reason all the services (mailing lists, web sites, twikis) will be unavailable on Saturday Dec. 6 . Sorry for the short notice. Best regards, Marco -- Marco C. Leoni Astrophysical Virtual Observatory - http://www.euro-vo.org tel 0049 89 3200 6560 fax 0049 89 3200 6480 mleoni@eso.org --------------000202050900060205000601 Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Due to maintenance of the electrical systems this week-end in Garching, we have been requested to switch off all computer systems during this period.
For this reason all the services (mailing lists, web sites, twikis) will be unavailable on Saturday Dec. 6 .

Sorry for the short notice.


Best regards,
    Marco




--
Marco C. Leoni

Astrophysical Virtual Observatory - http://www.euro-vo.org
tel 0049 89 3200 6560
fax 0049 89 3200 6480
mleoni@eso.org
--------------000202050900060205000601-- From owner-semantics@eso.org Wed Jun 1 21:21:27 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j51JLFaJ029710 for ; Wed, 1 Jun 2005 21:21:15 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j51JLFA6029709 for semantics-outgoing; Wed, 1 Jun 2005 21:21:15 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from apollo.hq.eso.org (apollo.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.42]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j51JLBaJ029699 for ; Wed, 1 Jun 2005 21:21:11 +0200 (MEST) Received: from artemis.le.ac.uk (mailsend.le.ac.uk [143.210.4.129]) by apollo.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j51JL973009207 for ; Wed, 1 Jun 2005 21:21:10 +0200 (CEST) Message-Id: <200506011921.j51JL973009207@apollo.hq.eso.org> Received: from [143.210.36.14] (helo=marindi) by artemis.le.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 4.44) id 1DdYlz-0002HE-Tm for semantics@ivoa.net; Wed, 01 Jun 2005 20:21:04 +0100 From: "Tony Linde" To: "Semantics" Subject: FW: [Ontology] UCDs vs ontologies? Date: Wed, 1 Jun 2005 20:21:04 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Microsoft Office Outlook, Build 11.0.6353 Thread-Index: AcVm2cueQYqoM/bbRmqtZQLc9T46QgABEzjgAAA4ZpA= X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2527 X-UoL-Id: ed18f9f4d66ec6d9053e8a8142f987ed@1DdYlz-0002HE-Tm@artemis.le.ac.uk X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.1.22 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: "Tony Linde" X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: ... (double-posted) Hi Ed, Count me in too. In fact, you can count a whole sub-group of the VOTech project, DS5. Check out: http://wiki.eurovotech.org/bin/view/VOTech/ResourceDiscovery and associated. And you don't need a new group, there already is one, the semantics workgroup: semantics@ivoa.net archive at: http://ivoa.net/forum/semantics/ It was set up after discussions between variouspeople a couple of years ago but died out. I'll repost this message there (since I *HATE* cross-posting) and suggest we all adjourn to the semantics forum for ontology-like discussions. Cheers, Tony. > -----Original Message----- > From: owner-dm@eso.org [mailto:owner-dm@eso.org] On Behalf Of Ed Shaya > Sent: 01 June 2005 19:42 > To: Elizabeth Auden > Cc: Rob Seaman; ucd-sci@ivoa.net; ucd@ivoa.net; ucd-tech@ivoa.net; > Data Model IVOA List > Subject: Re: [Ontology] UCDs vs ontologies? > > Elizabeth, > > Hurray. Another ontology fan. I have taken the liberty of using > OwlDoc in Protege to create a browser readable version of your > ontology. It is at > > http://archive.astro.umd.edu/ont/Documentation/VOEVENT/index.html > > Would you mind if I integrate what you have into the more general > ontology that I have been working on? > http://archive.astro.umd.edu/ont/Documentation/index.html > (And yes, Rob it does tend to get big, but one can trim it at any > level. I rather see UCDs as a form of topic maps which is quite a > close relative of Ontology. I prefer ontology because I believe one > can do more rigorous reasoning and query with it, but many prefer > topic maps because they are more loose and easy. ) > > Now that there are two of us interested in Ontology we can form a > group. It has been suggested to me that Ontology discussions should > reside in the data model group with "[Ontology]" in the subject Re:. > So, I am ccing there too and will take the rest of this discussion > there. I hope you are tuned in Elizabeth. > > Ed > > > > > Elizabeth Auden wrote: > > > > > Incidentally, I've posted a first go at a VOEvent ontology (OWL-DL > > format) on the VOTech wiki at > > http://wiki.eurovotech.org/bin/view/VOTech/VoEventOntology. Any > > comments on the structure, concepts, and coverage of this > v0.000000001 > > ontology would be appreciated. > > > > cheers, > > Elizabeth > > > > From owner-semantics@eso.org Wed Jun 1 21:48:35 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j51JmKaJ004118 for ; Wed, 1 Jun 2005 21:48:21 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j51JmK4D004117 for semantics-outgoing; Wed, 1 Jun 2005 21:48:20 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from apollo.hq.eso.org (apollo.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.42]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j51JmGaJ004105 for ; Wed, 1 Jun 2005 21:48:16 +0200 (MEST) Received: from earth.astro.umd.edu (earth.astro.umd.edu [129.2.14.2]) by apollo.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j51JmD73009882 for ; Wed, 1 Jun 2005 21:48:14 +0200 (CEST) Received: from [129.2.14.215] (lap5.astro.umd.edu [129.2.14.215]) (using TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by earth.astro.umd.edu (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5092B1099C for ; Wed, 1 Jun 2005 15:48:08 -0400 (EDT) Message-ID: <429E10F7.7090203@gsfc.nasa.gov> Date: Wed, 01 Jun 2005 15:48:07 -0400 From: Ed Shaya User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.7.6) Gecko/20050319 X-Accept-Language: en-us, en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: semantics@ivoa.net Subject: Re: [Ontology] UCDs vs ontologies? Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.1.22 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: Ed Shaya X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Cross posting from data modeling. Elizabeth, I will try to answer some of your questions posted at the ivoa web site. * How do I include objects and properties from one OWL formatted ontology into another OWL formatted ontology? For instance, the WhenWhere element of the VOEvent schema can "be any legal STC expression", according to VOEvent 0.90. It would make more sense to develop an ontology(ies) for STC and reference the classes / properties from VOEvent than it would be to shoehorn all of STC into the VOEvent ontology. First you need to import the other ontology: Then you just use them. In this case you want http://ivoa.org/ont/STC.owl#STCEntity to be a subclass of WhenWhere. Or you could add STCEntity in the range of hasWhenWhere. Version 3.1 is better at working with multiple ontologies. By the way, I am planning on working on STC.owl soon. But you are welcome to take a first crack at it if you wish. * *Note*: I use the suggested Protege tutorial notation for object properties, beginning the property name with "has" or "is". However, I use datatype properties to represent attributes, and I simply give these properties the name of the attribute. Is this bad practice? I am doing essentially the same thing. Also, I am making classes begin with a capital letter and properties (object or dataproperties) start with a lower case letter. But I could easily be convinced to have both start with lower case unless it is a mnemonic or a proper name. * The above notation has brought up a problem: for instance, both the Param and Importance classes have a value attribute. For Param, value should be a string, but for Importance, value should be an integer. Should I forget about naming datatype properties after attributes and create two new datatype properties, hasStringValue and hasIntegerValue? a) your way. b) One could just use string and then any number is acceptable as well. c) One could use xsd:AnySimpleType for value and then in Param restrict it to xsd:string and in Importance restrict it to integer. Note that I prefer q:hasValue which takes a q:Quantity which has datum, error, and units. Of course then one has an issue with datum. * The Protege tutorial advises that properties should have descriptive, human readable names. The "English Prose Tooltip Generator" can take advantage of such property names by turning them into specific property descriptions in documentation. I have not seen this yet. * There is currently no hierarchy of "is a" relationships - classes are related by "has a" relationships instead. Is this bad practice? Should the ontology be reorganized into a hierarchy of concepts rather than reflecting the VOEvent schema structure? You did good. The terms in VOEvent do have superclasses in the larger ontology that I am working on, but these were not needed in what your small cut. As one digs in deeper one may find one needs subclasses. Classification may require subclass spectralClassificat which has subclass MKClassification which has subclass MKLuminosityClassification etc. * Technical detail - the RTML UML for Contact shows one option of FirstName plus LastName as an alternative to Name. How do I reflect this "!FirstName must be accompanied by LastName"? I bet this is a rules engine thing. Not sure, what you mean. LastName can be functional, meaning one value is required. Beyond that one can specify the cardinality. * Can all cardinalities or 1:N restrictions be set in the rules engine, or is there a better way to do that? In the class menu, right click on the property and choose the cardinality. At least that is how it is in 3.1. * Is there any reason for or against making any or all of these classes disjoint? Not here. Be careful with disjoint. It can blow up the size of the ontology with little benefit. A case where setting classes as disjoint is useful is to explicitly say that you will not tolerate a galaxy instance being classified as elliptical in one place and as a spiral in another. You are then saying that we can not go on until this conflict is resolved. Ed Elizabeth Auden wrote: >> On the other hand, we're told that the role of UCDs is distinct from >> that of ontologies. An ontology is an (attempt) at expressing the >> complete range of some knowledge domain. Astronomy is a big subject >> - its ontology will be big. > > >> Personally, I think the VO community will need to develop several >> separate ontologies over time as well as several separate glossaries >> of UCDs or UCD-like constructs. It is not obvious that a glossary of >> UCDs for tabular convenience is equivalent to a glossary of UCDs for >> VOEvent convenience. An ontology can afford to be large and unwieldy >> to reach its goal of being complete and accurate. > > > Incidentally, I've posted a first go at a VOEvent ontology (OWL-DL > format) on the VOTech wiki at > http://wiki.eurovotech.org/bin/view/VOTech/VoEventOntology. Any > comments on the structure, concepts, and coverage of this v0.000000001 > ontology would be appreciated. > > cheers, > Elizabeth > From owner-semantics@eso.org Thu Jun 2 11:34:34 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j529YKH8028919 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 11:34:21 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j529YK2R028918 for semantics-outgoing; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 11:34:20 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from rocky.hq.eso.org (rocky.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.43]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j529YFH8028906 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 11:34:15 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mail07a.vwh1.net (mail07a.vwh1.net [131.103.218.80]) by rocky.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with SMTP id j529YCXW028874 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 11:34:13 +0200 (CEST) Received: from www.mondeca.com (207.158.249.10) by mail07a.vwh1.net (RS ver 1.0.95vs) with SMTP id 1-1947054826 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 05:34:06 -0400 (EDT) From: "Bernard Vatant" To: "Semantics" Subject: RE: [Ontology] UCDs vs ontologies? Date: Thu, 2 Jun 2005 11:33:46 +0200 Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0) X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2180 In-Reply-To: <200506011921.j51JL973009207@apollo.hq.eso.org> Importance: Normal X-Loop-Detect: 1 X-DistLoop-Detect: 1 X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.2.2 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: "Bernard Vatant" X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Hello all I've been more or less silently lurking at IVOA work since 2002 or such, and will be happy to bring some input, bandwidth permitting, to IVOA "ontological effort" - so to speak :) I had a look at the first cut at http://wiki.eurovotech.org/pub/VOTech/VoEventOntology/VOEventOntology_v0.1.owl First remarks, more to come certainly. Please take those as "thinking aloud" at that point. - I would suggest the choice of a "proper" IVOA namespace, not the default Protege one http://www.owl-ontologies.com/unnamed.owl# - which kind of sucks. Suggestion : http://www.ivoa.net/voevent# (go under Protege "Metadata" tab to change that). I will use vo: as a shortcut for this namespace hereafter - Concerning vo:ucd. Since UCD vocabulary, as I understand, is going to be a controlled one, should be good to have a class vo:UCD of which instances will be those UCD descriptors, whatever those will look like at the end of the day. BTW have UCD folks consider the SKOS [1] format for RDF expression of UCD vocabulary? Then the current vo:ucd property would shift from owl:DatatypeProperty to owl:ObjectProperty, and renamed certainly something like vo:hasUCD, with range vo:UCD - Same remarks for vo:unit. There are a few ontologies of units around that might be worth considering, like [2] - The other way round, I'm puzzled by Classes like vo:PublisherID and vo:EventID. Why not simply have some identifying DatatypeProperty on vo:Publisher and vo:VOEvent? Actually in RDF, you do not need in theory any specific identifying property, since the URI is *the* identifier for all classes and instances ... but things may be trickier (see [3] for more about identity issues). - I'm not sure about semantics of classes like vo:What vo:WhenWhere and vo:How. I guess those look like abstract classes needing specific subclasses. What about adding vo:Who? Maybe they could be gathered under a common superclass like vo:W5 (the 5 W's). - I agree that declaration of disjoint classes is worth thinking about. Those declarations are needed when the ontological general framework allows multiple instantiations. In a scientific framework like IVOA, I'm not sure this is likely to happen. There is in fact often an implicit assumption in many ontology-driven systems that direct subclasses of "Thing" are disjoint even if not declared so ... - Bottom line, more "Big Picture" : Should be good to think about what is VO-specific and what could be generic to any scientific framework. I'm currently working for a big project in the framework of Bio-Medical Science [4], I'm aware of similar efforts in Environmental and Earth Sciences too [5] and there are certainly more ongoing. I think cross-pollinization of those projects, avoiding overlap and redundancy of efforts, would be a great thing. Maybe it's time to overcome the trend towards over-specialization leading to multiplication of domain languages, and de facto as many ontologies as various science domains. There might be hopefully still some common ontological consensus across the scientific community at large, on notions such as System, Object, Observation, Event, Phenomenum, Experiment, Protocol, Model, Hypothesis, Space-Time, Units ... I would be very happy to participate in any effort to develop such a generic "science ontology" with experts from various domains. Volunteers, step forward :)) Thanks for your attention. Bernard [1] http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/ [2] http://sweet.jpl.nasa.gov/ontology/units.owl [3] http://universimmedia.blogspot.com [4] http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/fp6/p1/innovative-medicines/index_en.html [5] http://esto.nasa.gov/conferences/estc2004/papers/a5p1.pdf ********************************************************************************** Bernard Vatant Senior Consultant Knowledge Engineering bernard.vatant@mondeca.com "Making Sense of Content" : http://www.mondeca.com "Everything is a Subject" : http://universimmedia.blogspot.com ********************************************************************************** > -----Message d'origine----- > De : owner-semantics@eso.org [mailto:owner-semantics@eso.org]De la part > de Tony Linde > Envoye : mercredi 1 juin 2005 21:21 > A : Semantics > Objet : FW: [Ontology] UCDs vs ontologies? > > > ... (double-posted) > > Hi Ed, > > Count me in too. In fact, you can count a whole sub-group of the VOTech > project, DS5. Check out: > http://wiki.eurovotech.org/bin/view/VOTech/ResourceDiscovery and associated. > > And you don't need a new group, there already is one, the semantics > workgroup: > > semantics@ivoa.net > archive at: http://ivoa.net/forum/semantics/ > > It was set up after discussions between variouspeople a couple of years ago > but died out. > > I'll repost this message there (since I *HATE* cross-posting) and suggest we > all adjourn to the semantics forum for ontology-like discussions. > > Cheers, > Tony. > > > -----Original Message----- > > From: owner-dm@eso.org [mailto:owner-dm@eso.org] On Behalf Of Ed Shaya > > Sent: 01 June 2005 19:42 > > To: Elizabeth Auden > > Cc: Rob Seaman; ucd-sci@ivoa.net; ucd@ivoa.net; ucd-tech@ivoa.net; > > Data Model IVOA List > > Subject: Re: [Ontology] UCDs vs ontologies? > > > > Elizabeth, > > > > Hurray. Another ontology fan. I have taken the liberty of using > > OwlDoc in Protege to create a browser readable version of your > > ontology. It is at > > > > http://archive.astro.umd.edu/ont/Documentation/VOEVENT/index.html > > > > Would you mind if I integrate what you have into the more general > > ontology that I have been working on? > > http://archive.astro.umd.edu/ont/Documentation/index.html > > (And yes, Rob it does tend to get big, but one can trim it at any > > level. I rather see UCDs as a form of topic maps which is quite a > > close relative of Ontology. I prefer ontology because I believe one > > can do more rigorous reasoning and query with it, but many prefer > > topic maps because they are more loose and easy. ) > > > > Now that there are two of us interested in Ontology we can form a > > group. It has been suggested to me that Ontology discussions should > > reside in the data model group with "[Ontology]" in the subject Re:. > > So, I am ccing there too and will take the rest of this discussion > > there. I hope you are tuned in Elizabeth. > > > > Ed > > > > > > > > > > Elizabeth Auden wrote: > > > > > > > > Incidentally, I've posted a first go at a VOEvent ontology (OWL-DL > > > format) on the VOTech wiki at > > > http://wiki.eurovotech.org/bin/view/VOTech/VoEventOntology. Any > > > comments on the structure, concepts, and coverage of this > > v0.000000001 > > > ontology would be appreciated. > > > > > > cheers, > > > Elizabeth > > > > > > > > From owner-semantics@eso.org Thu Jun 2 12:33:14 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52AX4H8009712 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 12:33:04 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j52AX47M009711 for semantics-outgoing; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 12:33:04 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from apollo.hq.eso.org (apollo.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.42]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52AX0H8009703 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 12:33:00 +0200 (MEST) Received: from msslty.mssl.ucl.ac.uk (msslty.mssl.ucl.ac.uk [128.40.71.164]) by apollo.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52AWw73002206 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 12:32:58 +0200 (CEST) Received: from msslta.mssl.ucl.ac.uk (msslta.mssl.ucl.ac.uk [128.40.71.124]) by msslty.mssl.ucl.ac.uk (8.12.10/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52AWms1012470 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 11:32:48 +0100 Date: Thu, 2 Jun 2005 11:32:48 +0100 (BST) From: Elizabeth Auden To: Semantics Subject: RE: [Ontology] UCDs vs ontologies? In-Reply-To: Message-ID: References: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed X-MSSL-MailScanner-Information: Please contact the ISP for more information X-MSSL-MailScanner: No virus found X-MSSL-MailScanner-SpamCheck: not spam, SpamAssassin (score=-4.9, required 5, BAYES_00 -4.90) X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.2.5 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: Elizabeth Auden X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Hi Ed, Thanks for all your comments. > Would you mind if I integrate what you have into the more general > ontology that I have been working on? > http://archive.astro.umd.edu/ont/Documentation/index.html Yes, that would be fine. > I will try to answer some of your questions posted at the ivoa web site. > > How do I include objects and properties from one OWL formatted > > ontology into another OWL formatted ontology? > First you need to import the other ontology: Thanks for that. I'll incorporate the ontology imports and other suggestions below into the next version of my VOEvent OWL file. > By the way, I am planning on working on STC.owl soon. But you are > welcome to take a first crack at it if you wish. Race you! I can definitely have a go - I'll aim to post a first cut towards the end of next week. STC 1.21, yes? > I am doing essentially the same thing. Also, I am making classes begin > with a capital letter and properties (object or dataproperties) start > with a lower case letter. Great, I think that our formats will be in agreement then: Classes: Class, ClassName, NameOfClass Properties: property, propertyName, nameOfProperty > But I could easily be convinced to have both start with lower > case unless it is a mnemonic or a proper name. Using "IVOA" as an example, would it be better to go with Classes: IVOAclass, IVOAClass, IvoaClass? Properties: IVOAproperty, IVOAProperty, ivoaProperty? > > the Param and Importance classes have a value attribute. For > > Param, value should be a string, but for Importance, value should > > be an integer. > a) your way. > b) One could just use string and then any number is acceptable as well. > c) One could use xsd:AnySimpleType for value and then in Param restrict > it to xsd:string and in Importance restrict it to integer. > Note that I prefer q:hasValue which takes a q:Quantity which has datum, > error, and units. Of course then one has an issue with datum. Hmm. I will play around with a mix of c) and your suggestion for "hasValue" and see what happens. > > "English Prose Tooltip Generator" > I have not seen this yet. I haven't either, and googling for the phrase only turns the OWL tutorial where I found the reference. However, there seem to be a number of other tooltip generators that provide useful mouse-over documentation. I'll contact the OWL tutorial guys at Manchester and see what they can tell me about this software. > The terms in VOEvent do have superclasses in the larger ontology that I > am working on, but these were not needed in what your small cut. I'll leave them alone for now - it will be interesting to see what superclasses arise as small ontologies are federated. Bernard brought up a good point in another email to the IVOA semantics about "What" and "WhereWhen" being awkward names for classes, although these came from the VOEvent document. If this small ontology is subsumed into a larger STC or "all space" ontology, it would make sense to map the What and WhereWhen concepts to other location and time superclasses. However, if this ontology should stick closely to the VOEvent schema, What and WhereWhen may need to stay. > Re: cardinalities and disjoint Thanks for the pointers; I'll specify cardinality where appropriate in the next version and leave out disjoints until a classes that actually need to be disjoint arise. cheers, Elizabeth From owner-semantics@eso.org Thu Jun 2 12:50:45 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52AoVH8012681 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 12:50:31 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j52AoVt0012680 for semantics-outgoing; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 12:50:31 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from rocky.hq.eso.org (rocky.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.43]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52AoRH8012673 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 12:50:27 +0200 (MEST) Received: from msslty.mssl.ucl.ac.uk (msslty.mssl.ucl.ac.uk [128.40.71.164]) by rocky.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52AoQXW001004 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 12:50:26 +0200 (CEST) Received: from msslta.mssl.ucl.ac.uk (msslta.mssl.ucl.ac.uk [128.40.71.124]) by msslty.mssl.ucl.ac.uk (8.12.10/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52AoHs1013442 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 11:50:17 +0100 Date: Thu, 2 Jun 2005 11:50:17 +0100 (BST) From: Elizabeth Auden To: Semantics Subject: Ontology: "English prose tooltip generator" In-Reply-To: Message-ID: References: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed X-MSSL-MailScanner-Information: Please contact the ISP for more information X-MSSL-MailScanner: No virus found X-MSSL-MailScanner-SpamCheck: not spam, SpamAssassin (score=-4.9, required 5, BAYES_00 -4.90) X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.2.5 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: Elizabeth Auden X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: >> > "English Prose Tooltip Generator" >> I have not seen this yet. Taking a closer look at the Protege Tutorial where I found this reference (http://www.co-ode.org/resources/tutorials/ProtegeOWLTutorial.pdf), the guide uses Protege 2.1. A diagram on page 53 shows the English Prose Tooltip Generator button in the toolbar next to the "Show Protege-OWL Syntax" button. I'm using Protege 3.0, and I can't see the Tooltip Generator button in my toolbar. However, hovering over any class name will bring up a tooltip box listing "necessary conditions". The tooltip boxes don't seem to be appearing over my property names, however. cheers, Elizabeth From owner-semantics@eso.org Thu Jun 2 12:56:28 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52AuGH8013921 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 12:56:16 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j52AuGRB013920 for semantics-outgoing; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 12:56:16 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from apollo.hq.eso.org (apollo.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.42]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52AuBH8013895 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 12:56:12 +0200 (MEST) Received: from athena.le.ac.uk (athena.le.ac.uk [143.210.16.127]) by apollo.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52AuA73002803 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 12:56:10 +0200 (CEST) Message-Id: <200506021056.j52AuA73002803@apollo.hq.eso.org> Received: from [143.210.36.14] (helo=marindi) by athena.le.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 4.44) id 1DdnMq-0000DN-V2 for semantics@ivoa.net; Thu, 02 Jun 2005 11:56:05 +0100 From: "Tony Linde" To: "Semantics" Subject: Semantics IG charter Date: Thu, 2 Jun 2005 11:56:04 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Microsoft Office Outlook, Build 11.0.6353 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2527 Thread-Index: AcVnYavVs6rRoK/nStabfQ40hjYs/Q== X-UoL-Id: a0739a6c6e1574f9a8017fb6d4f3ef0d@1DdnMq-0000DN-V2@athena.le.ac.uk X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.2.6 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: "Tony Linde" X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: I've been asked by the IVOA Exec to prepare a charter for the Semantics IG since it seems to have woken up again (and if we keep feeding it regular stimulants, maybe it'll stay awake this time). Can I ask for a couple of volunteers to help me knock up a charter that can be posted to this list for comment and amendment and then to the Exec for approval? Thanks, Tony. -- Tony Linde Phone: +44 (0)116 223 1292 Mobile: +44 (0)7753 603356 Fax: +44 (0)116 252 3311 Email: Tony.Linde@leicester.ac.uk Skype: callto:tonylinde (home) callto:tonylinde2 (work) Post: Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Leicester Leicester, UK LE1 7RH Web: http://www.star.le.ac.uk/~ael Project Manager, EuroVO VOTech http://eurovotech.org Programme Manager, AstroGrid http://www.astrogrid.org Co-Director, Leicester e-Science Centre http://www.e-science.le.ac.uk/ From owner-semantics@eso.org Thu Jun 2 16:36:38 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52EYHH8025769 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 16:34:17 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j52EYHa0025768 for semantics-outgoing; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 16:34:17 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from rocky.hq.eso.org (rocky.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.43]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52EYCH8025760; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 16:34:12 +0200 (MEST) Received: from earth.astro.umd.edu (earth.astro.umd.edu [129.2.14.2]) by rocky.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52EYAXW008170; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 16:34:11 +0200 (CEST) Received: from [129.2.14.215] (lap5.astro.umd.edu [129.2.14.215]) (using TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by earth.astro.umd.edu (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4CABA10995; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 10:34:05 -0400 (EDT) Message-ID: <429F18DC.9070602@gsfc.nasa.gov> Date: Thu, 02 Jun 2005 10:34:04 -0400 From: Ed Shaya User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.7.6) Gecko/20050319 X-Accept-Language: en-us, en MIME-Version: 1.0 Cc: dm@ivoa.net, semantics@ivoa.net Subject: Re: [Ontology] UCDs vs ontologies? References: <20050531150728.fn26pj7v9fa8okc8@webmail.sic.rm.cnr.it> <94643280d46f33e5c88952d520f13f55@Astro.physik.Uni-Goettingen.DE> <429D79B3.3@cea.fr> <0a75e9e971886f955bcd71d196c35f79@Astro.physik.Uni-Goettingen.DE> <429DBE0C.7060905@cea.fr> <429F0EB8.7EFBCA2D@astro.u-strasbg.fr> In-Reply-To: <429F0EB8.7EFBCA2D@astro.u-strasbg.fr> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.2.12 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: Ed Shaya X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Are these discussions going to be on dm or semantics? We had better decide fast. I had spoken with Jonathan just a few days ago and he felt this logically belonged inside of dm. I agreed with him because Ontology should be a basic component (an early stage) of data modeling. But then Tony Linde reminded me that there already is a semantics site and that is where it belongs. That makes sense too. What do others think? Ed Sebastien Derriere wrote: >[posted to dm only to avoid cross-posting] > >Elizabeth Auden wrote: > > >>Incidentally, I've posted a first go at a VOEvent ontology (OWL-DL format) >>on the VOTech wiki at >>http://wiki.eurovotech.org/bin/view/VOTech/VoEventOntology. Any comments >>on the structure, concepts, and coverage of this v0.000000001 ontology >>would be appreciated. >> >> > > Hi, > > Reading the questions you list in the above page, I have a comment >on points 2 and 3. > When trying to build small ontologies, I found (and still do find) >extremely stupid to be "forced" to define one slot dedicated to each >class >to indicate "hasSomething". > In your example, Contact / hasContact , How / hasHow, What / hasWhat, >.... >I found this (and this is the case in every example I could find) awful. > > I wish we could define something where we don't have to be omniscients >when building the ontology, but where the ability to make reasonning >would >not be lost. Something like: > - Having a class named Property > - Having classes Contact, How, What, ... being subclasses of Property >(these classes might have many superclasses) > - Having a unique slot "hasProperty" with a value being a Class, with >the allowed class "Property" (thus also allowing Property's subclasses) > > That way, instead of having to define zillions of slots (i.e. at least >one >per new subclass of Property) and writing: > >MyConcept hasContact Contact >MyConcept hasHow How >MyConcept hasWhat What >.... and as many as there are different possible properties > >we could simply write things like: > >MyConcept hasProperty Property (with multiple cardinality, this >would cover all the above: no need to predefine all possible cases) > > and if we need to be more precise (restrict allowed properties): > >MyConcept hasProperty (Class with superclass Contact or How or What) > > Anyone experienced could tell if my own view is really really >wrong? Or incompatible with the way description logics and reasonners >work? I hope this could make our lives easier when we stop playing >with toy-ontologies and go into the big ones. > >Sebastien. > > From owner-semantics@eso.org Thu Jun 2 16:39:16 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52Eb2H8026794 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 16:37:03 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j52Eb2MF026793 for semantics-outgoing; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 16:37:02 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from apollo.hq.eso.org (apollo.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.42]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52EawH8026784 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 16:36:58 +0200 (MEST) Received: from artemis.le.ac.uk (artemis.le.ac.uk [143.210.4.129]) by apollo.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52Eav73010136 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 16:36:57 +0200 (CEST) Message-Id: <200506021436.j52Eav73010136@apollo.hq.eso.org> Received: from [143.210.36.14] (helo=marindi) by artemis.le.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 4.44) id 1DdqoV-000228-N9 for semantics@ivoa.net; Thu, 02 Jun 2005 15:36:52 +0100 From: "Tony Linde" To: "Semantics" Subject: FW: [Ontology] UCDs vs ontologies? Date: Thu, 2 Jun 2005 15:36:51 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Microsoft Office Outlook, Build 11.0.6353 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2527 Thread-Index: AcVnelBANnicdFJ+S+uXt/xK9ovbNgABiJLg X-UoL-Id: 1473d1ffd58793b3ce313c79562a4390@1DdqoV-000228-N9@artemis.le.ac.uk X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.2.12 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: "Tony Linde" X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: [forwarded from dm to semantics] Elizabeth Auden wrote: > > Incidentally, I've posted a first go at a VOEvent ontology (OWL-DL > format) on the VOTech wiki at > http://wiki.eurovotech.org/bin/view/VOTech/VoEventOntology. Any > comments on the structure, concepts, and coverage of this v0.000000001 > ontology would be appreciated. Hi, Reading the questions you list in the above page, I have a comment on points 2 and 3. When trying to build small ontologies, I found (and still do find) extremely stupid to be "forced" to define one slot dedicated to each class to indicate "hasSomething". In your example, Contact / hasContact , How / hasHow, What / hasWhat, ... I found this (and this is the case in every example I could find) awful. I wish we could define something where we don't have to be omniscients when building the ontology, but where the ability to make reasonning would not be lost. Something like: - Having a class named Property - Having classes Contact, How, What, ... being subclasses of Property (these classes might have many superclasses) - Having a unique slot "hasProperty" with a value being a Class, with the allowed class "Property" (thus also allowing Property's subclasses) That way, instead of having to define zillions of slots (i.e. at least one per new subclass of Property) and writing: MyConcept hasContact Contact MyConcept hasHow How MyConcept hasWhat What ... and as many as there are different possible properties we could simply write things like: MyConcept hasProperty Property (with multiple cardinality, this would cover all the above: no need to predefine all possible cases) and if we need to be more precise (restrict allowed properties): MyConcept hasProperty (Class with superclass Contact or How or What) Anyone experienced could tell if my own view is really really wrong? Or incompatible with the way description logics and reasonners work? I hope this could make our lives easier when we stop playing with toy-ontologies and go into the big ones. Sebastien. -- _______ / ~ /, Sebastien Derriere mailto:derriere@astro.u-strasbg.fr / ~~~~ // Observatoire de Strasbourg Phone +33 (0) 390 242 444 /______// 11, rue de l'universite Telefax +33 (0) 390 242 417 (______(/ F-67000 Strasbourg France From owner-semantics@eso.org Thu Jun 2 16:39:30 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52EbLH8026842 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 16:37:21 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j52EbLFf026841 for semantics-outgoing; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 16:37:21 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from rocky.hq.eso.org (rocky.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.43]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52EbHH8026834 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 16:37:17 +0200 (MEST) Received: from athena.le.ac.uk (ntp3d.le.ac.uk [143.210.16.127]) by rocky.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52EbFXW008274 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 16:37:16 +0200 (CEST) Message-Id: <200506021437.j52EbFXW008274@rocky.hq.eso.org> Received: from [143.210.36.14] (helo=marindi) by athena.le.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 4.44) id 1Ddqoo-0007lu-G0 for semantics@ivoa.net; Thu, 02 Jun 2005 15:37:10 +0100 From: "Tony Linde" To: "Semantics" Subject: FW: [Ontology] UCDs vs ontologies? Date: Thu, 2 Jun 2005 15:37:09 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Microsoft Office Outlook, Build 11.0.6353 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2527 Thread-Index: AcVnfBZwIR56VRbMS7Ofea/2wPNRlgABG6og X-UoL-Id: 7219251e7ec39ed7ff0112ba04698af5@1Ddqoo-0007lu-G0@athena.le.ac.uk X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.2.12 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: "Tony Linde" X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: [forwarded from dm to semantics] Hi Sebastien, > That way, instead of having to define zillions of slots (i.e. at least > one per new subclass of Property) and writing: > > MyConcept hasContact Contact > MyConcept hasHow How > MyConcept hasWhat What > ... and as many as there are different possible properties > > we could simply write things like: > > MyConcept hasProperty Property (with multiple cardinality, this would > cover all the above: no need to predefine all possible cases) This is in line with something I read when I first started looking into ontologies a few years ago, that one way of doing things is to have <10 properties of the generic "has a", "is a" variety. However, since then I've also read that providing more specific properties can also reduce confusion if the property has a human-readable / understandable name. If someone sees that class "Cow" has property "hasLegs", then you can write Cow hasLegs Legs (4), whereas if "Cow" had "hasProperty", then you could end up with Cow hasProperty Beak. Of course, if the ontology goes the first route of having only a few generic properties, then one only has to be omnicient for each class, so "hasProperty" could be restricted to "value", "unit", "WhereWhen" or "Legs" for any given class. So: many properties or few properties? I could try out two different versions while the VOEvent ontology is still quite small and see what people think. Elizabeth From owner-semantics@eso.org Thu Jun 2 16:51:33 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52EpMH8000289 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 16:51:22 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j52EpM5f000288 for semantics-outgoing; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 16:51:22 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from apollo.hq.eso.org (apollo.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.42]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52EpFH8000247 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 16:51:16 +0200 (MEST) Received: from athena.le.ac.uk (athena.le.ac.uk [143.210.16.127]) by apollo.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52EpE73010765 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 16:51:14 +0200 (CEST) Message-Id: <200506021451.j52EpE73010765@apollo.hq.eso.org> Received: from [143.210.36.14] (helo=marindi) by athena.le.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 4.44) id 1Ddr2K-0000Ra-Ds; Thu, 02 Jun 2005 15:51:08 +0100 From: "Tony Linde" To: "'Ed Shaya'" Cc: Subject: RE: [Ontology] UCDs vs ontologies? Date: Thu, 2 Jun 2005 15:51:07 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Microsoft Office Outlook, Build 11.0.6353 In-Reply-To: <429F18DC.9070602@gsfc.nasa.gov> X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2527 Thread-Index: AcVngcmPxLok0NR5RBKv8YGLmzi8RwAADSYQ X-UoL-Id: ae6e2861b2d31ab6d62ca329a0920f60@1Ddr2K-0000Ra-Ds@athena.le.ac.uk X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.2.12 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Semantics, ontologies and the like could usefully be claimed by the UCD, DM or Registry workgroups (and I daresay others if they put their minds to it :) ). The Semantics IG is the right place within the IVOA lists for discussions about this area of *interest*. If there are specific standards that need to be developed, we will raise them with the appropriate workgroup, or, if no such workgroup exists, with the exec with a view to creating a new workgroup. Cheers, Tony. > -----Original Message----- > From: owner-semantics@eso.org > [mailto:owner-semantics@eso.org] On Behalf Of Ed Shaya > Sent: 02 June 2005 15:34 > Cc: dm@ivoa.net; semantics@ivoa.net > Subject: Re: [Ontology] UCDs vs ontologies? > > Are these discussions going to be on dm or semantics? We had > better decide fast. I had spoken with Jonathan just a few > days ago and he felt this logically belonged inside of dm. I > agreed with him because Ontology should be a basic component > (an early stage) of data modeling. > But then Tony Linde reminded me that there already is a > semantics site and that is where it belongs. That makes > sense too. What do others think? > > Ed > > > > Sebastien Derriere wrote: > > >[posted to dm only to avoid cross-posting] > > > >Elizabeth Auden wrote: > > > > > >>Incidentally, I've posted a first go at a VOEvent ontology (OWL-DL > >>format) on the VOTech wiki at > >>http://wiki.eurovotech.org/bin/view/VOTech/VoEventOntology. Any > >>comments on the structure, concepts, and coverage of this > v0.000000001 > >>ontology would be appreciated. > >> > >> > > > > Hi, > > > > Reading the questions you list in the above page, I have a > comment on > >points 2 and 3. > > When trying to build small ontologies, I found (and still do find) > >extremely stupid to be "forced" to define one slot dedicated to each > >class to indicate "hasSomething". > > In your example, Contact / hasContact , How / hasHow, What > / hasWhat, > >.... > >I found this (and this is the case in every example I could > find) awful. > > > > I wish we could define something where we don't have to be > >omniscients when building the ontology, but where the > ability to make > >reasonning would not be lost. Something like: > > - Having a class named Property > > - Having classes Contact, How, What, ... being subclasses > of Property > >(these classes might have many superclasses) > > - Having a unique slot "hasProperty" with a value being a > Class, with > >the allowed class "Property" (thus also allowing Property's > subclasses) > > > > That way, instead of having to define zillions of slots (i.e. at > >least one per new subclass of Property) and writing: > > > >MyConcept hasContact Contact > >MyConcept hasHow How > >MyConcept hasWhat What > >.... and as many as there are different possible properties > > > >we could simply write things like: > > > >MyConcept hasProperty Property (with multiple cardinality, > this would > >cover all the above: no need to predefine all possible cases) > > > > and if we need to be more precise (restrict allowed properties): > > > >MyConcept hasProperty (Class with superclass Contact or How or What) > > > > Anyone experienced could tell if my own view is really > really wrong? > >Or incompatible with the way description logics and > reasonners work? I > >hope this could make our lives easier when we stop playing with > >toy-ontologies and go into the big ones. > > > >Sebastien. > > > > > > From owner-semantics@eso.org Thu Jun 2 17:35:20 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52FZ9H8010311 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 17:35:09 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j52FZ9ZD010309 for semantics-outgoing; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 17:35:09 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from apollo.hq.eso.org (apollo.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.42]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52FZ4H8010239 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 17:35:05 +0200 (MEST) Received: from artemis.le.ac.uk (artemis.le.ac.uk [143.210.4.129]) by apollo.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52FZ373012737 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 17:35:03 +0200 (CEST) Message-Id: <200506021535.j52FZ373012737@apollo.hq.eso.org> Received: from [143.210.36.14] (helo=marindi) by artemis.le.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 4.44) id 1Ddrij-0004Cn-4O for semantics@ivoa.net; Thu, 02 Jun 2005 16:34:58 +0100 From: "Tony Linde" To: "'Semantics'" Subject: RE: Semantics IG charter Date: Thu, 2 Jun 2005 16:34:56 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Microsoft Office Outlook, Build 11.0.6353 In-Reply-To: <200506021056.j52AuA73002803@apollo.hq.eso.org> X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2527 Thread-Index: AcVnYavVs6rRoK/nStabfQ40hjYs/QAJG5gw X-UoL-Id: 819d163500a25c2b8f397dcf623f59ed@1Ddrij-0004Cn-4O@artemis.le.ac.uk X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.2.14 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Okay, so far I've been asked 'why do we need one?' and 'what is a charter?'. To answer the first, because it is in the rules of the IVOA, and the second, check out the following two: http://www.ivoa.net/twiki/bin/view/IVOA/IvoaApplications#Charter http://www.ivoa.net/twiki/bin/view/IVOA/IvoaTheory#Charter So, looks like we need about 5-8 bullet points describing what this IG is about: ideas? I've also created a starter wiki page for storing docs related to this effort: http://www.ivoa.net/twiki/bin/viewauth/IVOA/IvoaSemantics (unashamedly ripped-off from Gerard's Theory one, so excuse any bits left in there) Cheers, Tony. > -----Original Message----- > From: owner-semantics@eso.org > [mailto:owner-semantics@eso.org] On Behalf Of Tony Linde > Sent: 02 June 2005 11:56 > To: Semantics > Subject: Semantics IG charter > > I've been asked by the IVOA Exec to prepare a charter for the > Semantics IG since it seems to have woken up again (and if we > keep feeding it regular stimulants, maybe it'll stay awake this time). > > Can I ask for a couple of volunteers to help me knock up a > charter that can be posted to this list for comment and > amendment and then to the Exec for approval? > > Thanks, > Tony. > > -- > Tony Linde > Phone: +44 (0)116 223 1292 Mobile: +44 (0)7753 603356 > Fax: +44 (0)116 252 3311 Email: Tony.Linde@leicester.ac.uk > Skype: callto:tonylinde (home) callto:tonylinde2 (work) > Post: Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Leicester > Leicester, UK LE1 7RH > Web: http://www.star.le.ac.uk/~ael > > Project Manager, EuroVO VOTech http://eurovotech.org > Programme Manager, AstroGrid http://www.astrogrid.org > Co-Director, > Leicester e-Science Centre http://www.e-science.le.ac.uk/ > > From owner-semantics@eso.org Thu Jun 2 17:41:00 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52FemH8011432 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 17:40:49 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j52FemSG011431 for semantics-outgoing; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 17:40:48 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from rocky.hq.eso.org (rocky.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.43]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52FeMH8011345 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 17:40:23 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mail.cacr.caltech.edu (mail.cacr.caltech.edu [131.215.145.9]) by rocky.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52FeKXW011270 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 17:40:21 +0200 (CEST) Received: from [192.168.1.101] (64-30-223-60.dsl.linkline.com [64.30.223.60]) (authenticated bits=0) by mail.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.3/8.12.3/Debian-6.6) with ESMTP id j52FdtQo011782 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=RC4-SHA bits=128 verify=NO); Thu, 2 Jun 2005 08:40:18 -0700 In-Reply-To: <200506021056.j52AuA73002803@apollo.hq.eso.org> References: <200506021056.j52AuA73002803@apollo.hq.eso.org> Mime-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v622) Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed Message-Id: <146154eb7a046035cc680a8664fd9392@cacr.caltech.edu> Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Cc: Roy Williams , "Semantics" From: Roy Williams Subject: Re: Semantics IG charter Date: Thu, 2 Jun 2005 08:40:11 -0700 To: "Tony Linde" X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.622) X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.2.14 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: On Jun 2, 2005, at 3:56 AM, Tony Linde wrote: > I've been asked by the IVOA Exec to prepare a charter for the > Semantics IG Tony I think the idea is that Semantics is the new name for UCD. Throughout the VO effort, we have been trying to identify "knowledge engineering" tools that can be useful and implementable. The only such effort that has really taken off has been the UCD effort. I would suggest that Semantics and UCD be merged, with the idea that one half is the reality of UCD and the other half is the research area of ontologies etc. Roy From owner-semantics@eso.org Thu Jun 2 17:45:16 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52Fj3H8012604 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 17:45:03 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j52Fj3b5012601 for semantics-outgoing; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 17:45:03 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from apollo.hq.eso.org (apollo.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.42]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52FiuH8012543 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 17:44:56 +0200 (MEST) Received: from msslty.mssl.ucl.ac.uk (msslty.mssl.ucl.ac.uk [128.40.71.164]) by apollo.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52Fis73013145 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 17:44:55 +0200 (CEST) Received: from msslta.mssl.ucl.ac.uk (msslta.mssl.ucl.ac.uk [128.40.71.124]) by msslty.mssl.ucl.ac.uk (8.12.10/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52Fiks1031682 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 16:44:46 +0100 Date: Thu, 2 Jun 2005 16:44:46 +0100 (BST) From: Elizabeth Auden To: "'Semantics'" Subject: RE: Semantics IG charter In-Reply-To: <200506021535.j52FZ373012737@apollo.hq.eso.org> Message-ID: References: <200506021535.j52FZ373012737@apollo.hq.eso.org> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed X-MSSL-MailScanner-Information: Please contact the ISP for more information X-MSSL-MailScanner: No virus found X-MSSL-MailScanner-SpamCheck: not spam, SpamAssassin (score=-4.9, required 5, BAYES_00 -4.90) X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.2.14 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: > So, looks like we need about 5-8 bullet points describing what this IG is > about: ideas? A few starters: * discuss development of ontologies relating to IVOA schemas * discuss integration of individual ontologies into an overall "space ontology" * discuss uses and roles for ontologies in a VO context cheers, Elizabeth From owner-semantics@eso.org Thu Jun 2 17:51:00 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52FohH8013963 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 17:50:43 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j52FohgO013962 for semantics-outgoing; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 17:50:43 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from apollo.hq.eso.org (apollo.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.42]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52FobH8013941 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 17:50:37 +0200 (MEST) Received: from apollo.le.ac.uk (ntp2b.le.ac.uk [143.210.16.125]) by apollo.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52FoZ73013358 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 17:50:36 +0200 (CEST) Message-Id: <200506021550.j52FoZ73013358@apollo.hq.eso.org> Received: from [143.210.36.14] (helo=marindi) by apollo.le.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 4.44) id 1Ddrxm-000571-Ac; Thu, 02 Jun 2005 16:50:30 +0100 From: "Tony Linde" To: "'Roy Williams'" Cc: "'Semantics'" Subject: RE: Semantics IG charter Date: Thu, 2 Jun 2005 16:50:29 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Microsoft Office Outlook, Build 11.0.6353 In-Reply-To: <146154eb7a046035cc680a8664fd9392@cacr.caltech.edu> X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2527 Thread-Index: AcVniWc6pBJoNtcySTCj9sSPzqdlGQAAO3+g X-UoL-Id: f0a53a143379aa62070b49c0aa8f95ea@1Ddrxm-000571-Ac@apollo.le.ac.uk X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.2.14 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Hi Roy, I think you've highlighted the exact reason why we need an Interest Group separate from the UCD, DM and Registry Work Groups. Also, DM think it belongs to them. So, do we fold the UCD group and put it into the DM group? And since the Registry will *realise* data models, whether based on ontologies or not, we should move them all under that! Where do you stop? Let's keep the IGs for discussion and conceptual work and the WGs for implementation. Cheers, Tony. > -----Original Message----- > From: Roy Williams [mailto:roy@cacr.caltech.edu] > Sent: 02 June 2005 16:40 > To: Tony Linde > Cc: Roy Williams; Semantics > Subject: Re: Semantics IG charter > > > On Jun 2, 2005, at 3:56 AM, Tony Linde wrote: > > > I've been asked by the IVOA Exec to prepare a charter for the > > Semantics IG > > Tony > I think the idea is that Semantics is the new name for UCD. > > Throughout the VO effort, we have been trying to identify > "knowledge engineering" tools that can be useful and > implementable. The only such effort that has really taken off > has been the UCD effort. I would suggest that Semantics and > UCD be merged, with the idea that one half is the reality of > UCD and the other half is the research area of ontologies etc. > > Roy > > From owner-semantics@eso.org Thu Jun 2 19:01:54 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52H1gH8028493 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 19:01:42 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j52H1grc028492 for semantics-outgoing; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 19:01:42 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from apollo.hq.eso.org (apollo.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.42]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52H1YH8028475 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 19:01:34 +0200 (MEST) Received: from apollo.le.ac.uk (ntp2b.le.ac.uk [143.210.16.125]) by apollo.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52H1W73016347 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 19:01:33 +0200 (CEST) Message-Id: <200506021701.j52H1W73016347@apollo.hq.eso.org> Received: from [143.210.36.14] (helo=marindi) by apollo.le.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 4.44) id 1Ddt4R-0007Rf-E8 for semantics@ivoa.net; Thu, 02 Jun 2005 18:01:27 +0100 From: "Tony Linde" To: Subject: RE: Semantics IG charter Date: Thu, 2 Jun 2005 18:01:26 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Microsoft Office Outlook, Build 11.0.6353 Thread-Index: AcVnij5m5fAq/kyORiCZs+Y9VU5kPAAB0GJQ In-Reply-To: X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2527 X-UoL-Id: 67f5496fc23307e86ec24e9d699d553d@1Ddt4R-0007Rf-E8@apollo.le.ac.uk X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.2.18 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: How about: * provide a forum for cross-workgroup discussions in the fields of semantic naming, semantic modelling, semantic querying and the like * and to assist in transitioning these ideas into IVOA workgroups * take ideas from semantic web, semantic grid and other fields and determine if they apply to the international Vobs T. > -----Original Message----- > From: owner-semantics@eso.org > [mailto:owner-semantics@eso.org] On Behalf Of Elizabeth Auden > Sent: 02 June 2005 16:45 > To: 'Semantics' > Subject: RE: Semantics IG charter > > > So, looks like we need about 5-8 bullet points describing > what this IG > > is > > about: ideas? > > A few starters: > > * discuss development of ontologies relating to IVOA schemas > * discuss integration of individual ontologies into an > overall "space ontology" > * discuss uses and roles for ontologies in a VO context > > cheers, > Elizabeth > From owner-semantics@eso.org Thu Jun 2 19:08:25 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52H8DH8029700 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 19:08:13 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j52H8D07029699 for semantics-outgoing; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 19:08:13 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from apollo.hq.eso.org (apollo.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.42]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52H83H8029683 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 19:08:03 +0200 (MEST) Received: from athena.le.ac.uk (athena.le.ac.uk [143.210.16.127]) by apollo.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52H8273016566 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 19:08:02 +0200 (CEST) Message-Id: <200506021708.j52H8273016566@apollo.hq.eso.org> Received: from [143.210.36.14] (helo=marindi) by athena.le.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 4.44) id 1DdtAi-0004zV-Dw for semantics@ivoa.net; Thu, 02 Jun 2005 18:07:56 +0100 From: "Tony Linde" To: Subject: Carry on here for now... Date: Thu, 2 Jun 2005 18:07:55 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Microsoft Office Outlook, Build 11.0.6353 Thread-Index: AcVnlZ4pwzIBoaWGSu2nrrEyfw8ZYA== X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2527 X-UoL-Id: d52e7a4b3c4a6cfe0cc588d45907644b@1DdtAi-0004zV-Dw@athena.le.ac.uk X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.2.18 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Hi all. I didn't realise I was going to provoke such a storm by offering to coordinate what seemed to be a newly arisen piece of work. It seems that both the UCD workgroup and the DM workgroup want to 'own' semantics, while I've suggested that we need an Interest Group separate from the existing Work Groups simply as a talking place. Anyway, I've suggested that the Exec sort it out at its next telecon while we get on with defining a charter, roadmap and possible actions. At least, then, if the exec want to put this topic under an existing workgroup, they'll have some work already to get started with. Does that sound okay to everyone else as a way forward? Are you happy to post here until the exec sort out a final home for the work? Cheers, Tony. -- Tony Linde Phone: +44 (0)116 223 1292 Mobile: +44 (0)7753 603356 Fax: +44 (0)116 252 3311 Email: Tony.Linde@leicester.ac.uk Skype: callto:tonylinde (home) callto:tonylinde2 (work) Post: Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Leicester Leicester, UK LE1 7RH Web: http://www.star.le.ac.uk/~ael Project Manager, EuroVO VOTech http://eurovotech.org Programme Manager, AstroGrid http://www.astrogrid.org Co-Director, Leicester e-Science Centre http://www.e-science.le.ac.uk/ From owner-semantics@eso.org Thu Jun 2 19:12:46 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52HCWH8000236 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 19:12:32 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j52HCWaA000235 for semantics-outgoing; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 19:12:32 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from rocky.hq.eso.org (rocky.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.43]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52HCRH8000197 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 19:12:28 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mail07c.vwh1.net (mail07c.vwh1.net [131.103.218.143]) by rocky.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with SMTP id j52HCPXW015144 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 19:12:26 +0200 (CEST) Received: from www.mondeca.com (207.158.249.10) by mail07c.vwh1.net (RS ver 1.0.95vs) with SMTP id 3-1245012328 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 13:12:18 -0400 (EDT) From: "Bernard Vatant" To: "Semantics" Subject: Defining a generic "hasProperty" property ? RE: [Ontology] UCDs vs ontologies? Date: Thu, 2 Jun 2005 19:12:07 +0200 Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0) X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2180 In-Reply-To: <200506021436.j52Eav73010136@apollo.hq.eso.org> Importance: Normal X-Loop-Detect: 1 X-DistLoop-Detect: 1 X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.2.18 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Bonjour Sebastien > When trying to build small ontologies, I found (and still do find) > extremely stupid to be "forced" to define one slot dedicated to each class > to indicate "hasSomething". > In your example, Contact / hasContact , How / hasHow, What / hasWhat, ... > I found this (and this is the case in every example I could find) awful. What is really awful is the lack of vocabulary :) Actually all the point of Object Properties is to make distinct the Class which is the Property Range (e.g. Contact) from the Property itself (e.g. hasContact). Maybe there it's the definition of the "hasContact" Range which has to be revisited. Should be perhaps "Organization", or "Actor", or "Person" ... whatever, in any case a Class of which definition is independent of the fact that it is the Range of "hasContact". IOW, a sound ontology should always try and make distinct for any entity the so-called "rigid" or "essential" properties, and the ones inherited from its relations with other entities (otherwise called roles). If a class is created "ad hoc" just as the range of some property, it generally means that something sucks in the model ... > I wish we could define something where we don't have to be omniscients > when building the ontology, but where the ability to make reasonning would > not be lost. Something like: > - Having a class named Property > - Having classes Contact, How, What, ... being subclasses of Property > (these classes might have many superclasses) Hmmm ... "le degre zero de la semantique" ?? :)) In any case, I won't name this Class "Property". Since, if I catch well your point, just *anything* can be instance of this class, well, there is a built-in class for that in OWL. It's owl:Thing > - Having a unique slot "hasProperty" with a value being a Class, with the > allowed class "Property" (thus also allowing Property's subclasses) I'm not sure what you mean by "with a value being a Class". The "Property" class below is a regular owl:Class, right, not a meta-class? Or is it? > That way, instead of having to define zillions of slots (i.e. at least one > per new subclass of Property) and writing: > > MyConcept hasContact Contact > MyConcept hasHow How > MyConcept hasWhat What > ... and as many as there are different possible properties > > we could simply write things like: > > MyConcept hasProperty Property (with multiple cardinality, this would cover > all the above: no need to predefine all possible cases) > and if we need to be more precise (restrict allowed properties): > > MyConcept hasProperty (Class with superclass Contact or How or What) I wonder if you are not mixing up two levels of representation. When you write "MyConcept hasProperty foo" Do you mean that "foo" is a specific value of hasProperty or is it its Range? IOW, do you mean the above as a strict RDF triple (in this case Property is actually a meta-class, of which foo is an instance). And BTW your ontology is no more DL. ... or do you mean rather the declaration of a Restriction For any instance of "MyConcept" , "hasProperty" values are instances of "foo" > Anyone experienced could tell if my own view is really really wrong? This is engineering, right - unless you claim to catch "The True Ontology of the Real World" - but hopefully there are not too many such true believers left among astronomers - so there is nothing "right" or "wrong", only stuff that works, and stuff that don't ... In that case, I'm afraid this approach is really too lazy, and think about performance of queries on VERY LARGE DATA BASES. You got one in Strasbourg, I've heard (I'm even in there, go figure! http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/ftp/cats/afoev/observer). What kind of queries will you write using "hasProperty", and how many answers will you have to process to find out all instances of "Contact" for any "VOEvent" about "SN 2005cf". Remember if you use a generic property, you will have to filter answers by their class - but the query will find them first, right? > Or incompatible with the way description logics and reasonners work? I hope > this could make our lives easier when we stop playing with toy-ontologies > and go into the big ones. Sure. So you don't have to be lazy on modeling and look at the queries it will support ... Bernard ********************************************************************************** Bernard Vatant Senior Consultant Knowledge Engineering bernard.vatant@mondeca.com "Making Sense of Content" : http://www.mondeca.com "Everything is a Subject" : http://universimmedia.blogspot.com ********************************************************************************** From owner-semantics@eso.org Thu Jun 2 19:20:02 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52HJqH8001550 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 19:19:52 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j52HJq9b001549 for semantics-outgoing; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 19:19:52 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from rocky.hq.eso.org (rocky.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.43]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52HJmH8001544 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 19:19:48 +0200 (MEST) Received: from artemis.le.ac.uk (artemis.le.ac.uk [143.210.4.129]) by rocky.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52HJkXW015355 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 19:19:47 +0200 (CEST) Message-Id: <200506021719.j52HJkXW015355@rocky.hq.eso.org> Received: from [143.210.36.14] (helo=marindi) by artemis.le.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 4.44) id 1DdtM5-00079n-Dm for semantics@ivoa.net; Thu, 02 Jun 2005 18:19:41 +0100 From: "Tony Linde" To: Subject: FW: [protege-users] 2005 Protege Conference: Early Registration Deadline Fast Approaching !! Date: Thu, 2 Jun 2005 18:19:40 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Microsoft Office Outlook, Build 11.0.6353 Thread-Index: AcVmLwE5ihds7EtFR4K6mIhQZ4iTQgBZ6NpA X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2527 X-UoL-Id: a05720c117ab9eca868236d166ad3296@1DdtM5-00079n-Dm@artemis.le.ac.uk X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.2.18 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: For European (and rich American) participants... Conference details at: http://protege.stanford.edu/conference/2005/ So far, AFAIK, Sebastien, Elizabeth and I will be going. Hey, with enough people, we could get up an IVOA sub-group :) (Just don't ask me to organise it!!!) As it says below, tomorrow is last day for low-cost registration. Cheers, Tony. -----Original Message----- From: protege-users-bounce@crg-gw.Stanford.EDU [mailto:protege-users-bounce@crg-gw.Stanford.EDU] On Behalf Of Jennifer Vendetti Sent: 31 May 2005 20:46 To: protege-users@SMI.Stanford.EDU Subject: [protege-users] 2005 Protege Conference: Early Registration Deadline Fast Approaching !! Protege Users, Please note that the early registration deadline for the Protege Conference is this Friday, June 3rd. After June 3rd, the price for registration will go from $475.00 to $700.00. We encourage those of you who have not yet registered but plan to attend the conference to register as soon as possible. Looking forward to seeing you in July! The Protege Team ------------------------------------------------------------------------- To unsubscribe go to http://protege.stanford.edu/community/subscribe.html From owner-semantics@eso.org Thu Jun 2 21:45:59 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52JjlH8027165 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 21:45:47 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j52JjlA5027164 for semantics-outgoing; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 21:45:47 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from apollo.hq.eso.org (apollo.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.42]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52JjgH8027156 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 21:45:43 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mail.cacr.caltech.edu (mail.cacr.caltech.edu [131.215.145.9]) by apollo.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52Jje73021663 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 21:45:41 +0200 (CEST) Received: from [131.215.146.143] ([131.215.146.143]) (authenticated bits=0) by mail.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.3/8.12.3/Debian-6.6) with ESMTP id j52JjbQn020091 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=RC4-SHA bits=128 verify=NO); Thu, 2 Jun 2005 12:45:38 -0700 Mime-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v622) To: Semantics Message-Id: <3d9c3c3698002150f7782ba574f355f9@cacr.caltech.edu> Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary=Apple-Mail-20--152110460 Cc: Roy Williams Subject: some semantic puzzles from VOEvent From: Roy Williams Date: Thu, 2 Jun 2005 12:45:26 -0700 X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.622) X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.2.22 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: --Apple-Mail-20--152110460 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed Here are some projects and use cases that are of interest to me and the VOEvent group, that may be relevant to the Semantics IG. Roy ----------------- (1) Adding an interpretation to a VOEvent. In the VOEvent schema, we have a "Why" section where the publisher can say what they think the event is (supernova or an outburst of a variable star or a microlensing event or GRB etc etc). We would like a formal vocabulary so that, for example, the computer can understand that "Supernova" and "SN" are the same thing. However, my simple attempts to do this as a new branch of the UCD tree blew up into a storm of controversy. How can we make progress here? (2) Suppose we have a collection of Event observation packets that are all about single astrophysical event, but made by different people from different telescopes. How can I look at the interpretations ("Why" sections) and decide if there is a difference of opinion, or a change in interpretation with time? One report says the Event is a Supernova, another says it is a SupernovaType1a, another says it is a SN and another says "bright source associated with a galaxy". Are these four in agreement? (3) In VOEvent, there is a section for saying what was measured, and it is a collection of parameters that are characterized by UCD. For example PEAK_COUNT=3243 and R-MAG=17.5 and BANANA_FLUX=4.654. If I have a lot of VOEvent packets that refer to the same astrophysical event, can I extract a SED or light-curve (or time-dependent SED) by federating all the separate observations? California Institute of Technology 626 395 3670 --Apple-Mail-20--152110460 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Type: text/enriched; charset=US-ASCII Here are some projects and use cases that are of interest to me and the VOEvent group, that may be relevant to the Semantics IG. Roy ----------------- (1) Adding an interpretation to a VOEvent. In the VOEvent schema, we have a "Why" section where the publisher can say what they think the event is (supernova or an outburst of a variable star or a microlensing event or GRB etc etc). We would like a formal vocabulary so that, for example, the computer can understand that "Supernova" and "SN" are the same thing. However, my simple attempts to do this as a new branch of the UCD tree blew up into a storm of controversy. How can we make progress here? (2) Suppose we have a collection of Event observation packets that are all about single astrophysical event, but made by different people from different telescopes. How can I look at the interpretations ("Why" sections) and decide if there is a difference of opinion, or a change in interpretation with time? One report says the Event is a Supernova, another says it is a SupernovaType1a, another says it is a SN and another says "bright source associated with a galaxy". Are these four in agreement? (3) In VOEvent, there is a section for saying what was measured, and it is a collection of parameters that are characterized by UCD. For example PEAK_COUNT=3243 and R-MAG=17.5 and BANANA_FLUX=4.654. If I have a lot of VOEvent packets that refer to the same astrophysical event, can I extract a SED or light-curve (or time-dependent SED) by federating all the separate observations? HelveticaCalifornia Institute of Technology 626 395 3670 --Apple-Mail-20--152110460-- From owner-semantics@eso.org Thu Jun 2 22:45:57 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52KjeH8006647 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 22:45:40 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j52KjePF006646 for semantics-outgoing; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 22:45:40 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from apollo.hq.eso.org (apollo.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.42]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52KjZH8006637; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 22:45:36 +0200 (MEST) Received: from earth.astro.umd.edu (earth.astro.umd.edu [129.2.14.2]) by apollo.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52KjX73024472; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 22:45:34 +0200 (CEST) Received: from bigstar.astro.umd.edu (bigstar.astro.umd.edu [129.2.15.48]) by earth.astro.umd.edu (Postfix) with ESMTP id D120010992; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 16:45:27 -0400 (EDT) From: Brian Thomas Organization: University of Maryland To: semantics@ivoa.net, dm@ivoa.net Subject: Quantity in SED, VOEvent (Was: Re: some semantic puzzles from VOEvent Date: Thu, 2 Jun 2005 16:44:54 -0400 User-Agent: KMail/1.7.1 Cc: Roy Williams References: <3d9c3c3698002150f7782ba574f355f9@cacr.caltech.edu> In-Reply-To: <3d9c3c3698002150f7782ba574f355f9@cacr.caltech.edu> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Content-Disposition: inline Message-Id: <200506021644.54159.thomas@astro.umd.edu> X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.2.24 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: On Thursday 02 June 2005 03:45 pm, Roy Williams wrote: > (3) In VOEvent, there is a section for saying what was measured, and it > is a collection of parameters that are characterized by UCD. For > example PEAK_COUNT=3243 and R-MAG=17.5 and BANANA_FLUX=4.654. If I have > a lot of  VOEvent packets that refer to the same astrophysical event,   > can I extract a SED or light-curve (or time-dependent SED) by > federating all the separate observations? > Roy, As was pointed out at the NVO Team meeting in April, this section of VOEvent should be captured as quantity(s). This, in tandem with adoption of quantities in the measured phenomena portion of the SED model, would make what you desire happen more or less seamlessly. I have a quantity-based SED model sitting about here somewheres.. from what I recall its not terribly different looking than the current non-q sed one. =brian ps cross-posted only because this went to 'semantics' first. Please continue on dm list, if desired. -- -------------------------------------- | | Dr. Brian Thomas | | Dept of Astronomy | University of Maryland-College Park | | Phone: (301) 405-2312 | Fax: (301) 314-9067 | -------------------------------------- From owner-dm@eso.org Thu Jun 2 22:46:08 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52KjkH8006652 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 22:45:47 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j52Kjkpn006651 for dm-outgoing; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 22:45:46 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-dm@eso.org using -f Received: from apollo.hq.eso.org (apollo.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.42]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52KjZH8006637; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 22:45:36 +0200 (MEST) Received: from earth.astro.umd.edu (earth.astro.umd.edu [129.2.14.2]) by apollo.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52KjX73024472; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 22:45:34 +0200 (CEST) Received: from bigstar.astro.umd.edu (bigstar.astro.umd.edu [129.2.15.48]) by earth.astro.umd.edu (Postfix) with ESMTP id D120010992; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 16:45:27 -0400 (EDT) From: Brian Thomas Organization: University of Maryland To: semantics@ivoa.net, dm@ivoa.net Subject: Quantity in SED, VOEvent (Was: Re: some semantic puzzles from VOEvent Date: Thu, 2 Jun 2005 16:44:54 -0400 User-Agent: KMail/1.7.1 Cc: Roy Williams References: <3d9c3c3698002150f7782ba574f355f9@cacr.caltech.edu> In-Reply-To: <3d9c3c3698002150f7782ba574f355f9@cacr.caltech.edu> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Content-Disposition: inline Message-Id: <200506021644.54159.thomas@astro.umd.edu> X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.2.24 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-dm@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: dm@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: On Thursday 02 June 2005 03:45 pm, Roy Williams wrote: > (3) In VOEvent, there is a section for saying what was measured, and it > is a collection of parameters that are characterized by UCD. For > example PEAK_COUNT=3243 and R-MAG=17.5 and BANANA_FLUX=4.654. If I have > a lot of  VOEvent packets that refer to the same astrophysical event,   > can I extract a SED or light-curve (or time-dependent SED) by > federating all the separate observations? > Roy, As was pointed out at the NVO Team meeting in April, this section of VOEvent should be captured as quantity(s). This, in tandem with adoption of quantities in the measured phenomena portion of the SED model, would make what you desire happen more or less seamlessly. I have a quantity-based SED model sitting about here somewheres.. from what I recall its not terribly different looking than the current non-q sed one. =brian ps cross-posted only because this went to 'semantics' first. Please continue on dm list, if desired. -- -------------------------------------- | | Dr. Brian Thomas | | Dept of Astronomy | University of Maryland-College Park | | Phone: (301) 405-2312 | Fax: (301) 314-9067 | -------------------------------------- From owner-semantics@eso.org Thu Jun 2 23:00:30 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52L0EH8008960 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 23:00:14 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j52L0Ebo008959 for semantics-outgoing; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 23:00:14 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from apollo.hq.eso.org (apollo.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.42]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52L0AH8008953 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 23:00:10 +0200 (MEST) Received: from athena.le.ac.uk (athena.le.ac.uk [143.210.16.127]) by apollo.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52L0873024829 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 23:00:09 +0200 (CEST) Message-Id: <200506022100.j52L0873024829@apollo.hq.eso.org> Received: from [143.210.36.14] (helo=marindi) by athena.le.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 4.44) id 1DdwnL-0001qP-FE; Thu, 02 Jun 2005 22:00:03 +0100 From: "Tony Linde" To: "VOTech-ResourceDiscovery" , Subject: FW: [protege-users] 2005 Protege Conference: Early Registration & Hotel Information Date: Thu, 2 Jun 2005 22:00:01 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Microsoft Office Outlook, Build 11.0.6353 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2527 Thread-Index: AcVnqO7jx6BswNIgRbekk7JSmuqoQQADQejw X-UoL-Id: 2fb3f75526cf268a3e7c40552db657fa@1DdwnL-0001qP-FE@athena.le.ac.uk X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.2.24 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: largely a repeat of previous email, but new info about hotel... -----Original Message----- From: protege-users-bounce@crg-gw.Stanford.EDU [mailto:protege-users-bounce@crg-gw.Stanford.EDU] On Behalf Of Jennifer Vendetti Sent: 02 June 2005 17:55 To: protege-users@SMI.Stanford.EDU Subject: [protege-users] 2005 Protege Conference: Early Registration & Hotel Information Protege Users, Please note that tomorrow (Friday, June 3rd) is the deadline for early registration. After Friday, registration fees will increase from $450.00 to $700.00 for regular registrants and from $200.00 to $400.00 for student registrants. Online registration is available on the conference Web site: http://protege.stanford.edu/conference/2005/register.html Also, Monday, June 6th is the last day to book a room from the blocks of rooms reserved for the Protege Conference at hotels Husa Princesa and Husa Moncloa. After June 6th, the blocks of rooms will be opened up to the public and the special conference rates will no longer be available. More information about both hotels is available on the conference Web site: http://protege.stanford.edu/conference/2005/hotels.html Looking forward to seeing you in July! The Protege Team ------------------------------------------------------------------------- To unsubscribe go to http://protege.stanford.edu/community/subscribe.html From owner-semantics@eso.org Thu Jun 2 23:10:29 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52LADH8011651 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 23:10:13 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j52LAD13011650 for semantics-outgoing; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 23:10:13 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from apollo.hq.eso.org (apollo.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.42]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52LA9H8010973 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 23:10:09 +0200 (MEST) Received: from apollo.le.ac.uk (ntp2b.le.ac.uk [143.210.16.125]) by apollo.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j52LA773025145 for ; Thu, 2 Jun 2005 23:10:08 +0200 (CEST) Message-Id: <200506022110.j52LA773025145@apollo.hq.eso.org> Received: from [143.210.36.14] (helo=marindi) by apollo.le.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 4.44) id 1Ddwx0-0005P5-Gx for semantics@ivoa.net; Thu, 02 Jun 2005 22:10:02 +0100 From: "Tony Linde" To: Subject: Capturing conflicting classifications + Annotations Date: Thu, 2 Jun 2005 22:10:01 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Microsoft Office Outlook, Build 11.0.6353 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2527 Thread-Index: AcVnt3ATxcTX9kzKR+eDBHJkTreD6g== X-UoL-Id: c10ae1cf9b495b15106124025aad214f@1Ddwx0-0005P5-Gx@apollo.le.ac.uk X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.2.25 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: An area of work which I think needs to be captured and in which semantic-ish-ness might help, is that of capturing and making available conflicting information. So, if we have a source of some sort, one person classifies it as a star and another as a galaxy. How do we capture that in an ontology? Can the classifications be rated? Is there a more general topic here of annotating items in an ontology? Can we overlay an ontology so that specialised interpretations or annotations look like they are part of some full ontology? So, if a query is created with a 'namespace' of AstroOntology+RoyWilliams, then querying on 'galaxies' will include sources classified differently by RoyWilliams from everyone else in astronomy. Cheers, Tony. -- Tony Linde Phone: +44 (0)116 223 1292 Mobile: +44 (0)7753 603356 Fax: +44 (0)116 252 3311 Email: Tony.Linde@leicester.ac.uk Skype: callto:tonylinde (home) callto:tonylinde2 (work) Post: Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Leicester Leicester, UK LE1 7RH Web: http://www.star.le.ac.uk/~ael Project Manager, EuroVO VOTech http://eurovotech.org Programme Manager, AstroGrid http://www.astrogrid.org Co-Director, Leicester e-Science Centre http://www.e-science.le.ac.uk/ From owner-semantics@eso.org Fri Jun 3 09:34:54 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j537YacT029747 for ; Fri, 3 Jun 2005 09:34:37 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j537Ya7D029746 for semantics-outgoing; Fri, 3 Jun 2005 09:34:36 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from rocky.hq.eso.org (rocky.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.43]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j537YTcT029678 for ; Fri, 3 Jun 2005 09:34:30 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mailhost.u-strasbg.fr (mailhost.u-strasbg.fr [130.79.200.157]) by rocky.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j537YSXW004717 for ; Fri, 3 Jun 2005 09:34:28 +0200 (CEST) Received: from astro.u-strasbg.fr (newb6.u-strasbg.fr [130.79.128.16]) by mailhost.u-strasbg.fr (8.13.1/jtpda-5.5pre1) with ESMTP id j537YMRf085278 for ; Fri, 3 Jun 2005 09:34:22 +0200 (CEST) Message-ID: <42A007FE.4B5A001F@astro.u-strasbg.fr> Date: Fri, 03 Jun 2005 09:34:22 +0200 From: Sebastien Derriere Organization: Observatoire de Strasbourg X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.7 [en] (X11; I; SunOS 5.6 sun4u) X-Accept-Language: en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: semantics@ivoa.net Subject: Re: FW: [protege-users] 2005 Protege Conference: Early Registration & Hotel Information References: <200506022100.j52L0873024829@apollo.hq.eso.org> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Greylist: Sender IP whitelisted, not delayed by milter-greylist-1.6 (mailhost.u-strasbg.fr [130.79.200.157]); Fri, 03 Jun 2005 09:34:23 +0200 (CEST) X-Antivirus: scanned by sophos at u-strasbg.fr X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.2.46 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Tony Linde wrote: > > Also, Monday, June 6th is the last day to book a room from the blocks of > rooms reserved for the Protege Conference at hotels Husa Princesa and Husa > Moncloa. After June 6th, the blocks of rooms will be opened up to the > public and the special conference rates will no longer be available. More > information about both hotels is available on the conference Web site: > > http://protege.stanford.edu/conference/2005/hotels.html FYI, I found that the "conference special rate" is not really interesting. Using the regular web pages of the hotel, you can find e.g. rooms for 119 euros (conference rate is 159 euro) at Hotel Husa Princesa. Sebastien. -- _______ / ~ /, Sebastien Derriere mailto:derriere@astro.u-strasbg.fr / ~~~~ // Observatoire de Strasbourg Phone +33 (0) 390 242 444 /______// 11, rue de l'universite Telefax +33 (0) 390 242 417 (______(/ F-67000 Strasbourg France From owner-semantics@eso.org Fri Jun 3 10:46:19 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j538k2cT014042 for ; Fri, 3 Jun 2005 10:46:02 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j538k29r014040 for semantics-outgoing; Fri, 3 Jun 2005 10:46:02 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from apollo.hq.eso.org (apollo.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.42]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j538jwcT013965 for ; Fri, 3 Jun 2005 10:45:58 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mail07c.vwh1.net (mail07c.vwh1.net [131.103.218.143]) by apollo.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with SMTP id j538jt73010902 for ; Fri, 3 Jun 2005 10:45:56 +0200 (CEST) Received: from www.mondeca.com (207.158.249.10) by mail07c.vwh1.net (RS ver 1.0.95vs) with SMTP id 3-1121958343 for ; Fri, 3 Jun 2005 04:45:46 -0400 (EDT) From: "Bernard Vatant" To: Subject: RE: some semantic puzzles from VOEvent Date: Fri, 3 Jun 2005 10:45:42 +0200 Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0) X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2180 In-Reply-To: <3d9c3c3698002150f7782ba574f355f9@cacr.caltech.edu> Importance: Normal X-Loop-Detect: 1 X-DistLoop-Detect: 1 X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.3.0 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Some suggestions of tracks to answer Roy's puzzles ... (1) Adding an interpretation to a VOEvent. In the VOEvent schema, we have a "Why" section where the publisher can say what they think the event is (supernova or an outburst of a variable star or a microlensing event or GRB etc etc). We would like a formal vocabulary so that, for example, the computer can understand that "Supernova" and "SN" are the same thing. However, my simple attempts to do this as a new branch of the UCD tree blew up into a storm of controversy. How can we make progress here? BV : Preliminary question : I've mined the whole IVOA website looking for VOEvent schema, but could not find it. Is it available somewhere? Even as a draft? Seems to me that a science ontology should always make distinct the representation of the *experimental data* (which if I get it right, are what VOEvent(s) are about), and *interpretations* of those data. The word "event" is overloaded here, since it seems to encapsulate both, hence the difficulty, frequent in science. Although everyone involved in experimental science is aware (or should be) in theory of this distinction, in practice it's often forgotten when there is global implicit agreement on interpretation. When I say : "This is an infrared image of the planet Jupiter" I somehow forget the distinction. I should say : "This is the result of a process in which X have gathered bytes using such telescope, CCD, software ... and that Y interprets as being an image in IR of the planet Jupiter". But nobody would do that in that case, because everybody knows (or thinks so) or at least implicitly agrees upon what Jupiter *is* and looks like, what a planet *is*, and so on. There is a unique (implicit) interpretation in the common (implicit) ontology. Of course, this breaks for SN or GRB, where the question of interpretation is critical. I've an old Web Page about that issue [1]. If one wants to clarify and formalize, this distinction has to be captured in the ontology. The way I see it, roughly and non-exhaustive, and independently of specific data or even scientific domain (this applies also in Biology, Earth Sciences, whatever). An "Event" is composed of one "Fact" and one or more "Interpretation(s)". When I say "Fact", read "experimental fact". Components of Fact What : Data Set (including values, units etc ...) When - Where : Space-Time location of the experiment How : Tools (Method, Instrument, Protocol ...) Who : Actor in the Fact (observer, data curator ...) Related Facts : Previous, Follow-up Framework : Research Program ... Why : Purpose of the event (why the data have been gathered for, hypothesis, whatever) ... Components of Interpretation Science Object : The thing(s) data are about, and their type Model (this is more tricky : includes theoretical framework, world model, ...) Who : Who makes the interpretation Publication : Various material documenting the interpretation Support : Other facts and interpretations contributing to the interpretation Similar : Other facts interpreted as being about the same object ... I would be happy to propose a more formal description of all that in a OWL format if folks are interested to review it. (2) Suppose we have a collection of Event observation packets *that are all about single astrophysical event*, but made by different people from different telescopes. How can I look at the interpretations ("Why" sections) and decide if there is a difference of opinion, or a change in interpretation with time? One report says the Event is a Supernova, another says it is a SupernovaType1a, another says it is a SN and another says "bright source associated with a galaxy". Are these four in agreement? BV : I've underlined *that are all about single astrophysical event*. Think about the meaning of this sentence at the light of the above distinction. You have different experimental facts, interpreted as being about the same object. Observer X has taken an image later interpreted as being a SN 1c in NGC 4038. Other, looking to the same sky coordinates, have obtained other data that they interpret as being images of the "same" object in the "same" galaxy (whatever this "sameness" actually means ...). The "object" is named 2004gt. Looking at some description : http://www.rochesterastronomy.org/supernova.html#2004gt ... the distinction between the fact and the interpretation is far from obvious. Now to answer directly your question about agreement, seems to me that there are three levels of agreement: 1. Agreement about speaking of the same fact(s) - same observation(s) 2. Agreements about interpretation : 2.a : Agreement on "sameness" of object across different observations 2.b : Agreement on type of this object For all those, all the point is to explicitly identify the subject of conversation. Agreement between SN and SN 1c interpretations can be inferred if the ontology of objects declares that SN 1C is a subclass of SN. (3) In VOEvent, there is a section for saying what was measured, and it is a collection of parameters that are characterized by UCD. For example PEAK_COUNT=3243 and R-MAG=17.5 and BANANA_FLUX=4.654. If I have a lot of VOEvent packets that refer to the same astrophysical event, can I extract a SED or light-curve (or time-dependent SED) by federating all the separate observations? BV: The answer is "yes" if the "what was measured" refers to an interpretation with agreement on 2.a (in terms of object sameness). When I extract a light-curve I am in the framework of interpretation. I mean there is no light-curve that is a fact, unless it's directly captured by a single instrument, protocol ... As long as you put together data from different sources, the agreement about those data being about the same thing supposes an (there again, most of the time implicit) agreement on a world model where this object is supposed to "exist". This seems somehow independent of any agreement on 2.b (type of the object) although it's not obvious that there can be any agreement on the sameness of an object if there is disagreement on its type. From a formal viewpoint, suppose you have declared in the ontology that SN 1a and SN 1c are disjoint subclasses of SN, if interpretation X says that E is instance of SN 1a and interpretation Y says that E is instance of SN 1b, but agree that E is the same object (same object identification), I can infer that X and Y are inconsistent (read : disagree). Hope that is helpful, and not adding to confusion :)) [1] http://perso.wanadoo.fr/universimmedia/subjects.htm ********************************************************************************** Bernard Vatant Senior Consultant Knowledge Engineering bernard.vatant@mondeca.com "Making Sense of Content" : http://www.mondeca.com "Everything is a Subject" : http://universimmedia.blogspot.com ********************************************************************************** From owner-semantics@eso.org Fri Jun 3 10:59:35 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j538xOcT016288 for ; Fri, 3 Jun 2005 10:59:25 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j538xOUT016287 for semantics-outgoing; Fri, 3 Jun 2005 10:59:24 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from apollo.hq.eso.org (apollo.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.42]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j538xKcT016277 for ; Fri, 3 Jun 2005 10:59:20 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mail07a.vwh1.net (mail07a.vwh1.net [131.103.218.80]) by apollo.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with SMTP id j538xH73011305 for ; Fri, 3 Jun 2005 10:59:18 +0200 (CEST) Received: from www.mondeca.com (207.158.249.10) by mail07a.vwh1.net (RS ver 1.0.95vs) with SMTP id 0-1568189145 for ; Fri, 3 Jun 2005 04:59:08 -0400 (EDT) From: "Bernard Vatant" To: Subject: RE: Capturing conflicting classifications + Annotations Date: Fri, 3 Jun 2005 10:59:05 +0200 Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0) X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2180 In-Reply-To: <200506022110.j52LA773025145@apollo.hq.eso.org> Importance: Normal X-Loop-Detect: 1 X-DistLoop-Detect: 1 X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.3.1 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Tony See my previous answer to Roy, where there might be clues about your first question at least. As long as you make fact and interpretation distinct objects, there is no problem in qualifying the interpretation by any appropriate attribute (author, date, asserted quality). You can easily formally define approval, refutation, whatever, like : "X is an interpretation of E by Roy" "Tony says that X is *** (whatever you want to qualify it)" Bernard > -----Message d'origine----- > De : owner-semantics@eso.org [mailto:owner-semantics@eso.org]De la part > de Tony Linde > Envoye : jeudi 2 juin 2005 23:10 > A : semantics@ivoa.net > Objet : Capturing conflicting classifications + Annotations > > > An area of work which I think needs to be captured and in which > semantic-ish-ness might help, is that of capturing and making available > conflicting information. > > So, if we have a source of some sort, one person classifies it as a star and > another as a galaxy. How do we capture that in an ontology? Can the > classifications be rated? > > Is there a more general topic here of annotating items in an ontology? Can > we overlay an ontology so that specialised interpretations or annotations > look like they are part of some full ontology? So, if a query is created > with a 'namespace' of AstroOntology+RoyWilliams, then querying on 'galaxies' > will include sources classified differently by RoyWilliams from everyone > else in astronomy. > > Cheers, > Tony. > > -- > Tony Linde > Phone: +44 (0)116 223 1292 Mobile: +44 (0)7753 603356 > Fax: +44 (0)116 252 3311 Email: Tony.Linde@leicester.ac.uk > Skype: callto:tonylinde (home) callto:tonylinde2 (work) > Post: Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Leicester > Leicester, UK LE1 7RH > Web: http://www.star.le.ac.uk/~ael > > Project Manager, EuroVO VOTech http://eurovotech.org > Programme Manager, AstroGrid http://www.astrogrid.org > Co-Director, > Leicester e-Science Centre http://www.e-science.le.ac.uk/ > From owner-semantics@eso.org Fri Jun 3 15:00:45 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j53D0VcT002255 for ; Fri, 3 Jun 2005 15:00:31 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j53D0V90002254 for semantics-outgoing; Fri, 3 Jun 2005 15:00:31 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from apollo.hq.eso.org (apollo.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.42]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j53D0PcT002225 for ; Fri, 3 Jun 2005 15:00:26 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mail07b.vwh1.net (mail07b.vwh1.net [131.103.218.112]) by apollo.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with SMTP id j53D0M73018655 for ; Fri, 3 Jun 2005 15:00:23 +0200 (CEST) Received: from www.mondeca.com (207.158.249.10) by mail07b.vwh1.net (RS ver 1.0.95vs) with SMTP id 4-1963923609 for ; Fri, 3 Jun 2005 09:00:15 -0400 (EDT) From: "Bernard Vatant" To: Subject: RE: some semantic puzzles from VOEvent Date: Fri, 3 Jun 2005 15:00:08 +0200 Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0) X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2180 In-Reply-To: Importance: Normal X-Loop-Detect: 1 X-DistLoop-Detect: 1 X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.3.8 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Just an addition after eventually finding out the VOEvent schema ... http://www.ivoa.net/internal/IVOA/IvoaVOEvent/VOEvent-0.90.pdf ... good to see everything I wrote below is mostly useless, since it's all in that document, basically. Sorry for the noise. So either I missed the point of the questions, or their point is the difficulty to see the articulation of the ontology with the data schema, e.g. how many entities, and of which type is a VOEvent (as a data set) about. In the latter case, maybe what I wrote is worth reading. Bernard > -----Message d'origine----- > De : owner-semantics@eso.org [mailto:owner-semantics@eso.org]De la part > de Bernard Vatant > Envoye : vendredi 3 juin 2005 10:46 > A : semantics@ivoa.net > Objet : RE: some semantic puzzles from VOEvent > > > > Some suggestions of tracks to answer Roy's puzzles ... > > (1) Adding an interpretation to a VOEvent. In the VOEvent schema, we have a > "Why" section > where the publisher can say what they think the event is (supernova or an outburst of a > variable star or a microlensing event or GRB etc etc). We would like a formal vocabulary > so that, for example, the computer can understand that "Supernova" and "SN" are the same > thing. However, my simple attempts to do this as a new branch of the UCD tree > blew up into > a storm of controversy. How can we make progress here? > > BV : Preliminary question : I've mined the whole IVOA website looking for > VOEvent schema, > but could not find it. Is it available somewhere? Even as a draft? > Seems to me that a science ontology should always make distinct the > representation of the > *experimental data* (which if I get it right, are what VOEvent(s) are about), and > *interpretations* of those data. The word "event" is overloaded here, since it seems to > encapsulate both, hence the difficulty, frequent in science. Although everyone > involved in > experimental science is aware (or should be) in theory of this distinction, in practice > it's often forgotten when there is global implicit agreement on interpretation. > When I say > : "This is an infrared image of the planet Jupiter" I somehow forget the distinction. I > should say : "This is the result of a process in which X have gathered bytes using such > telescope, CCD, software ... and that Y interprets as being an image in IR of the planet > Jupiter". But nobody would do that in that case, because everybody knows (or > thinks so) or > at least implicitly agrees upon what Jupiter *is* and looks like, what a planet > *is*, and > so on. There is a unique (implicit) interpretation in the common (implicit) ontology. Of > course, this breaks for SN or GRB, where the question of interpretation is > critical. I've > an old Web Page about that issue [1]. > > If one wants to clarify and formalize, this distinction has to be captured in the > ontology. The way I see it, roughly and non-exhaustive, and independently of > specific data > or even scientific domain (this applies also in Biology, Earth Sciences, whatever). An > "Event" is composed of one "Fact" and one or more "Interpretation(s)". When I > say "Fact", > read "experimental fact". > > Components of Fact > What : Data Set (including values, units etc ...) > When - Where : Space-Time location of the experiment > How : Tools (Method, Instrument, Protocol ...) > Who : Actor in the Fact (observer, data curator ...) > Related Facts : Previous, Follow-up > Framework : Research Program ... > Why : Purpose of the event (why the data have been gathered for, > hypothesis, whatever) > ... > > Components of Interpretation > Science Object : The thing(s) data are about, and their type > Model (this is more tricky : includes theoretical framework, world model, ...) > Who : Who makes the interpretation > Publication : Various material documenting the interpretation > Support : Other facts and interpretations contributing to the interpretation > Similar : Other facts interpreted as being about the same object > ... > > I would be happy to propose a more formal description of all that in a OWL > format if folks > are interested to review it. > > (2) Suppose we have a collection of Event observation packets *that are all about single > astrophysical event*, but made by different people from different telescopes. How can I > look at the interpretations ("Why" sections) and decide if there is a difference of > opinion, or a change in interpretation with time? One report says the Event is a > Supernova, another says it is a SupernovaType1a, another says it is a SN and > another says > "bright source associated with a galaxy". Are these four in agreement? > > BV : I've underlined *that are all about single astrophysical event*. Think about the > meaning of this sentence at the light of the above distinction. You have different > experimental facts, interpreted as being about the same object. Observer X has taken an > image later interpreted as being a SN 1c in NGC 4038. Other, looking to the same sky > coordinates, have obtained other data that they interpret as being images of the "same" > object in the "same" galaxy (whatever this "sameness" actually means ...). The > "object" is > named 2004gt. Looking at some description : > http://www.rochesterastronomy.org/supernova.html#2004gt ... the distinction between the > fact and the interpretation is far from obvious. > > Now to answer directly your question about agreement, seems to me that there are three > levels of agreement: > 1. Agreement about speaking of the same fact(s) - same observation(s) > 2. Agreements about interpretation : > 2.a : Agreement on "sameness" of object across different observations > 2.b : Agreement on type of this object > For all those, all the point is to explicitly identify the subject of conversation. > Agreement between SN and SN 1c interpretations can be inferred if the ontology > of objects > declares that SN 1C is a subclass of SN. > > (3) In VOEvent, there is a section for saying what was measured, and it is a > collection of > parameters that are characterized by UCD. For example PEAK_COUNT=3243 and R-MAG=17.5 and > BANANA_FLUX=4.654. If I have a lot of VOEvent packets that refer to the same > astrophysical > event, can I extract a SED or light-curve (or time-dependent SED) by federating all the > separate observations? > > BV: The answer is "yes" if the "what was measured" refers to an interpretation with > agreement on 2.a (in terms of object sameness). When I extract a light-curve I am in the > framework of interpretation. I mean there is no light-curve that is a fact, unless it's > directly captured by a single instrument, protocol ... As long as you put together data > from different sources, the agreement about those data being about the same > thing supposes > an (there again, most of the time implicit) agreement on a world model where this object > is supposed to "exist". > > This seems somehow independent of any agreement on 2.b (type of the object) > although it's > not obvious that there can be any agreement on the sameness of an object if there is > disagreement on its type. From a formal viewpoint, suppose you have declared in the > ontology that SN 1a and SN 1c are disjoint subclasses of SN, if interpretation > X says that > E is instance of SN 1a and interpretation Y says that E is instance of SN 1b, but agree > that E is the same object (same object identification), I can infer that X and Y are > inconsistent (read : disagree). > > Hope that is helpful, and not adding to confusion :)) > > [1] http://perso.wanadoo.fr/universimmedia/subjects.htm > > ********************************************************************************** > > Bernard Vatant > Senior Consultant > Knowledge Engineering > bernard.vatant@mondeca.com > > "Making Sense of Content" : http://www.mondeca.com > "Everything is a Subject" : http://universimmedia.blogspot.com > > ********************************************************************************** > > > From owner-semantics@eso.org Fri Jun 3 16:21:03 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j53EKlcT019481 for ; Fri, 3 Jun 2005 16:20:47 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j53EKlo8019479 for semantics-outgoing; Fri, 3 Jun 2005 16:20:47 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from rocky.hq.eso.org (rocky.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.43]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j53EKfcT019451 for ; Fri, 3 Jun 2005 16:20:41 +0200 (MEST) Received: from fed1rmmtao04.cox.net (fed1rmmtao04.cox.net [68.230.241.35]) by rocky.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j53EKcXW017255 for ; Fri, 3 Jun 2005 16:20:39 +0200 (CEST) Received: from [10.0.1.39] (really [68.231.133.145]) by fed1rmmtao04.cox.net (InterMail vM.6.01.04.00 201-2131-118-20041027) with ESMTP id <20050603142029.RNCB23392.fed1rmmtao04.cox.net@[10.0.1.39]>; Fri, 3 Jun 2005 10:20:29 -0400 In-Reply-To: References: Mime-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v730) X-Priority: 3 (Normal) Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary=Apple-Mail-3--85208119 Message-Id: <5CEEBE0E-6B78-4EF2-8229-B33188D32FC8@noao.edu> Cc: Rob Seaman From: Rob Seaman Subject: Re: some semantic puzzles from VOEvent Date: Fri, 3 Jun 2005 07:20:28 -0700 To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.730) X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.3.12 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: --Apple-Mail-3--85208119 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; delsp=yes; format=flowed On Jun 3, 2005, at 6:00 AM, Bernard Vatant wrote: > Just an addition after eventually finding out the VOEvent schema ... > http://www.ivoa.net/internal/IVOA/IvoaVOEvent/VOEvent-0.90.pdf The document has evolved a bit in response to comments from Kyoto. I've appended v0.92. Rick Hessman has a draft schema that is now somewhat out of date: http://monet.uni-sw.gwdg.de/twiki/bin/viewauth/VOEvent > ... good to see everything I wrote below is mostly useless, since > it's all in that > document, basically. Sorry for the noise. Actually, I found your message very useful. Roy's questions were directed at the hardest issues we met at the workshop. We (somewhat miraculously) reached a consensus on how to simplify the issues for the short term, but they haven't gone away. In short, we're fast approaching v1.0 of VOEvent, but v2.0 is anticipated when other VO facilities mature sufficiently. In general, VOEvent will provide an excellent motivator for a number of other VO technologies. Rob Seaman NOAO --Apple-Mail-3--85208119 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1
On Jun 3, 2005, at = 6:00 AM, Bernard Vatant wrote:

Just an addition after eventually finding out the = VOEvent schema ...

The document has evolved a = bit in response to comments from Kyoto.=A0 I've appended v0.92.=A0 Rick = Hessman has a draft schema that is now somewhat out of = date:


... good to see everything I = wrote below is mostly useless, since it's all in that
document, basically. Sorry for the = noise.

Actually, I found your message = very useful.=A0 Roy's questions were directed at the hardest issues we = met at the workshop.=A0 We (somewhat miraculously) reached a consensus = on how to simplify the issues for the short term, but they haven't gone = away.=A0 In short, we're fast approaching v1.0 of VOEvent, but v2.0 is = anticipated when other VO facilities mature sufficiently.=A0 In general, = VOEvent will provide an excellent motivator for a number of other VO = technologies.

Rob = Seaman
NOAO
= --Apple-Mail-3--85208119-- From owner-semantics@eso.org Fri Jun 3 17:37:18 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j53FZ6cT004007 for ; Fri, 3 Jun 2005 17:35:06 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j53FZ6Uh004000 for semantics-outgoing; Fri, 3 Jun 2005 17:35:06 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from apollo.hq.eso.org (apollo.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.42]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j53FYncT003822 for ; Fri, 3 Jun 2005 17:34:50 +0200 (MEST) Received: from fed1rmmtao01.cox.net (fed1rmmtao01.cox.net [68.230.241.38]) by apollo.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j53FYi73024409 for ; Fri, 3 Jun 2005 17:34:45 +0200 (CEST) Received: from [10.0.1.39] (really [68.231.133.145]) by fed1rmmtao01.cox.net (InterMail vM.6.01.04.00 201-2131-118-20041027) with ESMTP id <20050603153428.MWJB7629.fed1rmmtao01.cox.net@[10.0.1.39]>; Fri, 3 Jun 2005 11:34:28 -0400 In-Reply-To: <5CEEBE0E-6B78-4EF2-8229-B33188D32FC8@noao.edu> References: <5CEEBE0E-6B78-4EF2-8229-B33188D32FC8@noao.edu> Mime-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v730) X-Priority: 3 (Normal) Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary=Apple-Mail-5--80768554 Message-Id: Cc: Rob Seaman From: Rob Seaman Subject: Re: some semantic puzzles from VOEvent Date: Fri, 3 Jun 2005 08:34:28 -0700 To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.730) X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.3.14 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: --Apple-Mail-5--80768554 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; delsp=yes; format=flowed > The document has evolved a bit in response to comments from Kyoto. =20= > I've appended v0.92. Woops! Forgot something. The document is appended. Rob --- =EF=BF=BC= --Apple-Mail-5--80768554 Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=Apple-Mail-6--80768553 --Apple-Mail-6--80768553 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1
The document has evolved a bit in response to comments = from Kyoto.=A0 I've appended = v0.92.=A0

Woops!=A0 Forgot = something.=A0 The document is appended.

Rob
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--Apple-Mail-6--80768553-- --Apple-Mail-5--80768554-- From owner-semantics@eso.org Fri Jun 3 18:35:37 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j53GZPcT015670 for ; Fri, 3 Jun 2005 18:35:25 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j53GZPwb015669 for semantics-outgoing; Fri, 3 Jun 2005 18:35:25 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from rocky.hq.eso.org (rocky.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.43]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j53GZGcT015651 for ; Fri, 3 Jun 2005 18:35:16 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mail07b.vwh1.net (mail07b.vwh1.net [131.103.218.112]) by rocky.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with SMTP id j53GZDXW022381 for ; Fri, 3 Jun 2005 18:35:14 +0200 (CEST) Received: from www.mondeca.com (207.158.249.10) by mail07b.vwh1.net (RS ver 1.0.95vs) with SMTP id 4-1847256504 for ; Fri, 3 Jun 2005 12:35:07 -0400 (EDT) From: "Bernard Vatant" To: Subject: RE: some semantic puzzles from VOEvent Date: Fri, 3 Jun 2005 18:35:02 +0200 Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_003A_01C5686A.F4824F90" X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0) X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2180 In-Reply-To: Importance: Normal X-Loop-Detect: 1 X-DistLoop-Detect: 1 X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.3.16 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_003A_01C5686A.F4824F90 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Thanks Rob ... both for the document ... and appreciation of usefulness of my prose = - at least one guy read it :)) Roy's questions were directed at the hardest issues we met at the = workshop. I guess so. I'm convinced that "what are our data about?" is indeed the = hardest nut to crack today - everywhere. Not only in Astronomy, although = it's the domain where the issue is the more likely to be understood, = because it's a very old one here - as old as Astronomy itself. In other = domains, it's worse, because people are often not even aware that there = is an issue ... even so-called scientists (sigh). Things are improving, = though. Many people in and around the Semantic Web technologies are = fully aware that this question is really critical. Browsing my blog below, you'll find a couple of interesting papers about = it. So my interest here (besides my life-long regret not to be the full-time = astronomer I dreamt to be when I was a child ...) is to find out how = efforts in various science domains can converge towards the definition = of some efficient nut-crackers. That could be really useful here and = everywhere, in this Galaxy and beyond. Best Regards *************************************************************************= ********* Bernard Vatant Senior Consultant Knowledge Engineering bernard.vatant@mondeca.com "Making Sense of Content" : http://www.mondeca.com "Everything is a Subject" : http://universimmedia.blogspot.com *************************************************************************= *********=20 -----Message d'origine----- De : owner-semantics@eso.org [mailto:owner-semantics@eso.org]De la = part de Rob Seaman Envoy=C3=A9 : vendredi 3 juin 2005 17:34 =C3=80 : semantics@ivoa.net Cc : Rob Seaman Objet : Re: some semantic puzzles from VOEvent The document has evolved a bit in response to comments from Kyoto.? = I've appended v0.92.? Woops!? Forgot something.? The document is appended. Rob --- ------=_NextPart_000_003A_01C5686A.F4824F90 Content-Type: text/html; charset="utf-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable =EF=BB=BF
Thanks=20 Rob
 
...=20 both for the document ... and appreciation of usefulness of my = prose - at=20 least one guy read it :))
 
Roy's questions were directed at = the hardest=20 issues we met at the workshop.
 
I=20 guess so. I'm convinced that "what are our data about?" is = indeed the=20 hardest nut to crack today - everywhere. Not only in Astronomy, although = it's=20 the domain where the issue is the more likely to be understood, because = it's a=20 very old one here - as old as Astronomy itself. In other domains, = it's=20 worse, because people are often not even aware that there is an issue = ... even=20 so-called scientists (sigh). Things are improving, though. Many = people in=20 and around the Semantic Web technologies are fully aware that this = question is=20 really critical.
Browsing my blog below, you'll find a couple of interesting = papers about=20 it.
 
So my interest here (besides my life-long regret not to be = the=20 full-time astronomer I dreamt to be when I was a child ...) is to = find out=20 how efforts in various science domains can converge towards the = definition=20 of some efficient nut-crackers. That could be really useful here = and=20 everywhere, in this Galaxy and beyond.
 
Best=20 Regards

****************************************************************= ******************

Bernard=20 Vatant
Senior Consultant
Knowledge=20 Engineering
bernard.vatant@mondeca.com

"Making Sense of = Content"=20 :  http://www.mondeca.com
"Everything is a Subject" = :  http://universimmedia.blogspot.com

***********= ***********************************************************************=20

-----Message d'origine-----
De : = owner-semantics@eso.org=20 [mailto:owner-semantics@eso.org]De la part de Rob=20 Seaman
Envoy=C3=A9 : vendredi 3 juin 2005 = 17:34
=C3=80 :=20 semantics@ivoa.net
Cc : Rob = Seaman
Objet : Re:=20 some semantic puzzles from VOEvent

The document has = evolved a=20 bit in response to comments from Kyoto.? I've appended=20 v0.92.?

Woops!? Forgot something.? The document is appended.

Rob
---

------=_NextPart_000_003A_01C5686A.F4824F90-- From owner-semantics@eso.org Fri Jun 3 20:05:48 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j53I5WcT028127 for ; Fri, 3 Jun 2005 20:05:32 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j53I5Wpr028125 for semantics-outgoing; Fri, 3 Jun 2005 20:05:32 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from apollo.hq.eso.org (apollo.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.42]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j53I5QcT028118 for ; Fri, 3 Jun 2005 20:05:27 +0200 (MEST) Received: from earth.astro.umd.edu (earth.astro.umd.edu [129.2.14.2]) by apollo.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j53I5P73028987 for ; Fri, 3 Jun 2005 20:05:25 +0200 (CEST) Received: from [129.2.14.215] (lap5.astro.umd.edu [129.2.14.215]) (using TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by earth.astro.umd.edu (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2935910996 for ; Fri, 3 Jun 2005 14:05:19 -0400 (EDT) Message-ID: <42A09BDB.3040705@gsfc.nasa.gov> Date: Fri, 03 Jun 2005 14:05:15 -0400 From: Ed Shaya User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.7.6) Gecko/20050319 X-Accept-Language: en-us, en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: semantics@ivoa.net Subject: some remarks on VOEvent References: In-Reply-To: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.3.18 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: In thinking about how to mesh VOEvent with the science ontology, it appears that VOEvent is a kind of Publication. Perhaps under Report. This is where IAU_Circular would also go. Publications would have hasDescription and that would have subProperty hasExplanation. The range of hasExplanation would include Explanation, Hypothesis, Theory, Postulate, Fact and Axiom where: VOEvent would take Hypothesis and Theory Hypothesis - One of several possible testable explanations Theory - Only known explanation that fits the observed data. Hypothesis and Theory could in turn have hasExplanation of: Postulate - statements of assumptions needed to continue the line of reasoning. Axiom - a truth commonly accepted and in no need of proof. Fact - Real world facts (New York is in the US) and Mathematically or logically proven statements. The VOEvent is different from ast:Event because an instance of an ast:Event is the event itself not claims about the event. However, times, locations and measurements of the event do belong in ast:Event. Once there is a theory of the event it can be subclassed to the specific type of event that it is (ast:supernova etc). Ed From owner-semantics@eso.org Fri Jun 3 20:38:55 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j53IchcT004494 for ; Fri, 3 Jun 2005 20:38:43 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j53IchAq004493 for semantics-outgoing; Fri, 3 Jun 2005 20:38:43 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from rocky.hq.eso.org (rocky.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.43]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j53IcccT004486 for ; Fri, 3 Jun 2005 20:38:39 +0200 (MEST) Received: from noao.edu (noao.edu [140.252.1.54]) by rocky.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j53IcZXW026176 for ; Fri, 3 Jun 2005 20:38:36 +0200 (CEST) X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.0.3 (2005-04-27) on noao.edu X-Spam-Level: X-Spam-Status: No, score=-5.8 required=4.5 tests=ALL_TRUSTED,AWL,BAYES_00 autolearn=ham version=3.0.3 X-TFF-CGPSA-Version: 1.4f1 X-TFF-CGPSA-Filter: Scanned Received: from [140.252.4.27] (account seaman HELO [140.252.4.27]) by noao.edu (CommuniGate Pro SMTP 4.3.4) with ESMTPSA id 18562171; Fri, 03 Jun 2005 11:38:23 -0700 In-Reply-To: References: Mime-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v730) X-Priority: 3 (Normal) Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; delsp=yes; format=flowed Message-Id: <667BA0B5-FCDC-45AA-818B-0BC435E4399A@noao.edu> Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit From: Rob Seaman Subject: Re: some semantic puzzles from VOEvent Date: Fri, 3 Jun 2005 11:38:05 -0700 To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.730) X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.3.19 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Bernard Vatant comments on Roy's VOEvent issues: > (1) [...] We would like a formal vocabulary so that, for example, > the computer can understand that "Supernova" and "SN" are the same > thing. However, my simple attempts to do this as a new branch of > the UCD tree blew up into a storm of controversy. How can we make > progress here? >> everybody knows (or thinks so) or at least implicitly agrees upon >> what Jupiter *is* and looks like, what a planet *is*, and so on. >> There is a unique (implicit) interpretation in the common >> (implicit) ontology. "Jupiter" is a proper name for a specific entity. That identification is simply a definition under the control of the appropriate IAU committee or some other international body. There is intrinsic ambiguity, however, with the definition of classes of objects - with nouns that don't correspond to proper names. What is a planet? What is a gas giant? For many purposes the answers to these questions are obvious, something like: a gravitationally bound non-stellar entity orbiting a star. (Although it quickly becomes obvious that all definitions depend on other definitions.) For other purposes, such as the characterization of planetary atmospheres or magnetic fields, the precise transition from Jupiter to interplanetary space may be hazy indeed. As far as the storm of UCD controversy - isn't that where the fun is? My characterization of Rick Hessman is that he will pursue his factory whether or not it is associated with UCDs or other VO standards. The only controversy is to avoid splitting the development tree :-) > (2) [...] One report says the Event is a Supernova, another says it > is a SupernovaType1a, another says it is a SN and another says > "bright source associated with a galaxy". Are these four in agreement? >> Observer X has taken an image later interpreted as being a SN 1c >> in NGC 4038. Other, looking to the same sky >> coordinates, have obtained other data that they interpret as being >> images of the "same" object in the "same" galaxy (whatever this >> "sameness" actually means ...). I presume synonyms such as "Supernova" and "SN" will be trivial to handle. Less trivial might the the example at the bottom of section 3.7 of the VOEvent specification. The object or process that has a proper name of "Tycho's Stella Nova" is classified as "SN 1a". An assertion is made that this is associated with the object/process called "3C 10" which is classified as a "supernova remnant". Astronomy abounds with famous objects for which large numbers of reliable identifications and classifications of various sorts are available. We are more interested in how to classify the question marks - in precisely the terra incognito of the emerging ontological maps. A description of the science that was current last year is not going to prove exceptionally helpful. A successful ontology will be one that includes an easy process for growth and hypothesis. > (3) [...] If I have a lot of VOEvent packets that refer to the same > astrophysical event, can I extract a SED or light-curve (or time- > dependent SED) by federating all the separate observations? >> As long as you put together data from different sources, the >> agreement about those data being about the same thing supposes an >> (there again, most of the time implicit) agreement on a world >> model where this object is supposed to "exist". I think the issue here is broader than VOEvent. VOEvent is a mechanism for alerting systems and personnel to transient events. A VOEvent might well trigger a VO query that would result in the generation of a light-curve or SED. These secondary data products or inferences might then generate a followup VOEvent aimed at producing further observations to confirm or extend some resulting hypothesis. Rob Seaman NOAO From owner-semantics@eso.org Sat Jun 4 01:58:06 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j53Nvsae015711 for ; Sat, 4 Jun 2005 01:57:54 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j53Nvs5G015710 for semantics-outgoing; Sat, 4 Jun 2005 01:57:54 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from rocky.hq.eso.org (rocky.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.43]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j53Nvnae015706 for ; Sat, 4 Jun 2005 01:57:50 +0200 (MEST) Received: from noao.edu (noao.edu [140.252.1.54]) by rocky.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j53NvlXW004863 for ; Sat, 4 Jun 2005 01:57:48 +0200 (CEST) X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.0.3 (2005-04-27) on noao.edu X-Spam-Level: X-Spam-Status: No, score=-5.8 required=4.5 tests=ALL_TRUSTED,AWL,BAYES_00 autolearn=ham version=3.0.3 X-TFF-CGPSA-Version: 1.4f1 X-TFF-CGPSA-Filter: Scanned Received: from [140.252.4.27] (account seaman HELO [140.252.4.27]) by noao.edu (CommuniGate Pro SMTP 4.3.4) with ESMTPSA id 18566988; Fri, 03 Jun 2005 16:57:35 -0700 In-Reply-To: <42A09BDB.3040705@gsfc.nasa.gov> References: <42A09BDB.3040705@gsfc.nasa.gov> Mime-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v730) Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; delsp=yes; format=flowed Message-Id: <86A432C8-BB78-43D1-911C-4AD6745C1886@noao.edu> Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit From: Rob Seaman Subject: Re: some remarks on VOEvent Date: Fri, 3 Jun 2005 16:57:19 -0700 To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.730) X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.3.30 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: On Jun 3, 2005, at 11:05 AM, Ed Shaya wrote: > Hypothesis - One of several possible testable explanations > Theory - Only known explanation that fits the observed data. > Postulate - statements of assumptions needed to continue the line > of reasoning. > Axiom - a truth commonly accepted and in no need of proof. > Fact - Real world facts (New York is in the US) and Mathematically > or logically proven statements. I'm concerned at an apparent emphasis here toward a "science fair" model of the scientific method. Successful science is more often inductive, not deductive. The difference between a fact and a hypothesis is one of degree, not absolute confirmation via theory. Theories are often only approximately correct - and approximation is often much more than good enough a foundation for drawing further inferences. Postulates are extremely frequent in astronomy - axioms extremely rare. > The VOEvent is different from ast:Event because an instance of an > ast:Event is the event itself not claims about the event. > However, times, locations and measurements of the event do belong > in ast:Event. Once there is a theory of the event it can be > subclassed to the specific type of event that it is (ast:supernova > etc). Which begs the question of the definition of "event". We may know one when we see one - Tycho's SN was apparently hard to miss - but even the distinction between an "object" and a "process" is fuzzy. A star can be viewed as a 10 billion year nuclear process. Is an event simply a process with a big amplitude of short fuse? Define "short". Define "big". I understand a VOEvent - I've had a hand in its definition. I fear the entire astronomical community will never understand an ast:Event well enough to make it useful. (Would be delighted to be proven wrong...) To put it another way, the most interesting events are like UFOs - theories are hard to come by. The benefit of ontologies and UCDs and other semantic "technology" is precisely to help us to winnow out the pie plates and weather balloons. It is the UFO sightings that are left after all the current theories are exhausted that we are interested in. The only reason to classify Snarks is to find Boojums. Rob Seaman NOAO From owner-semantics@eso.org Sat Jun 4 02:25:26 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j540PCae018645 for ; Sat, 4 Jun 2005 02:25:12 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j540PC2k018643 for semantics-outgoing; Sat, 4 Jun 2005 02:25:12 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from apollo.hq.eso.org (apollo.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.42]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j540P8ae018639 for ; Sat, 4 Jun 2005 02:25:08 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mail.cacr.caltech.edu (mail.cacr.caltech.edu [131.215.145.9]) by apollo.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j540P573009042 for ; Sat, 4 Jun 2005 02:25:06 +0200 (CEST) Received: from [192.168.1.101] (64-30-223-60.dsl.linkline.com [64.30.223.60]) (authenticated bits=0) by mail.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.3/8.12.3/Debian-6.6) with ESMTP id j540P3Qn022379 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=RC4-SHA bits=128 verify=NO); Fri, 3 Jun 2005 17:25:03 -0700 In-Reply-To: <86A432C8-BB78-43D1-911C-4AD6745C1886@noao.edu> References: <42A09BDB.3040705@gsfc.nasa.gov> <86A432C8-BB78-43D1-911C-4AD6745C1886@noao.edu> Mime-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v622) Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed Message-Id: <7869a5d531b8175c930abc5660453108@cacr.caltech.edu> Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Cc: Roy Williams From: Roy Williams Subject: Re: some remarks on VOEvent Date: Fri, 3 Jun 2005 17:24:39 -0700 To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.622) X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.3.33 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: On Jun 3, 2005, at 4:57 PM, Rob Seaman wrote: > On Jun 3, 2005, at 11:05 AM, Ed Shaya wrote: > >> Hypothesis - One of several possible testable explanations >> Theory - Only known explanation that fits the observed data. >> Postulate - statements of assumptions needed to continue the line of >> reasoning. >> Axiom - a truth commonly accepted and in no need of proof. >> Fact - Real world facts (New York is in the US) and Mathematically >> or logically proven statements. > > I'm concerned at an apparent emphasis here toward a "science fair" > model of the scientific method. Successful science is more often > inductive, not deductive. The difference between a fact and a > hypothesis is one of degree, not absolute confirmation via theory. > Theories are often only approximately correct - and approximation is > often much more than good enough a foundation for drawing further > inferences. We model this in VOEvent by allowing the publisher of the event to separate information into different areas. It is the responsibility of the publisher to put statements in these areas. Who (is the publisher et al), What (are the parameter values), WhereWhen (the space-time coordinates), How (the observation is made), and Why (opinions of publisher: Interpretation, Hypothesis, Classification, Importance, etc etc). > >> The VOEvent is different from ast:Event because an instance of an >> ast:Event is the event itself not claims about the event. However, >> times, locations and measurements of the event do belong in >> ast:Event. Once there is a theory of the event it can be subclassed >> to the specific type of event that it is (ast:supernova etc). > > Which begs the question of the definition of "event". We may know one > when we see one - Tycho's SN was apparently hard to miss - but even > the distinction between an "object" and a "process" is fuzzy. A star > can be viewed as a 10 billion year nuclear process. Is an event > simply a process with a big amplitude of short fuse? Define "short". > Define "big". More properly we should *not* say VOEvent represents an astrophysical event, but rather it represents an *observation* of an event. Each observation is assigned an ID. Suppose we assume that when a VOEvent cites another, then it is concerning the same event. Therefore we can group all the observations that are linked through a chain of citation, and try to associate the group with an astrophysical source. Note that this group may include null observations -- "we measured flux from five galaxies in the error circle, and one was anomalous". Thus our technology needs to find these clusters of VOEvents even when they are published to different registries. It is the same as the distributed cross-match problem, but using event IDs in place of sky position. > > I understand a VOEvent - I've had a hand in its definition. I fear > the entire astronomical community will never understand an ast:Event > well enough to make it useful. (Would be delighted to be proven > wrong...) > > To put it another way, the most interesting events are like UFOs - > theories are hard to come by. The benefit of ontologies and UCDs and > other semantic "technology" is precisely to help us to winnow out the > pie plates and weather balloons. It is the UFO sightings that are > left after all the current theories are exhausted that we are > interested in. > > The only reason to classify Snarks is to find Boojums. From owner-semantics@eso.org Sat Jun 4 08:02:20 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j54628ae023858 for ; Sat, 4 Jun 2005 08:02:08 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j54628pB023857 for semantics-outgoing; Sat, 4 Jun 2005 08:02:08 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from rocky.hq.eso.org (rocky.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.43]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j54624ae023851 for ; Sat, 4 Jun 2005 08:02:04 +0200 (MEST) Received: from fed1rmmtao11.cox.net (fed1rmmtao11.cox.net [68.230.241.28]) by rocky.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j54621XW012048 for ; Sat, 4 Jun 2005 08:02:02 +0200 (CEST) Received: from [10.0.1.47] (really [68.231.133.145]) by fed1rmmtao11.cox.net (InterMail vM.6.01.04.00 201-2131-118-20041027) with ESMTP id <20050604060151.MVQP12158.fed1rmmtao11.cox.net@[10.0.1.47]>; Sat, 4 Jun 2005 02:01:51 -0400 In-Reply-To: <7869a5d531b8175c930abc5660453108@cacr.caltech.edu> References: <42A09BDB.3040705@gsfc.nasa.gov> <86A432C8-BB78-43D1-911C-4AD6745C1886@noao.edu> <7869a5d531b8175c930abc5660453108@cacr.caltech.edu> Mime-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v730) Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; delsp=yes; format=flowed Message-Id: <1C9E64AF-8538-4D85-85F6-0C963AB86206@noao.edu> Cc: Rob Seaman Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit From: Rob Seaman Subject: Re: some remarks on VOEvent Date: Fri, 3 Jun 2005 23:01:52 -0700 To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.730) X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.3.44 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Roy says: > More properly we should *not* say VOEvent represents an > astrophysical event, but rather it represents an *observation* of > an event. And "observation" is the default role to distinguish actual VOEvent packets from tests and predictions. It's the word "event" that is shaky. An astronomical event can extend vast distances and persist over immense periods of time. The observations that we're tracing together as followup VOEvents may well involve detections of distinct physical effects arising from disjoint regions of space-time. We can trust that causality ultimately ties it all together - but causality is inferred, not observed. One could argue that the semantic structure of a VOEvent is on a more stable footing than the astronomical ontology we would hope to lean it upon. My point? My point is that a single static astronomical ontology is a vain hope - rather, we need a flexible mechanism for building and extending a rich network of context dependent ontologies as time and tide require. That's actually a good example that may illuminate these issues. It would be straightforward to describe a specific ocean tide measurement in a VOEvent packet. These are certainly observations of astronomical events, after all. Conjectures on tidal expressions in astronomical ontologies? Will these support generalized central force representations? And will they be expressed as spatial derivatives of Kepler's or Newton's laws? Or, rather, directly as an inverse cube? Rob From owner-semantics@eso.org Sat Jun 4 09:30:23 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j547U5ae002622 for ; Sat, 4 Jun 2005 09:30:05 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j547U52B002621 for semantics-outgoing; Sat, 4 Jun 2005 09:30:05 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from apollo.hq.eso.org (apollo.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.42]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j547U1ae002609 for ; Sat, 4 Jun 2005 09:30:01 +0200 (MEST) Received: from phobos.caltech.edu (phobos.caltech.edu [131.215.102.1]) by apollo.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j547Tw73017802 for ; Sat, 4 Jun 2005 09:29:59 +0200 (CEST) Received: from avyakta.caltech.edu (IDENT:U2FsdGVkX1+cKZLMcK6JRMGYe4L5Jf74wlB5R7cIbi0@avyakta [131.215.102.12]) by phobos.caltech.edu (8.12.10/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j547Tq4I020802; Sat, 4 Jun 2005 00:29:52 -0700 (PDT) Received: from localhost (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by avyakta.caltech.edu (8.12.11/8.12.8) with ESMTP id j547TnRP003987; Sat, 4 Jun 2005 00:29:49 -0700 Date: Sat, 4 Jun 2005 00:29:49 -0700 (PDT) From: Ashish Mahabal X-X-Sender: aam@avyakta.caltech.edu To: semantics@ivoa.net cc: Rob Seaman Subject: Re: some remarks on VOEvent In-Reply-To: <1C9E64AF-8538-4D85-85F6-0C963AB86206@noao.edu> Message-ID: References: <42A09BDB.3040705@gsfc.nasa.gov> <86A432C8-BB78-43D1-911C-4AD6745C1886@noao.edu> <7869a5d531b8175c930abc5660453108@cacr.caltech.edu> <1C9E64AF-8538-4D85-85F6-0C963AB86206@noao.edu> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.3.46 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: On Fri, 3 Jun 2005, Rob Seaman wrote: ...... > That's actually a good example that may illuminate these issues. It > would be straightforward to describe a specific ocean tide > measurement in a VOEvent packet. These are certainly observations of > astronomical events, after all. Conjectures on tidal expressions in > astronomical ontologies? Will these support generalized central > force representations? And will they be expressed as spatial > derivatives of Kepler's or Newton's laws? Or, rather, directly as an > inverse cube? Or a comet breaking up. Once it is seen to break up, does each part form a separate VOEvent? Or is it a single VOEvent extending over larger and larger distance. What when some of the pieces have banged into a planet and others have not? This question has been asked before: Should we try to describe everything for everyone? Or should we choose "sensible" (clearly a politically incorrect term in this context, what I mean is events that 3-sigma astronomers care about) events and build more stable structures around those? -ashish Ashish Mahabal, Caltech Astronomy, Pasadena, CA 91125 http://www.astro.caltech.edu/~aam aam at astro.caltech.edu My computer isn't that nervous...it's just a bit ANSI. From owner-semantics@eso.org Sat Jun 4 16:15:59 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j54EFgae014562 for ; Sat, 4 Jun 2005 16:15:42 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j54EFgHt014561 for semantics-outgoing; Sat, 4 Jun 2005 16:15:42 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from rocky.hq.eso.org (rocky.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.43]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j54EFcae014556 for ; Sat, 4 Jun 2005 16:15:38 +0200 (MEST) Received: from earth.astro.umd.edu ([129.2.14.2]) by rocky.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j54EFaXW021034 for ; Sat, 4 Jun 2005 16:15:36 +0200 (CEST) Received: from [192.168.0.100] (pool-70-110-29-230.washdc.fios.verizon.net [70.110.29.230]) (using TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by earth.astro.umd.edu (Postfix) with ESMTP id F0346109B5; Sat, 4 Jun 2005 10:13:51 -0400 (EDT) Message-ID: <42A1B71E.1030104@gsfc.nasa.gov> Date: Sat, 04 Jun 2005 10:13:50 -0400 From: Ed Shaya User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.7.6) Gecko/20050319 X-Accept-Language: en-us, en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: semantics@ivoa.net Cc: Rob Seaman Subject: Re: some remarks on VOEvent References: <42A09BDB.3040705@gsfc.nasa.gov> <86A432C8-BB78-43D1-911C-4AD6745C1886@noao.edu> <7869a5d531b8175c930abc5660453108@cacr.caltech.edu> <1C9E64AF-8538-4D85-85F6-0C963AB86206@noao.edu> In-Reply-To: <1C9E64AF-8538-4D85-85F6-0C963AB86206@noao.edu> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.4.12 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Rob Seaman wrote: > Roy says: > >> More properly we should *not* say VOEvent represents an >> astrophysical event, but rather it represents an *observation* of an >> event. > > > And "observation" is the default role to distinguish actual VOEvent > packets from tests and predictions. It's the word "event" that is > shaky. An astronomical event can extend vast distances and persist > over immense periods of time. The observations that we're tracing > together as followup VOEvents may well involve detections of distinct > physical effects arising from disjoint regions of space-time. We can > trust that causality ultimately ties it all together - but causality > is inferred, not observed. > I'm afraid I don't get what you are flaming about here. Why is it possible to define a VOEvent but not an event? I thought the VOEvent is the VO publication of an observation of an ast:event. So an ast:event is anything you would create a VOEvent about. VOEvent is similar to an IAU-Circular which is the rapidly published information about an ongoing rapidly developing event (or process if you want). The circular is not the event, one needs to ontologicaly separate the two. Because VOEvent is a publication it automatically inherits properties of a Publication such as DateOfPublication and Author (which may not be the same as the Observer). These things would not normally be in the properties of an ast:event. > One could argue that the semantic structure of a VOEvent is on a more > stable footing than the astronomical ontology we would hope to lean > it upon. My point? My point is that a single static astronomical > ontology is a vain hope - rather, we need a flexible mechanism for > building and extending a rich network of context dependent ontologies > as time and tide require. > Ontology allows one to use natural language to make statements and query. The whole idea is to bring the flexibility of human language to machines (but perhaps to make it a bit clearer). If you think this is a vain hope then why are you on this list? > That's actually a good example that may illuminate these issues. It > would be straightforward to describe a specific ocean tide > measurement in a VOEvent packet. These are certainly observations of > astronomical events, after all. Conjectures on tidal expressions in > astronomical ontologies? Will these support generalized central > force representations? And will they be expressed as spatial > derivatives of Kepler's or Newton's laws? Or, rather, directly as an > inverse cube? > Ah. So what you want is inflexibility. You want to ensure that VOEvents do not have explanations of explanations or any other deep discussion of the event. Indeed, OWL is not good for cutting off discussion. It is always possible to make statements about statements and to extend classes on the fly. XML Schema is much better for defining specific hard to alter structure. So that is fine. If the VO wants hardwired structures it should study the issue with Ontologies (because only in ontologies can you see the big picture with relationships between all of the components of the langauge) and then use that as a starting point for creating limiting UML or Schema. However, if one day there were a tide that went around the earth that was two time larger than any previously recorded tide, I for one would like to see hypothesis and the detailed explanation of these with discussions of spatial derivatives and wave equations as soon as possible. VOEvent might be a mechanism to spread this as rapidly as possible. You might argue that there are no applications that could do anything with such details, but we are working on that too. Ed > Rob From owner-semantics@eso.org Sat Jun 4 18:38:20 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j54Gahae029614 for ; Sat, 4 Jun 2005 18:36:44 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j54GahgI029613 for semantics-outgoing; Sat, 4 Jun 2005 18:36:43 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from apollo.hq.eso.org (apollo.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.42]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j54Gadae029609 for ; Sat, 4 Jun 2005 18:36:40 +0200 (MEST) Received: from fed1rmmtao02.cox.net (fed1rmmtao02.cox.net [68.230.241.37]) by apollo.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j54Gab73029340 for ; Sat, 4 Jun 2005 18:36:37 +0200 (CEST) Received: from [10.0.1.50] (really [68.231.133.145]) by fed1rmmtao02.cox.net (InterMail vM.6.01.04.00 201-2131-118-20041027) with ESMTP id <20050604163627.XBXE22430.fed1rmmtao02.cox.net@[10.0.1.50]>; Sat, 4 Jun 2005 12:36:27 -0400 Mime-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v730) References: <10697DC8-8046-4624-A707-BC1F78C0AA25@noao.edu> Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary=Apple-Mail-11-9351198 Message-Id: <31450CF0-A745-4DD0-B1C9-CCC65B2F2ADD@noao.edu> Cc: Rob Seaman From: Rob Seaman Subject: Fwd: some remarks on VOEvent Date: Sat, 4 Jun 2005 09:36:28 -0700 To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.730) X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.4.16 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: --Apple-Mail-11-9351198 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; delsp=yes; format=flowed On Jun 4, 2005, at 7:13 AM, Ed Shaya wrote: > I'm afraid I don't get what you are flaming about here. Why is > it possible to define a VOEvent but not an event? My apologies if I seemed to be flaming. I thought we were just having a conversation - expressing diverse views. A VOEvent - as Roy helpfully pointed out - is the report of an observation. Hundreds of years of scientific developments have provided very fine grained utilitarian definitions of "observation" and "measurement" and other experimental concepts - and of specific flavor reports of same. "Event" is a nice flexible English word - but more on the theoretical side than the experimental. In its colloquial sense, the word "event" is likely broader in its connotations in astronomy than in any other discipline. I thought the point of ontology was precisely to capture colloquial meanings in a bottle. I suspect "event" is one such word that will be hard to so capture. My worry - a worry that I've heard others express without deeming them to be flaming - is that "ontology" is a synonym for "non- pragmatic". > Ontology allows one to use natural language to make statements and > query. The whole idea is to bring the flexibility of human > language to machines (but perhaps to make it a bit clearer). If > you think this is a vain hope then why are you on this list? I don't think it is a vain hope to build targeted ontologies - note the plural. I'm on the list because all of a sudden there are four or more lists for discussing VO semantics and we keep being shuffled off to the next list over. VOEvent presents an interesting opportunity for the VO to wrestle with real world semantic requirements. Should this particular list be renamed "ontology@ivoa.net"? Can semantics be profitably pursued as an activity separate from other VO work? > Ah. So what you want is inflexibility. You want to ensure that > VOEvents do not have explanations of explanations or any other deep > discussion of the event. Not what I want at all. Although I might suggest that "deep discussion" is an emergent property from a long sequence of richly braided followup packets. To optimize its utility, a single VOEvent will typically express a single coherent observation or hypothesis. VOEvent is a specific VO facility with a clear mission - to report alerts to the community via software agents. In many instances, VOEvents will be used to trigger more in depth analysis via other VO facilities. An "alert" and a "deep discussion" are indeed quite different modes of communication. > If the VO wants hardwired structures it should study the issue with > Ontologies (because only in ontologies can you see the big picture > with relationships between all of the components of the langauge) > and then use that as a starting point for creating limiting UML or > Schema. "Limiting UML"? :-) If an ontology is something so open-ended that UML is seen to be limited by comparison, then perhaps Merriam-Webster is right to call ontology a branch of metaphysics. I was just standing up for ontologies the other day on one of the gazillions of UCD lists. There is little point to UCDs without an underlying ontological formalism. But by the same token, there is little point to ontologies if they aren't seen to be pragmatically wrestling with real world issues - at least on occasion. VOEvent is an opportunity for elucidating real world requirements and building real world VO systems. Phenomenologically yours, Rob --Apple-Mail-11-9351198 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1
On Jun 4, 2005, at = 7:13 AM, Ed Shaya = wrote:

=A0=A0I'm afraid I don't get what you are flaming about = here.=A0 = Why is it possible to = define a VOEvent but not an = event?

My apologies if I seemed to be flaming.=A0 I = thought we were just having a conversation - expressing diverse = views.

<= FONT class=3D"Apple-style-span" color=3D"#000000">A VOEvent - as Roy helpfully pointed out - is = the report of an observation.=A0 Hundreds of years of scientific = developments have provided very fine grained utilitarian definitions of = "observation" and "measurement" and other experimental concepts - and of = specific flavor reports of same.=A0 "Event" is a nice flexible English = word - but more on the theoretical side than the = experimental.=A0=A0In its colloquial sense, the word "event" is = likely broader in its connotations in astronomy than in any other = discipline.=A0 I thought the point of ontology was precisely to capture = colloquial meanings in a bottle. =A0I suspect "event" is one such word = that will be hard to so capture. = =A0My worry - a worry = that I've heard others express without deeming them to be flaming - is = that "ontology" is a synonym for = "non-pragmatic".

Ontology allows one to use = natural language to make statements and = query.=A0 = The whole idea is to bring = the flexibility of human language to machines (but perhaps to make it a = bit clearer).=A0 = If you think this is a vain = hope then why are you on this = list?

I don't think it is a vain hope to build = targeted ontologies - note the plural.=A0 I'm on the list because all of = a sudden there are four or more lists for discussing VO semantics and we = keep being shuffled off to the next list over.=A0 VOEvent presents an = interesting opportunity for the VO to wrestle with real world semantic = requirements.=A0 Should this particular list be renamed = "ontology@ivoa.net"?=A0 Can semantics be profitably pursued as = an activity separate from other VO = work?

Ah.=A0 = So what you want is = inflexibility.=A0=A0You want to ensure that VOEvents do not have = explanations of explanations or any other deep discussion of the = event.

Not what I want at all.=A0 Although I might = suggest that "deep discussion" is an emergent property from a long = sequence of richly braided followup packets.=A0 To optimize its utility, = a single VOEvent will typically express a single coherent observation or = hypothesis.=A0 VOEvent is a specific VO facility with a clear mission - = to report alerts to the community via software agents.=A0 In many = instances, VOEvents will be used to trigger more in depth analysis via = other VO facilities.=A0 An "alert" and a "deep discussion" are indeed = quite different modes of = communication.

= If the VO wants hardwired = structures it should study the issue with Ontologies (because only in = ontologies can you see the big picture with relationships between all of = the components of the langauge)=A0 = and then use that as a = starting point for creating limiting UML or = Schema.

"Limiting UML"?=A0 = :-)=A0 If an ontology is something so open-ended that UML is seen to be = limited by comparison, then perhaps Merriam-Webster is right to call = ontology a branch of metaphysics.=A0 I was just standing up for = ontologies the other day on one of the gazillions of UCD lists.=A0 There = is little point to UCDs without an underlying ontological formalism.=A0 = But by the same token, there is little point to ontologies if they = aren't seen to be pragmatically wrestling with real world issues - at = least on occasion.=A0 VOEvent is an opportunity for elucidating real = world requirements and building real world VO = systems.

Phenomenologically = yours,

Rob


= --Apple-Mail-11-9351198-- From owner-semantics@eso.org Sat Jun 4 19:22:46 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j54HMPae004337 for ; Sat, 4 Jun 2005 19:22:26 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j54HMPl8004336 for semantics-outgoing; Sat, 4 Jun 2005 19:22:25 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from apollo.hq.eso.org (apollo.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.42]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j54HMLae004330 for ; Sat, 4 Jun 2005 19:22:22 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mail.cacr.caltech.edu (mail.cacr.caltech.edu [131.215.145.9]) by apollo.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j54HMJ73000238 for ; Sat, 4 Jun 2005 19:22:20 +0200 (CEST) Received: from [192.168.1.101] (64-30-223-60.dsl.linkline.com [64.30.223.60]) (authenticated bits=0) by mail.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.3/8.12.3/Debian-6.6) with ESMTP id j54HMGQn020910 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=RC4-SHA bits=128 verify=NO); Sat, 4 Jun 2005 10:22:17 -0700 In-Reply-To: References: <42A09BDB.3040705@gsfc.nasa.gov> <86A432C8-BB78-43D1-911C-4AD6745C1886@noao.edu> <7869a5d531b8175c930abc5660453108@cacr.caltech.edu> <1C9E64AF-8538-4D85-85F6-0C963AB86206@noao.edu> Mime-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v622) Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed Message-Id: Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Cc: Roy Williams , Rob Seaman From: Roy Williams Subject: Re: some remarks on VOEvent Date: Sat, 4 Jun 2005 10:22:10 -0700 To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.622) X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.4.19 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: > On Fri, 3 Jun 2005, Rob Seaman wrote: >> That's actually a good example that may illuminate these issues. It >> would be straightforward to describe a specific ocean tide >> measurement in a VOEvent packet. These are certainly observations of >> astronomical events, after all. Conjectures on tidal expressions in >> astronomical ontologies? Will these support generalized central >> force representations? And will they be expressed as spatial >> derivatives of Kepler's or Newton's laws? Or, rather, directly as an >> inverse cube? > On Jun 4, 2005, at 12:29 AM, Ashish Mahabal wrote: > Or a comet breaking up. Once it is seen to break up, does each part > form a > separate VOEvent? Or is it a single VOEvent extending over larger and > larger distance. What when some of the pieces have banged into a planet > and others have not? The key is to let the event publisher make the difficult decisions. If the publisher submits new VOEvent packets for each piece of comet with no citation, then they are separate. If the publisher chooses to cites a unique previous VOEvent that refers to the whole comet, then they are linked by citation chain, and we consider the whole "intra-cited" group to be one astrophysical event. > > This question has been asked before: > Should we try to describe everything for everyone? NO NO and NO. But we should give people "on the scene" the opportunity and space to use their scientific judgement to make descriptions as they see fit. From owner-semantics@eso.org Sat Jun 4 22:16:31 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j54KGHae027929 for ; Sat, 4 Jun 2005 22:16:17 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j54KGHbk027928 for semantics-outgoing; Sat, 4 Jun 2005 22:16:17 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from apollo.hq.eso.org (apollo.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.42]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j54KGDae027924 for ; Sat, 4 Jun 2005 22:16:13 +0200 (MEST) Received: from athena.le.ac.uk (mailsend.le.ac.uk [143.210.16.127]) by apollo.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j54KGB73002918 for ; Sat, 4 Jun 2005 22:16:12 +0200 (CEST) Message-Id: <200506042016.j54KGB73002918@apollo.hq.eso.org> Received: from [143.210.36.14] (helo=marindi) by athena.le.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 4.44) id 1Def3u-0004dY-5o for semantics@ivoa.net; Sat, 04 Jun 2005 21:16:06 +0100 From: "Tony Linde" To: Subject: boundaries Date: Sat, 4 Jun 2005 21:16:05 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Microsoft Office Outlook, Build 11.0.6353 Thread-Index: AcVpQjxblhcEI1WrROqwQo2cYh7cKQ== X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2527 X-UoL-Id: 74a85199f596105a574eb5115bffe6cd@1Def3u-0004dY-5o@athena.le.ac.uk X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.4.25 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: The discussions here on VOEvent have been interesting but I feel we may be straying into the territory of the VOEvent workgroup. While it is certainly useful for the Semantics IG to discuss in generic terms what the scope of the AstroOntology ought to be and to use the VOEvent case as an example, I think it might be more appropriate, where a group of experts and interested parties does exist, to pass specific questions of term definition to that group for resolution. Semantics IG can then concentrate on conceptual issues such as how we define ontologies, how we make them useful and extensible and where they might be used in the VObs architecture. What do others think about the boundary between this group and the workgroups? And what is the best way to capture that boundary in the charter of the group? Cheers, Tony. -- Tony Linde Phone: +44 (0)116 223 1292 Mobile: +44 (0)7753 603356 Fax: +44 (0)116 252 3311 Email: Tony.Linde@leicester.ac.uk Skype: callto:tonylinde (home) callto:tonylinde2 (work) Post: Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Leicester Leicester, UK LE1 7RH Web: http://www.star.le.ac.uk/~ael Project Manager, EuroVO VOTech http://eurovotech.org Programme Manager, AstroGrid http://www.astrogrid.org Co-Director, Leicester e-Science Centre http://www.e-science.le.ac.uk/ From owner-semantics@eso.org Sun Jun 5 08:44:48 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j556iY5l011181 for ; Sun, 5 Jun 2005 08:44:34 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j556iYRE011178 for semantics-outgoing; Sun, 5 Jun 2005 08:44:34 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from rocky.hq.eso.org (rocky.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.43]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j556iU5l011100 for ; Sun, 5 Jun 2005 08:44:30 +0200 (MEST) Received: from fed1rmmtao01.cox.net (fed1rmmtao01.cox.net [68.230.241.38]) by rocky.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j556iRXW009093 for ; Sun, 5 Jun 2005 08:44:28 +0200 (CEST) Received: from [10.0.1.54] (really [68.231.133.145]) by fed1rmmtao01.cox.net (InterMail vM.6.01.04.00 201-2131-118-20041027) with ESMTP id <20050605064407.NLXG7629.fed1rmmtao01.cox.net@[10.0.1.54]>; Sun, 5 Jun 2005 02:44:07 -0400 In-Reply-To: <200506042016.j54KGB73002918@apollo.hq.eso.org> References: <200506042016.j54KGB73002918@apollo.hq.eso.org> Mime-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v730) Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary=Apple-Mail-12-60211544 Message-Id: <5C998C7C-C95C-4B0C-BAF8-ABB4CC082BFB@noao.edu> Cc: Rob Seaman From: Rob Seaman Subject: Re: boundaries Date: Sat, 4 Jun 2005 23:44:08 -0700 To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.730) X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.4.44 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: --Apple-Mail-12-60211544 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; delsp=yes; format=flowed > What do others think about the boundary between this group and the > workgroups? And what is the best way to capture that boundary in > the charter of the group? The semantics forum has existed since September 2002 (and I for one have been receiving it since the beginning). Prior to 4 days ago, there had been 91 messages in 31 months. 79 of those messages came in the first month and a half of the list's existence. Over the next two and a half years, there were a grand total of a dozen messages. There have been about three dozen messages in the last few days. Is it truly necessary, or desirable, to throttle back the first interesting discussion that comes along? Note that the mailing list has a threaded archive (http://www.ivoa.net/forum/semantics) for those who would prefer to skip entire topics. That said, the best way to muffle a discussion you don't want to have is to start an alternate discussion about something that interests you more. Rob Seaman NOAO --Apple-Mail-12-60211544 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1
What do others think about the = boundary between this group and the=A0workgroups? And what is the best = way to capture that boundary in the charter=A0of the = group?

The semantics forum has existed since = September 2002 (and I for one have been receiving it since the = beginning).=A0 Prior to 4 days ago, there had been 91 messages in 31 = months.=A0 79 of those messages came in the first month and a half of = the list's existence.=A0 Over the next two and a half years, there were = a grand total of a dozen messages.=A0 There have been about three dozen = messages in the last few days.=A0 Is it truly necessary, or desirable, = to throttle back the first interesting discussion that comes along?=A0 = Note that the mailing list has a threaded archive (http://www.ivoa.net/forum/sem= antics)=A0for those who = would prefer to skip entire topics.

That said, the best way to = muffle a discussion you don't want to have is to start an alternate = discussion about something that interests you more.

Rob = Seaman
NOAO
= --Apple-Mail-12-60211544-- From owner-semantics@eso.org Sun Jun 5 11:45:03 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j559hT5l028470 for ; Sun, 5 Jun 2005 11:43:29 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j559hTv2028469 for semantics-outgoing; Sun, 5 Jun 2005 11:43:29 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from rocky.hq.eso.org (rocky.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.43]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j559hP5l028462 for ; Sun, 5 Jun 2005 11:43:25 +0200 (MEST) Received: from artemis.le.ac.uk (mailsend.le.ac.uk [143.210.4.129]) by rocky.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j559hLXW011636 for ; Sun, 5 Jun 2005 11:43:22 +0200 (CEST) Message-Id: <200506050943.j559hLXW011636@rocky.hq.eso.org> Received: from [143.210.36.14] (helo=marindi) by artemis.le.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 4.44) id 1Derf0-0002Vo-PE for semantics@ivoa.net; Sun, 05 Jun 2005 10:43:16 +0100 From: "Tony Linde" To: Subject: RE: boundaries Date: Sun, 5 Jun 2005 10:43:13 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_000A_01C569BB.602119B0" X-Mailer: Microsoft Office Outlook, Build 11.0.6353 Thread-Index: AcVpm01wz7nsPGwcROyGo9G6bmzUNwAFBiFw X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2527 In-Reply-To: <5C998C7C-C95C-4B0C-BAF8-ABB4CC082BFB@noao.edu> X-UoL-Id: a486199b176bbc4d18873ea7d9da3aad@1Derf0-0002Vo-PE@artemis.le.ac.uk X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.5.3 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_000A_01C569BB.602119B0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Hi Rob, I was not trying to throttle the discussion but asking if this was the best place for it. As you say, this group has only recently revived. In that revival, there's been claims from other groups that 'semantics' really belongs to them: the ucd and dm groups have made that claim and registry and voql could also claim the space. I want to ensure that this group does continue because I believe it has a useful purpose in stimulating just such discussions and more besides and that there is a need for an interest group where conceptual discussions can reside. But we need to be able to recognise when it is time for a discussion to be handed off to an existing specialist workgroup. So, what I was asking for were guidelines that could go into the charter that recognise that boundaries do exist, that they will be fuzzy but that when it is obvious that they've been crossed, we hand over to existing workgroups or recommend that a new one be created. There may be several ways that the boundary might be crossed, eg: 1. the sem.ig gets onto discussing how a voevent and its structure might be accomodated within the overall AstroOntology; this discussion ends up discussing what a voevent is and how it is distinguished from non-voevents; we hand over to the voevent.wg for a resolution; when they've discussed and defined the distinction we incorporate it into the conceptual ontology. 2. the voevent group discusses how their data model might be represented; they create schemas and models and want to incorporate that into the AstroOntology; they hand over what they've done to this group; we add the voevent concepts to the overall ontology in a way that suits the way voevents might be used and discuss ways in which this ontology might be used by existing apps that handle voevents and by existing semantic apps that currently do not. I don't pretend that I fully (or even partially) understand the voevent discussions taking part here and if they are mainly conceptual rather than practical and are only about ontological distinctions then I'm happy for it to continue. But I'd like an assurance from Roy that this is the case and that the discussions are not better sited in his list (which is where I assume all the voevent experts are hanging out). Cheers, Tony. _____ From: owner-semantics@eso.org [mailto:owner-semantics@eso.org] On Behalf Of Rob Seaman Sent: 05 June 2005 07:44 To: semantics@ivoa.net Cc: Rob Seaman Subject: Re: boundaries What do others think about the boundary between this group and the workgroups? And what is the best way to capture that boundary in the charter of the group? The semantics forum has existed since September 2002 (and I for one have been receiving it since the beginning). Prior to 4 days ago, there had been 91 messages in 31 months. 79 of those messages came in the first month and a half of the list's existence. Over the next two and a half years, there were a grand total of a dozen messages. There have been about three dozen messages in the last few days. Is it truly necessary, or desirable, to throttle back the first interesting discussion that comes along? Note that the mailing list has a threaded archive (http://www.ivoa.net/forum/semantics) for those who would prefer to skip entire topics. That said, the best way to muffle a discussion you don't want to have is to start an alternate discussion about something that interests you more. Rob Seaman NOAO ------=_NextPart_000_000A_01C569BB.602119B0 Content-Type: text/html; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Hi Rob,
 
I was not trying to throttle the discussion but = asking if=20 this was the best place for it. As you say, this group has only recently = revived. In that revival, there's been claims from other groups that = 'semantics'=20 really belongs to them: the ucd and dm groups have made that claim and = registry=20 and voql could also claim the space. I want to ensure that this group = does=20 continue because I believe it has a useful purpose in stimulating just = such=20 discussions and more besides and that there is a need for an = interest=20 group where conceptual discussions can reside. But we need to = be able=20 to recognise when it is time for a discussion to be handed off to an=20 existing specialist workgroup.
 
So, what I was asking for were = guidelines that could=20 go into the charter that recognise that boundaries do exist, that they = will be=20 fuzzy but that when it is obvious that they've been crossed, we hand = over to=20 existing workgroups or recommend that a new one be = created.
 
There may be several ways that the boundary = might be=20 crossed, eg:
 
1. the sem.ig gets onto discussing how a = voevent and its=20 structure might be accomodated within the overall AstroOntology; this = discussion=20 ends up discussing what a voevent is and how it is distinguished from=20 non-voevents; we hand over to the voevent.wg for a resolution; when = they've=20 discussed and defined the distinction we incorporate it into the = conceptual=20 ontology.
 
2. the voevent group discusses how their data = model might=20 be represented; they create schemas and models and want to incorporate = that into=20 the AstroOntology; they hand over what they've done to this group; = we add=20 the voevent concepts to the overall ontology in a way that suits the way = voevents might be used and discuss ways in which this ontology might be = used by=20 existing apps that handle voevents and by existing semantic apps that = currently=20 do not.
 
I don't pretend that I fully (or even = partially) understand=20 the voevent discussions taking part here and if they are mainly = conceptual=20 rather than practical and are only about ontological distinctions then = I'm happy=20 for it to continue. But I'd like an assurance from Roy that this is the = case and=20 that the discussions are not better sited in his list (which is where I = assume=20 all the voevent experts are hanging out).
 
Cheers,
Tony.

From: owner-semantics@eso.org=20 [mailto:owner-semantics@eso.org] On Behalf Of Rob=20 Seaman
Sent: 05 June 2005 07:44
To:=20 semantics@ivoa.net
Cc: Rob Seaman
Subject: Re:=20 boundaries

What do others think about the boundary = between=20 this group and the workgroups? And what is the best way to capture = that=20 boundary in the charter of the group?

The semantics forum has existed = since=20 September 2002 (and I for one have been receiving it since the = beginning).=20 Prior to 4 days ago, there had been 91 messages in 31 months. 79 of = those=20 messages came in the first month and a half of the list's existence. = Over the=20 next two and a half years, there were a grand total of a dozen = messages. There=20 have been about three dozen messages in the last few days. Is it truly = necessary, or desirable, to throttle back the first interesting = discussion=20 that comes along? Note that the mailing list has a threaded archive = (http://www.ivoa.net/forum/se= mantics)=20 for those who would prefer to = skip entire=20 topics.

That said, the best way to muffle a discussion you don't want to = have is=20 to start an alternate discussion about something that interests you=20 more.

Rob Seaman
NOAO
------=_NextPart_000_000A_01C569BB.602119B0-- From owner-semantics@eso.org Sun Jun 5 13:57:45 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j55BvW5l013042 for ; Sun, 5 Jun 2005 13:57:32 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j55BvWLR013041 for semantics-outgoing; Sun, 5 Jun 2005 13:57:32 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from apollo.hq.eso.org (apollo.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.42]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j55BvS5l013037 for ; Sun, 5 Jun 2005 13:57:28 +0200 (MEST) Received: from earth.astro.umd.edu (earth.astro.umd.edu [129.2.14.2]) by apollo.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j55BvQ73018282 for ; Sun, 5 Jun 2005 13:57:26 +0200 (CEST) Received: from [192.168.0.100] (pool-70-110-29-230.washdc.fios.verizon.net [70.110.29.230]) (using TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by earth.astro.umd.edu (Postfix) with ESMTP id AC0CA109B5; Sun, 5 Jun 2005 07:57:16 -0400 (EDT) Message-ID: <42A2E899.3020207@gsfc.nasa.gov> Date: Sun, 05 Jun 2005 07:57:13 -0400 From: Ed Shaya User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.7.6) Gecko/20050319 X-Accept-Language: en-us, en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: semantics@ivoa.net Cc: Rob Seaman Subject: Re: Fwd: some remarks on VOEvent References: <10697DC8-8046-4624-A707-BC1F78C0AA25@noao.edu> <31450CF0-A745-4DD0-B1C9-CCC65B2F2ADD@noao.edu> In-Reply-To: <31450CF0-A745-4DD0-B1C9-CCC65B2F2ADD@noao.edu> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.5.8 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Rob Seaman wrote: > On Jun 4, 2005, at 7:13 AM, Ed Shaya wrote: > >> I'm afraid I don't get what you are flaming about here. Why is it >> possible to define a VOEvent but not an event? > > > My apologies if I seemed to be flaming. I thought we were just having > a conversation - expressing diverse views. > > A VOEvent - as Roy helpfully pointed out - is the report of an > observation. Hundreds of years of scientific developments have > provided very fine grained utilitarian definitions of "observation" > and "measurement" and other experimental concepts - and of specific > flavor reports of same. "Event" is a nice flexible English word - but > more on the theoretical side than the experimental. In its colloquial > sense, the word "event" is likely broader in its connotations in > astronomy than in any other discipline. I thought the point of > ontology was precisely to capture colloquial meanings in a bottle. I > suspect "event" is one such word that will be hard to so capture. There is no bottle requirement. Where one can define precisely, one does. Where one can't, one does not. The ontology will not collapse if the words big and little are in there. Also, ast:event does not need to be the same as top_ont:event. If you want, there can be a vo:event that is separate from ast:event. > My worry - a worry that I've heard others express without deeming them > to be flaming - is that "ontology" is a synonym for "non-pragmatic". > We of this workgroup do hereby deem this as flaming and ban such expressions from this list forevermore. All agreed, say aye. >> Ontology allows one to use natural language to make statements and >> query. The whole idea is to bring the flexibility of human language >> to machines (but perhaps to make it a bit clearer). If you think >> this is a vain hope then why are you on this list? > > > I don't think it is a vain hope to build targeted ontologies - note > the plural. Look at the VOEvent.owl. It has no superclasses and no subclasses. The properties are all hasObject where Object is simply the thing it has, every time. This is what happens when you create targeted Ontologies that are small and not tied into overarching ontologies. If we are to have a consistent vocabulary and more importantly if we are to make progress in our lifetimes without getting bogged down by the gridlock of interdependencies we need overarching ontologies first. Afterwards we can go deep into specific subfields. If you look at the ontologies I've been working on there are targeted ontologies: physics, geometry, chemistry, astronomy, general science, and quantities. Not the targets you had in mind. But all quite necessary. > 'm on the list because all of a sudden there are four or more lists > for discussing VO semantics and we keep being shuffled off to the next > list over. VOEvent presents an interesting opportunity for the VO to > wrestle with real world semantic requirements. Should this particular > list be renamed "ontology@ivoa.net "? Maybe so. It was resurrected because I was requesting an [Ontology] subgroup in DM. > Can semantics be profitably pursued as an activity separate from other > VO work? > I think the idea is for this group to experiment with Ontology and when the benefits to the other groups are clear we will inform them. If this is successful then the day may come when UCD and DM are superfluous. Also, there would be many uses for any good scientific ontology, so this work may be profitable to a much wider group than the IVOA. >> Ah. So what you want is inflexibility. You want to ensure that >> VOEvents do not have explanations of explanations or any other deep >> discussion of the event. > > > Not what I want at all. Although I might suggest that "deep > discussion" is an emergent property from a long sequence of richly > braided followup packets. To optimize its utility, a single VOEvent > will typically express a single coherent observation or hypothesis. > VOEvent is a specific VO facility with a clear mission - to report > alerts to the community via software agents. In many instances, > VOEvents will be used to trigger more in depth analysis via other VO > facilities. An "alert" and a "deep discussion" are indeed quite > different modes of communication. > >> If the VO wants hardwired structures it should study the issue with >> Ontologies (because only in ontologies can you see the big picture >> with relationships between all of the components of the langauge) >> and then use that as a starting point for creating limiting UML or >> Schema. > > > "Limiting UML"? :-) If an ontology is something so open-ended that > UML is seen to be limited by comparison, then perhaps Merriam-Webster > is right to call ontology a branch of metaphysics. I was just > standing up for ontologies the other day on one of the gazillions of > UCD lists. There is little point to UCDs without an underlying > ontological formalism. But by the same token, there is little point > to ontologies if they aren't seen to be pragmatically wrestling with > real world issues - at least on occasion. > VOEvent is an opportunity for elucidating real world requirements and > building real world VO systems. > UML and Schema are limiting in the sense of providing a predefined structure and order. In RDF the information can come in any order and the root is always RDF so one can add any desired extra information. It is not clear which is more pragmatic, but if you happen to need structure then by all means create a schema. You can annotate the schema with terms from an ontology. > Phenomenologically yours, > > Rob > > From owner-semantics@eso.org Mon Jun 6 16:12:27 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j56ECDoS024072 for ; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 16:12:14 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j56ECD7w024070 for semantics-outgoing; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 16:12:13 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from apollo.hq.eso.org (apollo.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.42]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j56EC8oS024057 for ; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 16:12:08 +0200 (MEST) Received: from earth.astro.umd.edu (earth.astro.umd.edu [129.2.14.2]) by apollo.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j56EC673024220 for ; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 16:12:07 +0200 (CEST) Received: from bigstar.astro.umd.edu (bigstar.astro.umd.edu [129.2.15.48]) by earth.astro.umd.edu (Postfix) with ESMTP id A7DF3109BF; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 10:12:00 -0400 (EDT) From: Brian Thomas Organization: University of Maryland To: semantics@ivoa.net Subject: Re: Fwd: some remarks on VOEvent Date: Mon, 6 Jun 2005 10:11:39 -0400 User-Agent: KMail/1.7.1 Cc: Rob Seaman References: <10697DC8-8046-4624-A707-BC1F78C0AA25@noao.edu> <31450CF0-A745-4DD0-B1C9-CCC65B2F2ADD@noao.edu> <42A2E899.3020207@gsfc.nasa.gov> In-Reply-To: <42A2E899.3020207@gsfc.nasa.gov> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Content-Disposition: inline Message-Id: <200506061011.39630.thomas@astro.umd.edu> X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.6.13 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: On Sunday 05 June 2005 07:57 am, Ed Shaya wrote: > > My worry - a worry that I've heard others express without deeming them > > to be flaming - is that "ontology" is a synonym for "non-pragmatic". > > > We of this workgroup do hereby deem this as flaming and ban such > expressions from this list forevermore.  All agreed, say aye. aye!! -- -------------------------------------- | | Dr. Brian Thomas | | Dept of Astronomy | University of Maryland-College Park | | Phone: (301) 405-2312 | Fax: (301) 314-9067 | -------------------------------------- From owner-semantics@eso.org Mon Jun 6 16:31:56 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j56EVeoS028381 for ; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 16:31:40 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j56EVeJG028380 for semantics-outgoing; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 16:31:40 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from apollo.hq.eso.org (apollo.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.42]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j56EVVoS028360 for ; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 16:31:31 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mail07a.vwh1.net (mail07a.vwh1.net [131.103.218.80]) by apollo.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with SMTP id j56EVS73025068 for ; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 16:31:29 +0200 (CEST) Received: from www.mondeca.com (207.158.249.10) by mail07a.vwh1.net (RS ver 1.0.95vs) with SMTP id 1-1349188276 for ; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 10:31:22 -0400 (EDT) From: "Bernard Vatant" To: Subject: RE: some semantic puzzles from VOEvent Date: Mon, 6 Jun 2005 16:31:15 +0200 Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0) In-Reply-To: <667BA0B5-FCDC-45AA-818B-0BC435E4399A@noao.edu> Importance: Normal X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2180 X-Loop-Detect: 1 X-DistLoop-Detect: 1 X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.6.13 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Hello Rob > Bernard Vatant comments on Roy's VOEvent issues: > > > (1) [...] We would like a formal vocabulary so that, for example, > > the computer can understand that "Supernova" and "SN" are the same > > thing.. > >> everybody knows (or thinks so) or at least implicitly agrees upon > >> what Jupiter *is* and looks like, what a planet *is*, and so on. > >> There is a unique (implicit) interpretation in the common > >> (implicit) ontology. > "Jupiter" is a proper name for a specific entity. That > identification is simply a definition under the control of the > appropriate IAU committee or some other international body. OK. When I wrote "Jupiter", I did not mean the name, but was implicitly referring to this "entity generally agreed upon to have some sort of permanent existence as a System Solar major component, and which is called Jupiter ... etc." My point is that, generally speaking, given the proper context, there is not much ambiguity in the astronomical community about the definition of this particular object. > There is intrinsic ambiguity, however, with the definition of classes of > objects - with nouns that don't correspond to proper names. Certainly, this is a general issue. Actually all efficient disambiguation processes assume there is inter-agreement on the class(es) of objects, but this agreement is often implicit and impossible to formalize. You have a lot of ways to identify a person among six billion ones (e-mail address, postal address, name + birthdate + birthplace, welfare number, passport number, ... or any combination of those to make sure). But nobody has found so far a consensual definition of what an human *is*. Ditto for the instance "Jupiter", more easy to define than its class "planet". Think of poor Pluto :) > What is a planet? What is a gas giant? For many purposes the answers to > these questions are obvious, something like: a gravitationally bound > non-stellar entity orbiting a star. (Although it quickly becomes > obvious that all definitions depend on other definitions.) For other > purposes, such as the characterization of planetary atmospheres or > magnetic fields, the precise transition from Jupiter to > interplanetary space may be hazy indeed. Sure : even more simple questions are tricky : what is the minimal size for a planet? for an asteroid? for a comet? Every value would be arbitrary, although nobody I guess would call a body of mass a few grams orbiting the Sun a planet ... All those issues boil down to the good old undecidable question "What is the minimal number of grains to make a sandheap?" > > (2) [...] One report says the Event is a Supernova, another says it > > is a SupernovaType1a, another says it is a SN and another says > > "bright source associated with a galaxy". Are these four in agreement? > > >> Observer X has taken an image later interpreted as being a SN 1c > >> in NGC 4038. Other, looking to the same sky > >> coordinates, have obtained other data that they interpret as being > >> images of the "same" object in the "same" galaxy (whatever this > >> "sameness" actually means ...). > > I presume synonyms such as "Supernova" and "SN" will be trivial to > handle. Sure enough. It's plain synonymy here. > Less trivial might the the example at the bottom of section > 3.7 of the VOEvent specification. The object or process that has a > proper name of "Tycho's Stella Nova" is classified as "SN 1a". An > assertion is made that this is associated with the object/process > called "3C 10" which is classified as a "supernova remnant". > Astronomy abounds with famous objects for which large numbers of > reliable identifications and classifications of various sorts are > available. We are more interested in how to classify the question > marks - in precisely the terra incognito of the emerging ontological > maps. A description of the science that was current last year is not > going to prove exceptionally helpful. A successful ontology will be > one that includes an easy process for growth and hypothesis. I agree completely. That's why I insisted on the different ontological layers that seem to be blurred in the definition of an event, or for that matter an object. And, first of all, the process of isolating such or such pack of data from the rest of the data continuum (so to speak) is itself on the level of interpretation. This act of separating a particular set of data (e.g., this particular pack of photons captured by this instrument under such and such experimental conditions) is somehow arbitrary. Why this part of the sky? Why this part of the camera field? One could try fuzzy but generic "objective" definitions, based on some kind of discontinuity in the data background, either space-like for an object (a more or less steady source of light is defined as an object because the sky background is more or less black), or space+time-like for an event or a process (the data flow changes at some point). But such definitions would be as arbitrary as the definition of a planet minimal size. Moreover, this separation is most of the time based on pre-existing classification schemes. "Our eyes see light, our brains see things". IOW, there is no object or event pre-existing to interpretation of data. > > (3) [...] If I have a lot of VOEvent packets that refer to the same > > astrophysical event, can I extract a SED or light-curve (or time- > > dependent SED) by federating all the separate observations? > > >> As long as you put together data from different sources, the > >> agreement about those data being about the same thing supposes an > >> (there again, most of the time implicit) agreement on a world > >> model where this object is supposed to "exist". > > I think the issue here is broader than VOEvent ... Certainly! That's why maybe the ontology approach should not stick too much to the specific data model of VOEvent to begin with, but incorporate this into a high-level description of the scientific *process*. More to come ... Bernard ********************************************************************************** Bernard Vatant Senior Consultant Knowledge Engineering bernard.vatant@mondeca.com "Making Sense of Content" : http://www.mondeca.com "Everything is a Subject" : http://universimmedia.blogspot.com ********************************************************************************** From owner-semantics@eso.org Mon Jun 6 16:44:28 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j56EiDoS001121 for ; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 16:44:13 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j56EiDZW001120 for semantics-outgoing; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 16:44:13 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from apollo.hq.eso.org (apollo.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.42]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j56Ei7oS001103 for ; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 16:44:07 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mail07a.vwh1.net (mail07a.vwh1.net [131.103.218.80]) by apollo.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with SMTP id j56Ei473025730 for ; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 16:44:05 +0200 (CEST) Received: from www.mondeca.com (207.158.249.10) by mail07a.vwh1.net (RS ver 1.0.95vs) with SMTP id 1-1619239036 for ; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 10:43:58 -0400 (EDT) From: "Bernard Vatant" To: Subject: RE: some remarks on VOEvent Date: Mon, 6 Jun 2005 16:43:55 +0200 Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0) In-Reply-To: <7869a5d531b8175c930abc5660453108@cacr.caltech.edu> Importance: Normal X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2180 X-Loop-Detect: 1 X-DistLoop-Detect: 1 X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.6.13 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: ... to follow-up with my previous message ... Roy Williams wrote : > More properly we should *not* say VOEvent represents an astrophysical > event, but rather it represents an *observation* of an event. Each > observation is assigned an ID. Agreed, iff "an *observation* of an event" is not taken in a naive realistic view of the world, a la ... 1. There was an event to observe (outthere, independently of mine, or any other, observation) 2. I was there, lucky man/woman to catch it : see my data. ... but puts the observation first, and then the event definition, a la : 1. I happened to capture this pack of data. 2. They seem to make together enough sense, according to my/our current knowledge - or still better, to our *lack* of knowledge - to be encapsulated inside an "event box". 3. My first interpretation is bla bla ... Bernard ********************************************************************************** Bernard Vatant Senior Consultant Knowledge Engineering bernard.vatant@mondeca.com "Making Sense of Content" : http://www.mondeca.com "Everything is a Subject" : http://universimmedia.blogspot.com ********************************************************************************** From owner-semantics@eso.org Mon Jun 6 17:55:57 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j56FtgoS013871 for ; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 17:55:42 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j56FtgWR013870 for semantics-outgoing; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 17:55:42 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from rocky.hq.eso.org (rocky.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.43]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j56FtcoS013810 for ; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 17:55:38 +0200 (MEST) Received: from earth.astro.umd.edu (earth.astro.umd.edu [129.2.14.2]) by rocky.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j56FtaXW023893 for ; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 17:55:37 +0200 (CEST) Received: from [129.2.14.215] (lap5.astro.umd.edu [129.2.14.215]) (using TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by earth.astro.umd.edu (Postfix) with ESMTP id C99E9109BF for ; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 11:55:30 -0400 (EDT) Message-ID: <42A471F1.7090400@gsfc.nasa.gov> Date: Mon, 06 Jun 2005 11:55:29 -0400 From: Ed Shaya User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.7.6) Gecko/20050319 X-Accept-Language: en-us, en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: semantics@ivoa.net Subject: Re: some remarks on VOEvent References: In-Reply-To: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.6.16 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Bernard, I agree with this also. Doesn't this all mean that VOEvent should hasObservation? Shouldn't we be working with Jonathan's UML of an Observation to create that Ontology first. Most of what is in the VOEvent presented at the last NVO meeting is like Observation but done in a different way. I could understand wanting a simpler format for Observation but the better way to provide that is to have restrictions on Observation. Perhaps there can be a SimpleFormatObservation subclass of Observation. I would think a VOEvent could take multiple Observations. For instance, one day one has images and spectra and then three days later one has more images and spectra. One notices significant changes in both so you send out a VOEvent. Are there 4 Observations or 1? And what if you include supporting Observations by a colleague at another observatory? Ed Bernard Vatant wrote: >.... to follow-up with my previous message ... > >Roy Williams wrote : > > > >>More properly we should *not* say VOEvent represents an astrophysical >>event, but rather it represents an *observation* of an event. Each >>observation is assigned an ID. >> >> > >Agreed, iff "an *observation* of an event" is not taken in a naive realistic view of the >world, a la ... > >1. There was an event to observe (outthere, independently of mine, or any other, >observation) >2. I was there, lucky man/woman to catch it : see my data. > >.... but puts the observation first, and then the event definition, a la : > >1. I happened to capture this pack of data. >2. They seem to make together enough sense, according to my/our current knowledge - or >still better, to our *lack* of knowledge - to be encapsulated inside an "event box". >3. My first interpretation is bla bla ... > >Bernard > >********************************************************************************** > >Bernard Vatant >Senior Consultant >Knowledge Engineering >bernard.vatant@mondeca.com > >"Making Sense of Content" : http://www.mondeca.com >"Everything is a Subject" : http://universimmedia.blogspot.com > >********************************************************************************** > > > > > From owner-semantics@eso.org Mon Jun 6 18:01:35 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j56G1JoS014633 for ; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 18:01:19 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j56G1Jin014632 for semantics-outgoing; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 18:01:19 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from apollo.hq.eso.org (apollo.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.42]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j56G1FoS014626 for ; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 18:01:15 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mssltz.mssl.ucl.ac.uk (mssltz.mssl.ucl.ac.uk [128.40.71.165]) by apollo.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j56G1D73029285 for ; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 18:01:14 +0200 (CEST) Received: from msslta.mssl.ucl.ac.uk (msslta.mssl.ucl.ac.uk [128.40.71.124]) by mssltz.mssl.ucl.ac.uk (8.12.10/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j56G14J0021699 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) for ; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 17:01:04 +0100 Date: Mon, 6 Jun 2005 17:01:04 +0100 (BST) From: Elizabeth Auden To: semantics@ivoa.net Subject: Re: some remarks on VOEvent In-Reply-To: <42A471F1.7090400@gsfc.nasa.gov> Message-ID: References: <42A471F1.7090400@gsfc.nasa.gov> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed X-MSSL-MailScanner-Information: Please contact the ISP for more information X-MSSL-MailScanner: No virus found X-MSSL-MailScanner-SpamCheck: not spam, SpamAssassin (score=-4.9, required 5, BAYES_00 -4.90) X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.6.15 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: > I would think a VOEvent could take multiple Observations. For instance, > one day one has images and spectra and then three days later one has more > images and spectra. One notices significant changes in both so you send out > a VOEvent. Are there 4 Observations or 1? And what if you include supporting > Observations by a colleague at another observatory? Swift provides a good example of this - when MSSL has round-the-clock gamma-ray burst duty, part of the responsibilities include coordinating other instruments for multi-wavelength observations of the afterglow. Elizabeth From owner-semantics@eso.org Mon Jun 6 18:06:44 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j56G6VoS015975 for ; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 18:06:31 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j56G6VAi015974 for semantics-outgoing; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 18:06:31 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from apollo.hq.eso.org (apollo.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.42]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j56G6RoS015969 for ; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 18:06:27 +0200 (MEST) Received: from earth.astro.umd.edu (earth.astro.umd.edu [129.2.14.2]) by apollo.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j56G6P73029522 for ; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 18:06:26 +0200 (CEST) Received: from [129.2.14.215] (lap5.astro.umd.edu [129.2.14.215]) (using TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by earth.astro.umd.edu (Postfix) with ESMTP id 51D23109C7 for ; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 12:06:20 -0400 (EDT) Message-ID: <42A4747A.4090806@gsfc.nasa.gov> Date: Mon, 06 Jun 2005 12:06:18 -0400 From: Ed Shaya User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.7.6) Gecko/20050319 X-Accept-Language: en-us, en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: semantics@ivoa.net Subject: Re: some remarks on VOEvent References: In-Reply-To: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.6.16 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: And if one wants to autoconvert UML to OWL there is this tool at http://afrodita.rcub.bg.ac.yu/~gasevic/projects/UMLtoOWL/ UMLtoOWL: Converter from UML to OWL General information The UMLtoOWL tool converts extended Ontology UML Profile (OUP) models in XML Metadata Interchange (XMI) format to The Web Ontology Language (OWL) ontologies. The tool is implemented by using eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformation (XSLT). With UMLtoOWL we do not need to modify the existing UML tools. A UML tool can export an XMI document that an XSLT processor (e.g. Xalan Java 2 ) can use as input. An OWL document is produced as the output, and this format can be imported into a tool specialized for ontology development (e.g. Protégé ) where it can be further refined. This work is a part of the Good Old AI research effort to develop an MDA based ontology infrastructure . Ed Bernard Vatant wrote: >.... to follow-up with my previous message ... > >Roy Williams wrote : > > > >>More properly we should *not* say VOEvent represents an astrophysical >>event, but rather it represents an *observation* of an event. Each >>observation is assigned an ID. >> >> > >Agreed, iff "an *observation* of an event" is not taken in a naive realistic view of the >world, a la ... > >1. There was an event to observe (outthere, independently of mine, or any other, >observation) >2. I was there, lucky man/woman to catch it : see my data. > >.... but puts the observation first, and then the event definition, a la : > >1. I happened to capture this pack of data. >2. They seem to make together enough sense, according to my/our current knowledge - or >still better, to our *lack* of knowledge - to be encapsulated inside an "event box". >3. My first interpretation is bla bla ... > >Bernard > >********************************************************************************** > >Bernard Vatant >Senior Consultant >Knowledge Engineering >bernard.vatant@mondeca.com > >"Making Sense of Content" : http://www.mondeca.com >"Everything is a Subject" : http://universimmedia.blogspot.com > >********************************************************************************** > > > > > From owner-semantics@eso.org Mon Jun 6 18:43:47 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j56GhaoS022137 for ; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 18:43:36 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j56Gha3Y022136 for semantics-outgoing; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 18:43:36 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from rocky.hq.eso.org (rocky.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.43]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j56GhVoS022119 for ; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 18:43:31 +0200 (MEST) Received: from athena.le.ac.uk (ntp3d.le.ac.uk [143.210.16.127]) by rocky.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j56GhTXW025563 for ; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 18:43:29 +0200 (CEST) Message-Id: <200506061643.j56GhTXW025563@rocky.hq.eso.org> Received: from [143.210.36.14] (helo=marindi) by athena.le.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 4.44) id 1DfKh9-00052o-PC for semantics@ivoa.net; Mon, 06 Jun 2005 17:43:24 +0100 From: "Tony Linde" To: Subject: RE: some remarks on VOEvent Date: Mon, 6 Jun 2005 17:43:23 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" X-Mailer: Microsoft Office Outlook, Build 11.0.6353 In-Reply-To: <42A4747A.4090806@gsfc.nasa.gov> X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2527 Thread-Index: AcVqseQvKAJ60RWvRB++isQft6VfbwABLrJQ X-UoL-Id: cf96fca394a4a6185e6b4c638dec6009@1DfKh9-00052o-PC@athena.le.ac.uk X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.6.16 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by mercury.hq.eso.org id j56GhaoS022133 Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Ooohhh!! Toys!! Finally something *I* can understand :) Now, anyone got an ontology-friendly UML tool? T. > -----Original Message----- > From: owner-semantics@eso.org > [mailto:owner-semantics@eso.org] On Behalf Of Ed Shaya > Sent: 06 June 2005 17:06 > To: semantics@ivoa.net > Subject: Re: some remarks on VOEvent > > And if one wants to autoconvert UML to OWL there is this tool at > > http://afrodita.rcub.bg.ac.yu/~gasevic/projects/UMLtoOWL/ > > > UMLtoOWL: Converter from UML to OWL > > > > > General information > > The UMLtoOWL tool converts extended Ontology UML Profile > (OUP) models in XML Metadata Interchange (XMI) format to The > Web Ontology Language (OWL) > ontologies. > The tool is implemented by using eXtensible Stylesheet > Language Transformation (XSLT). With UMLtoOWL we do not need > to modify the existing UML tools. A UML tool can export an > XMI document that an XSLT processor (e.g. Xalan Java 2 > ) can use as input. > An OWL document is produced as the output, and this format > can be imported into a tool specialized for ontology > development (e.g. Protégé > ) where it can be further refined. > > This work is a part of the Good Old AI > research effort to develop an MDA > based ontology infrastructure > anDjuric.pdf>. > > Ed > > > > > Bernard Vatant wrote: > > >.... to follow-up with my previous message ... > > > >Roy Williams wrote : > > > > > > > >>More properly we should *not* say VOEvent represents an > astrophysical > >>event, but rather it represents an *observation* of an event. Each > >>observation is assigned an ID. > >> > >> > > > >Agreed, iff "an *observation* of an event" is not taken in a naive > >realistic view of the world, a la ... > > > >1. There was an event to observe (outthere, independently of > mine, or > >any other, > >observation) > >2. I was there, lucky man/woman to catch it : see my data. > > > >.... but puts the observation first, and then the event > definition, a la : > > > >1. I happened to capture this pack of data. > >2. They seem to make together enough sense, according to > my/our current > >knowledge - or still better, to our *lack* of knowledge - to > be encapsulated inside an "event box". > >3. My first interpretation is bla bla ... > > > >Bernard > > > >************************************************************* > ********** > >*********** > > > >Bernard Vatant > >Senior Consultant > >Knowledge Engineering > >bernard.vatant@mondeca.com > > > >"Making Sense of Content" : http://www.mondeca.com "Everything is a > >Subject" : http://universimmedia.blogspot.com > > > >************************************************************* > ********** > >*********** > > > > > > > > > > > > From owner-semantics@eso.org Mon Jun 6 19:06:47 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j56H6aoS025951 for ; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 19:06:36 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j56H6aIg025950 for semantics-outgoing; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 19:06:36 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from rocky.hq.eso.org (rocky.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.43]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j56H6UoS025935 for ; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 19:06:31 +0200 (MEST) Received: from earth.astro.umd.edu (earth.astro.umd.edu [129.2.14.2]) by rocky.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j56H6SXW026233 for ; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 19:06:29 +0200 (CEST) Received: from [129.2.14.215] (lap5.astro.umd.edu [129.2.14.215]) (using TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by earth.astro.umd.edu (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3C9FB109D2 for ; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 13:06:23 -0400 (EDT) Message-ID: <42A4828D.7050701@gsfc.nasa.gov> Date: Mon, 06 Jun 2005 13:06:21 -0400 From: Ed Shaya User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.7.6) Gecko/20050319 X-Accept-Language: en-us, en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: semantics@ivoa.net Subject: Re: some remarks on VOEvent References: <200506061643.j56GhTXW025563@rocky.hq.eso.org> In-Reply-To: <200506061643.j56GhTXW025563@rocky.hq.eso.org> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.6.17 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: The Poseiden UML tool has been tested with the ontology UML Profile and metamodel (for a description see: http://www.metamodel.com/wisme-2004/present/9.pdf). Apparently, you can not take a standard UML and just transform it to OWL. One needs to incorporate the profile and metamodel first. Ed Tony Linde wrote: >Ooohhh!! Toys!! Finally something *I* can understand :) > >Now, anyone got an ontology-friendly UML tool? > >T. > > > >>-----Original Message----- >>From: owner-semantics@eso.org >>[mailto:owner-semantics@eso.org] On Behalf Of Ed Shaya >>Sent: 06 June 2005 17:06 >>To: semantics@ivoa.net >>Subject: Re: some remarks on VOEvent >> >>And if one wants to autoconvert UML to OWL there is this tool at >> >>http://afrodita.rcub.bg.ac.yu/~gasevic/projects/UMLtoOWL/ >> >> >> UMLtoOWL: Converter from UML to OWL >> >> >> >> >> General information >> >>The UMLtoOWL tool converts extended Ontology UML Profile >>(OUP) models in XML Metadata Interchange (XMI) format to The >>Web Ontology Language (OWL) >> ontologies. >>The tool is implemented by using eXtensible Stylesheet >>Language Transformation (XSLT). With UMLtoOWL we do not need >>to modify the existing UML tools. A UML tool can export an >>XMI document that an XSLT processor (e.g. Xalan Java 2 >>) can use as input. >>An OWL document is produced as the output, and this format >>can be imported into a tool specialized for ontology >>development (e.g. Protégé >>) where it can be further refined. >> >>This work is a part of the Good Old AI >> research effort to develop an MDA >>based ontology infrastructure >>>anDjuric.pdf>. >> >>Ed >> >> >> >> >>Bernard Vatant wrote: >> >> >> >>>.... to follow-up with my previous message ... >>> >>>Roy Williams wrote : >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>>>More properly we should *not* say VOEvent represents an >>>> >>>> >>astrophysical >> >> >>>>event, but rather it represents an *observation* of an event. Each >>>>observation is assigned an ID. >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>Agreed, iff "an *observation* of an event" is not taken in a naive >>>realistic view of the world, a la ... >>> >>>1. There was an event to observe (outthere, independently of >>> >>> >>mine, or >> >> >>>any other, >>>observation) >>>2. I was there, lucky man/woman to catch it : see my data. >>> >>>.... but puts the observation first, and then the event >>> >>> >>definition, a la : >> >> >>>1. I happened to capture this pack of data. >>>2. They seem to make together enough sense, according to >>> >>> >>my/our current >> >> >>>knowledge - or still better, to our *lack* of knowledge - to >>> >>> >>be encapsulated inside an "event box". >> >> >>>3. My first interpretation is bla bla ... >>> >>>Bernard >>> >>>************************************************************* >>> >>> >>********** >> >> >>>*********** >>> >>>Bernard Vatant >>>Senior Consultant >>>Knowledge Engineering >>>bernard.vatant@mondeca.com >>> >>>"Making Sense of Content" : http://www.mondeca.com "Everything is a >>>Subject" : http://universimmedia.blogspot.com >>> >>>************************************************************* >>> >>> >>********** >> >> >>>*********** >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >> >> > > > > > From owner-semantics@eso.org Mon Jun 6 19:20:01 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j56HJeoS027949 for ; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 19:19:40 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j56HJeli027948 for semantics-outgoing; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 19:19:40 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from rocky.hq.eso.org (rocky.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.43]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j56HJaoS027938 for ; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 19:19:36 +0200 (MEST) Received: from noao.edu (noao.edu [140.252.1.54]) by rocky.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j56HJXXW026541 for ; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 19:19:34 +0200 (CEST) X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.0.3 (2005-04-27) on noao.edu X-Spam-Level: X-Spam-Status: No, score=-5.8 required=4.5 tests=ALL_TRUSTED,AWL,BAYES_00 autolearn=ham version=3.0.3 X-TFF-CGPSA-Version: 1.4f1 X-TFF-CGPSA-Filter: Scanned Received: from [140.252.4.27] (account seaman HELO [140.252.4.27]) by noao.edu (CommuniGate Pro SMTP 4.3.4) with ESMTPSA id 18600387; Mon, 06 Jun 2005 10:19:20 -0700 In-Reply-To: References: Mime-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v730) X-Priority: 3 (Normal) Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; delsp=yes; format=flowed Message-Id: <3E3431B6-78ED-4E51-A41D-086F0E9FF32F@noao.edu> Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit From: Rob Seaman Subject: Re: some semantic puzzles from VOEvent Date: Mon, 6 Jun 2005 10:18:58 -0700 To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.730) X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.6.18 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: On Jun 6, 2005, at 7:31 AM, Bernard Vatant wrote: > nobody has found so far a consensual definition of what an human *is*. Actually, we have an excellent operational definition of "human" (in its meaning as a synonym for Homo sapiens). A human is an interbreeding (hypothetically or actually) descendent of humans. Combine that rule with an example entity deemed to be human and stir inductively. The point here is that evolution serves as a unifying force in constructing biological ontologies. Astronomy has no similar unifying conceptual framework above the level of fundamental physics. > even more simple questions are tricky : what is the minimal size > for a planet? for an asteroid? for a comet? Every value would be > arbitrary, although nobody I guess would call a body of mass a few > grams orbiting the Sun a planet ... All those issues boil down to > the good old undecidable question "What is the minimal number of > grains to make a sandheap?" Yes, but I question your assertion that these questions are undecidable. The literature is rife with variations on ways to express size distributions (e.g., initial mass functions) that would allow capturing such subtleties. Does "natural language" include the mathematical expressions that are the natural way to express so many astronomical concepts? Does knowledge engineering extend to actually expressing an HR diagram - or would Ejnar and Henry simply have to describe the main sequence in prose - or perhaps poetry? "I think I shall never see, a poem as lovely as the asymptotic giant branch." Rob From owner-semantics@eso.org Mon Jun 6 19:28:21 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j56HSBoS029214 for ; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 19:28:11 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j56HSBxm029213 for semantics-outgoing; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 19:28:11 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from apollo.hq.eso.org (apollo.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.42]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j56HS7oS029203 for ; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 19:28:07 +0200 (MEST) Received: from earth.astro.umd.edu (earth.astro.umd.edu [129.2.14.2]) by apollo.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j56HS573002151 for ; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 19:28:06 +0200 (CEST) Received: from [129.2.14.215] (lap5.astro.umd.edu [129.2.14.215]) (using TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by earth.astro.umd.edu (Postfix) with ESMTP id EA4E9109D2 for ; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 13:27:59 -0400 (EDT) Message-ID: <42A4879C.10903@gsfc.nasa.gov> Date: Mon, 06 Jun 2005 13:27:56 -0400 From: Ed Shaya User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.7.6) Gecko/20050319 X-Accept-Language: en-us, en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: semantics@ivoa.net Subject: Re: some remarks on VOEvent References: <200506061643.j56GhTXW025563@rocky.hq.eso.org> In-Reply-To: <200506061643.j56GhTXW025563@rocky.hq.eso.org> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.6.19 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: There is a plugin for Protege to go the other direction, OWL to UML (XMI 1.4), see http://protege.stanford.edu/plugins/uml/ But also see the caveats: http://protege.stanford.edu/plugins/uml/mapping.html Ed Tony Linde wrote: >Ooohhh!! Toys!! Finally something *I* can understand :) > >Now, anyone got an ontology-friendly UML tool? > >T. > > > >>-----Original Message----- >>From: owner-semantics@eso.org >>[mailto:owner-semantics@eso.org] On Behalf Of Ed Shaya >>Sent: 06 June 2005 17:06 >>To: semantics@ivoa.net >>Subject: Re: some remarks on VOEvent >> >>And if one wants to autoconvert UML to OWL there is this tool at >> >>http://afrodita.rcub.bg.ac.yu/~gasevic/projects/UMLtoOWL/ >> >> >> UMLtoOWL: Converter from UML to OWL >> >> >> >> >> General information >> >>The UMLtoOWL tool converts extended Ontology UML Profile >>(OUP) models in XML Metadata Interchange (XMI) format to The >>Web Ontology Language (OWL) >> ontologies. >>The tool is implemented by using eXtensible Stylesheet >>Language Transformation (XSLT). With UMLtoOWL we do not need >>to modify the existing UML tools. A UML tool can export an >>XMI document that an XSLT processor (e.g. Xalan Java 2 >>) can use as input. >>An OWL document is produced as the output, and this format >>can be imported into a tool specialized for ontology >>development (e.g. Protégé >>) where it can be further refined. >> >>This work is a part of the Good Old AI >> research effort to develop an MDA >>based ontology infrastructure >>>anDjuric.pdf>. >> >>Ed >> >> >> >> >>Bernard Vatant wrote: >> >> >> >>>.... to follow-up with my previous message ... >>> >>>Roy Williams wrote : >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>>>More properly we should *not* say VOEvent represents an >>>> >>>> >>astrophysical >> >> >>>>event, but rather it represents an *observation* of an event. Each >>>>observation is assigned an ID. >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>Agreed, iff "an *observation* of an event" is not taken in a naive >>>realistic view of the world, a la ... >>> >>>1. There was an event to observe (outthere, independently of >>> >>> >>mine, or >> >> >>>any other, >>>observation) >>>2. I was there, lucky man/woman to catch it : see my data. >>> >>>.... but puts the observation first, and then the event >>> >>> >>definition, a la : >> >> >>>1. I happened to capture this pack of data. >>>2. They seem to make together enough sense, according to >>> >>> >>my/our current >> >> >>>knowledge - or still better, to our *lack* of knowledge - to >>> >>> >>be encapsulated inside an "event box". >> >> >>>3. My first interpretation is bla bla ... >>> >>>Bernard >>> >>>************************************************************* >>> >>> >>********** >> >> >>>*********** >>> >>>Bernard Vatant >>>Senior Consultant >>>Knowledge Engineering >>>bernard.vatant@mondeca.com >>> >>>"Making Sense of Content" : http://www.mondeca.com "Everything is a >>>Subject" : http://universimmedia.blogspot.com >>> >>>************************************************************* >>> >>> >>********** >> >> >>>*********** >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >> >> > > > > > From owner-semantics@eso.org Tue Jun 7 01:28:43 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j56NSWAR025243 for ; Tue, 7 Jun 2005 01:28:32 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j56NSWUu025242 for semantics-outgoing; Tue, 7 Jun 2005 01:28:32 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from apollo.hq.eso.org (apollo.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.42]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j56NSQAR025235 for ; Tue, 7 Jun 2005 01:28:26 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mail07c.vwh1.net (mail07c.vwh1.net [131.103.218.143]) by apollo.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with SMTP id j56NSN73013184 for ; Tue, 7 Jun 2005 01:28:24 +0200 (CEST) Received: from www.mondeca.com (207.158.249.10) by mail07c.vwh1.net (RS ver 1.0.95vs) with SMTP id 1-166936486 for ; Mon, 6 Jun 2005 19:28:17 -0400 (EDT) From: "Bernard Vatant" To: Subject: RE: some semantic puzzles from VOEvent Date: Tue, 7 Jun 2005 01:28:06 +0200 Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0) X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2180 In-Reply-To: <3E3431B6-78ED-4E51-A41D-086F0E9FF32F@noao.edu> Importance: Normal X-Loop-Detect: 1 X-DistLoop-Detect: 1 X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.6.31 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Rob > > nobody has found so far a consensual definition of what an human *is*. > > Actually, we have an excellent operational definition of "human" (in > its meaning as a synonym for Homo sapiens). A human is an > interbreeding (hypothetically or actually) descendent of humans. > Combine that rule with an example entity deemed to be human and stir > inductively. Cool. I love recursive definitions :) That one is certainly operational - fit for everyday life affairs. But to provide a scientific definition of human kind as a species, forget it, it's easily broken ... 1. Species historical limits : If every human is a descendent of humans, recursively, hmm, I would be happy to trace my ancestors back to, say, 200 millions years ago, and meet them one by one - just to check the humanity breaking point ... Not to mention my descendents 200 millions years from now ... if any ... Seriously, there is a fuzzy border somewhere. "When in Earth history did humanity begin?" is a question exactly similar to : "When in Universe history did galaxies appear"? 2. For each individual : When do I start/end my story as an human? Think about difficult and endless debates about abortion and euthanasia. As difficult as : When does the Sun starts/ends as a star ... No more, no less ... And not to mention monsters of all kinds, that make wonder about limits of humanity ... And this goes along the lines of the point you made a few messages up in this thread : interesting science happens on the borders of agreed upon ontology. Is this a star or not? Is this an human or not? even in "pure" maths : Is this a line? Is this a number? Is this a function? Such questions led to the most important advances in every domain of science. > The point here is that evolution serves as a unifying > force in constructing biological ontologies. Well, evolution gives a framework for biological taxonomy construction, yes ... but nevertheless ... the differentiation breaking point of a species is still something very difficult to define, and hard to observe. I won't elaborate on the details here, but I had an interesting breakfast with a botanist a while ago, which definitely destroyed in my mind the notion of any "objective" definition of what a species is ... > Astronomy has no similar unifying conceptual framework > above the level of fundamental physics. True, maybe, but such "unifying conceptual framework" would not solve the above issues, more than evolution did in Biology. > > even more simple questions are tricky : what is the minimal size > > for a planet? for an asteroid? for a comet? Every value would be > > arbitrary, although nobody I guess would call a body of mass a few > > grams orbiting the Sun a planet ... All those issues boil down to > > the good old undecidable question "What is the minimal number of > > grains to make a sandheap?" > > Yes, but I question your assertion that these questions are > undecidable. "Undecidable" was not adequate a word, I agree, if you read it in its strict logical sense. I mean you can chose any arbitrary limit, like geographs do for the classification of cities, by setting arbitrary population thresholds ... > The literature is rife with variations on ways to > express size distributions (e.g., initial mass functions) that would > allow capturing such subtleties. Does "natural language" include the > mathematical expressions that are the natural way to express so many > astronomical concepts? Depends on what you call "natural language". Not sure if it contains any mathematical expressions at all ... > Does knowledge engineering extend to actually > expressing an HR diagram - or would Ejnar and Henry simply have to > describe the main sequence in prose - or perhaps poetry? "I think I > shall never see, a poem as lovely as the asymptotic giant branch." This is an interesting challenge indeed ... Bernard ********************************************************************************** Bernard Vatant Senior Consultant Knowledge Engineering bernard.vatant@mondeca.com "Making Sense of Content" : http://www.mondeca.com "Everything is a Subject" : http://universimmedia.blogspot.com ********************************************************************************** From owner-semantics@eso.org Tue Jun 7 08:46:35 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j576kLAR021194 for ; Tue, 7 Jun 2005 08:46:22 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j576kL6O021192 for semantics-outgoing; Tue, 7 Jun 2005 08:46:21 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from rocky.hq.eso.org (rocky.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.43]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j576kBAR021142 for ; Tue, 7 Jun 2005 08:46:11 +0200 (MEST) Received: from fed1rmmtao01.cox.net (fed1rmmtao01.cox.net [68.230.241.38]) by rocky.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j576k8XW018888 for ; Tue, 7 Jun 2005 08:46:09 +0200 (CEST) Received: from [10.0.1.71] (really [68.231.133.145]) by fed1rmmtao01.cox.net (InterMail vM.6.01.04.00 201-2131-118-20041027) with ESMTP id <20050607064544.XOIH7629.fed1rmmtao01.cox.net@[10.0.1.71]>; Tue, 7 Jun 2005 02:45:44 -0400 In-Reply-To: References: Mime-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v730) X-Priority: 3 (Normal) Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary=Apple-Mail-1-233109344 Message-Id: <285B1E71-A7B4-4385-B911-1BDFD0A7C3CF@noao.edu> Cc: Rob Seaman From: Rob Seaman Subject: More obscure analogies Date: Mon, 6 Jun 2005 23:45:46 -0700 To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.730) X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.6.46 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: --Apple-Mail-1-233109344 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; delsp=yes; format=flowed On Jun 6, 2005, at 4:28 PM, Bernard Vatant wrote: > Cool. I love recursive definitions :) That one is certainly > operational - fit for everyday life affairs. But to provide a > scientific definition of human kind as a species, forget it, it's > easily broken ... Actually, I think it is fairly close to what would be regarded as the current "scientific definition". More to the point, it isn't clear that "everyday" and "scientific" definitions are, or should be, different. Certainly complexity of expression doesn't equal depth of understanding. > I would be happy to trace my ancestors back to, say, 200 millions > years ago, and meet them one by one - just to check the humanity > breaking point But evolution contains the context for addressing these issues, too. Our most recent common ancestor with chimpanzees was something like seven million years ago. See Richard Dawkins' fabulous "Ancestor's Tale". > ... Not to mention my descendents 200 millions years from now It may indeed be impossible to describe entities that do not yet exist. > "When in Earth history did humanity begin?" is a question exactly > similar to : "When in Universe history did galaxies appear"? Well, no. The underlying "equations of state", if you will, are very different. Galactic evolution is evolution in name only. You've already pointed out the chicken and egg problem for biological entities. Life is a rich binary tree of cousins - many branch points, many "buds". Galaxies were always galaxies. Before that, they were only proto-galaxies. Our non-human ancestors had their own identities - they were never "proto-humans". One would be more correct to compare the first galaxies to the appearance of the first eukaryotic cell, perhaps - but even then the complexity of the web of life is both greater (in variety) and less (in the knowledge compression of evolutionary genetics) than that of "mere" astronomy. > a species is still something very difficult to define, and hard to > observe. I won't elaborate on the details here, but I had an > interesting breakfast with a botanist a while ago, which definitely > destroyed in my mind the notion of any "objective" definition of > what a species is ... It may not be surprising that the taxonomy of Linnaeus may need tweeking after 250 years. The notion of a species is quite different - perhaps nonexistent - for entities that reproduce asexually. See http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/map2.html. > "Undecidable" was not adequate a word, I agree, if you read it in > its strict logical sense. I mean you can chose any arbitrary limit, > like geographs do for the classification of cities, by setting > arbitrary population thresholds ... But "city" is an arbitrary notion. "Human" and "Galaxy" have intrinsic meaning, no matter how difficult to pin down. My original comments were specifically about the word "event". An event is not only an arbitrary notion - it is a whole constellation of arbitrary notions. Rob Seaman NOAO --Apple-Mail-1-233109344 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1
On Jun 6, 2005, at = 4:28 PM, Bernard Vatant wrote:

Cool. I love recursive definitions :)=A0=A0That one = is certainly operational - fit for everyday life affairs. But to provide = a=A0scientific definition of human kind as a species, forget it, it's = easily broken ...

Actually, I think it is fairly = close to what would be regarded as the current "scientific=A0definition".=A0= More to the point, it isn't clear that "everyday" and "scientific" = definitions=A0are, or should be, different.=A0 Certainly complexity of = expression doesn't equal depth of = understanding.

I would be happy to trace my ancestors back to, say, = 200 millions years ago, and meet them=A0one by one - just to check the = humanity breaking point

But evolution contains the = context for addressing these issues, too.=A0 Our most recent common = ancestor with chimpanzees was something like seven million years ago. = See Richard Dawkins' fabulous "Ancestor's Tale".

... Not to mention my = descendents=A0200 millions years from now

It may indeed be impossible to = describe entities that do not yet exist.

"When in Earth history did = humanity begin?"=A0is a question exactly similar to : "When in Universe = history did galaxies appear"?

Well, no.=A0 The underlying = "equations of state", if you will, are very different.=A0 Galactic = evolution is evolution in name only.=A0 You've already pointed out the = chicken and egg problem for biological entities.=A0 Life is a rich = binary tree of cousins - many branch points, many "buds".=A0 Galaxies = were always galaxies.=A0 Before that, they were only proto-galaxies. = =A0Our non-human ancestors had their own identities - they were never = "proto-humans". =A0One would be more correct to compare the first = galaxies to the appearance of the first eukaryotic cell, perhaps - but = even then the complexity of the web of life is both greater (in variety) = and less (in the knowledge compression of evolutionary genetics) than = that of "mere" astronomy.

a species is still something very=A0difficult to = define, and hard to observe. I won't elaborate on the details here, but = I had=A0an interesting breakfast with a botanist a while ago, which = definitely destroyed in my=A0mind the notion of any "objective" = definition of what a species is ...

It may not be surprising that the taxonomy of = Linnaeus may need tweeking after 250 years.=A0 The notion of a species = is quite different - perhaps nonexistent - for entities that reproduce = asexually.=A0 See=A0http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/m= ap2.html.

"Undecidable" was not adequate a word, I agree, if = you read it in its strict logical=A0sense. I mean you can chose any = arbitrary limit, like geographs do for the classification=A0of cities, = by setting arbitrary population thresholds = ...

But "city" is an arbitrary = notion.=A0 "Human" and "Galaxy" have intrinsic meaning, no matter how = difficult to pin down.=A0 My original comments were specifically about = the word "event".=A0 An event is not only an arbitrary notion - it is a = whole constellation of arbitrary notions.

Rob = Seaman
NOAO
= --Apple-Mail-1-233109344-- From owner-semantics@eso.org Tue Jun 7 11:40:54 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j579ecAR017850 for ; Tue, 7 Jun 2005 11:40:38 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j579ecUP017848 for semantics-outgoing; Tue, 7 Jun 2005 11:40:38 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from rocky.hq.eso.org (rocky.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.43]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j579eXAR017836 for ; Tue, 7 Jun 2005 11:40:33 +0200 (MEST) Received: from apollo.le.ac.uk (ntp2b.le.ac.uk [143.210.16.125]) by rocky.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j579eVXW025852 for ; Tue, 7 Jun 2005 11:40:31 +0200 (CEST) Message-Id: <200506070940.j579eVXW025852@rocky.hq.eso.org> Received: from [143.210.36.14] (helo=marindi) by apollo.le.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 4.44) id 1DfaZO-0000GD-5L for semantics@ivoa.net; Tue, 07 Jun 2005 10:40:26 +0100 From: "Tony Linde" To: Subject: RE: More obscure analogies Date: Tue, 7 Jun 2005 10:40:26 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0013_01C56B4D.50E78090" X-Mailer: Microsoft Office Outlook, Build 11.0.6353 In-Reply-To: <285B1E71-A7B4-4385-B911-1BDFD0A7C3CF@noao.edu> X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2527 Thread-Index: AcVrLM/c08sBvbMvR7K9C8XX/v1EywAF4dLA X-UoL-Id: 61809655b7bfac13259759bbc6a9431a@1DfaZO-0000GD-5L@apollo.le.ac.uk X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.7.2 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0013_01C56B4D.50E78090 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Maybe we should rename this group the 'VO Philosophy' IG? :) <> Surely, from the sem.ig point of view, we need to focus on what the voevent ontology will be *used* for and then look at the entities and relationships we need to define for that. Let's keep things simple and focussed to start with and then evolve (sexually and asexually) the ontologies as new applications or needs arise. Do we have any use cases for a voevent ontology? Cheers, Tony. _____ From: owner-semantics@eso.org [mailto:owner-semantics@eso.org] On Behalf Of Rob Seaman Sent: 07 June 2005 07:46 To: semantics@ivoa.net Cc: Rob Seaman Subject: More obscure analogies On Jun 6, 2005, at 4:28 PM, Bernard Vatant wrote: Cool. I love recursive definitions :) That one is certainly operational - fit for everyday life affairs. But to provide a scientific definition of human kind as a species, forget it, it's easily broken ... Actually, I think it is fairly close to what would be regarded as the current "scientific definition". More to the point, it isn't clear that "everyday" and "scientific" definitions are, or should be, different. Certainly complexity of expression doesn't equal depth of understanding. I would be happy to trace my ancestors back to, say, 200 millions years ago, and meet them one by one - just to check the humanity breaking point But evolution contains the context for addressing these issues, too. Our most recent common ancestor with chimpanzees was something like seven million years ago. See Richard Dawkins' fabulous "Ancestor's Tale". ... Not to mention my descendents 200 millions years from now It may indeed be impossible to describe entities that do not yet exist. "When in Earth history did humanity begin?" is a question exactly similar to : "When in Universe history did galaxies appear"? Well, no. The underlying "equations of state", if you will, are very different. Galactic evolution is evolution in name only. You've already pointed out the chicken and egg problem for biological entities. Life is a rich binary tree of cousins - many branch points, many "buds". Galaxies were always galaxies. Before that, they were only proto-galaxies. Our non-human ancestors had their own identities - they were never "proto-humans". One would be more correct to compare the first galaxies to the appearance of the first eukaryotic cell, perhaps - but even then the complexity of the web of life is both greater (in variety) and less (in the knowledge compression of evolutionary genetics) than that of "mere" astronomy. a species is still something very difficult to define, and hard to observe. I won't elaborate on the details here, but I had an interesting breakfast with a botanist a while ago, which definitely destroyed in my mind the notion of any "objective" definition of what a species is ... It may not be surprising that the taxonomy of Linnaeus may need tweeking after 250 years. The notion of a species is quite different - perhaps nonexistent - for entities that reproduce asexually. See http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/map2.html. "Undecidable" was not adequate a word, I agree, if you read it in its strict logical sense. I mean you can chose any arbitrary limit, like geographs do for the classification of cities, by setting arbitrary population thresholds ... But "city" is an arbitrary notion. "Human" and "Galaxy" have intrinsic meaning, no matter how difficult to pin down. My original comments were specifically about the word "event". An event is not only an arbitrary notion - it is a whole constellation of arbitrary notions. Rob Seaman NOAO ------=_NextPart_000_0013_01C56B4D.50E78090 Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Maybe we should rename this group the 'VO = Philosophy' IG?=20 :)
 
<<My original comments were specifically about the word "event". = An event=20 is not only an arbitrary notion - it is a whole constellation of = arbitrary=20 notions.>>
 
Surely, from the sem.ig point of view, we need = to focus on=20 what the voevent ontology will be *used* for and then look at the = entities and=20 relationships we need to define for that. Let's keep things simple and = focussed=20 to start with and then evolve (sexually and asexually) the = ontologies as=20 new applications or needs arise.
 
Do we have any use cases for a voevent=20 ontology?
 
Cheers,
Tony.

From: owner-semantics@eso.org=20 [mailto:owner-semantics@eso.org] On Behalf Of Rob=20 Seaman
Sent: 07 June 2005 07:46
To:=20 semantics@ivoa.net
Cc: Rob Seaman
Subject: More = obscure=20 analogies

On Jun 6, 2005, at 4:28 PM, Bernard Vatant wrote:
Cool. I love recursive definitions :) = That one is=20 certainly operational - fit for everyday life affairs. But to = provide a=20 scientific definition of human kind as a species, forget it, it's = easily=20 broken ...

Actually, I think it is = fairly=20 close to what would be regarded as the current "scientific = definition". More=20 to the point, it isn't clear that "everyday" and "scientific" = definitions are,=20 or should be, different. Certainly complexity of expression doesn't = equal=20 depth of understanding.

I would be happy to trace my ancestors = back to,=20 say, 200 millions years ago, and meet them one by one - just to = check the=20 humanity breaking point

But evolution contains = the=20 context for addressing these issues, too. Our most recent common = ancestor with=20 chimpanzees was something like seven million years ago. See Richard = Dawkins'=20 fabulous "Ancestor's Tale".

... Not to mention my descendents 200 = millions=20 years from now

It may indeed be = impossible to=20 describe entities that do not yet exist.

"When in Earth history did humanity = begin?" is a=20 question exactly similar to : "When in Universe history did galaxies = appear"?

Well, no. The = underlying=20 "equations of state", if you will, are very different. Galactic = evolution is=20 evolution in name only. You've already pointed out the chicken and egg = problem=20 for biological entities. Life is a rich binary tree of cousins - many = branch=20 points, many "buds". Galaxies were always galaxies. Before that, they = were=20 only proto-galaxies. Our non-human ancestors had their own identities = - they=20 were never "proto-humans". One would be more correct to compare the = first=20 galaxies to the appearance of the first eukaryotic cell, perhaps - but = even=20 then the complexity of the web of life is both greater (in variety) = and less=20 (in the knowledge compression of evolutionary genetics) than that of = "mere"=20 astronomy.

a species is still something very = difficult to=20 define, and hard to observe. I won't elaborate on the details here, = but I=20 had an interesting breakfast with a botanist a while ago, which = definitely=20 destroyed in my mind the notion of any "objective" definition of = what a=20 species is ...

It may=20 not be surprising that the taxonomy of Linnaeus may need tweeking = after 250=20 years. The notion of a species is quite different - perhaps = nonexistent - for=20 entities that reproduce asexually. See http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/= map2.html.
"Undecidable" was not adequate a word, I = agree, if=20 you read it in its strict logical sense. I mean you can chose any = arbitrary=20 limit, like geographs do for the classification of cities, by = setting=20 arbitrary population thresholds ...
But "city" is an = arbitrary=20 notion. "Human" and "Galaxy" have intrinsic meaning, no matter how = difficult=20 to pin down. My original comments were specifically about the word = "event". An=20 event is not only an arbitrary notion - it is a whole constellation of = arbitrary notions.

Rob = Seaman
NOAO
------=_NextPart_000_0013_01C56B4D.50E78090-- From owner-semantics@eso.org Tue Jun 7 12:21:49 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j57ALcAR024959 for ; Tue, 7 Jun 2005 12:21:39 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j57ALcC7024958 for semantics-outgoing; Tue, 7 Jun 2005 12:21:38 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from apollo.hq.eso.org (apollo.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.42]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j57ALYAR024940 for ; Tue, 7 Jun 2005 12:21:34 +0200 (MEST) Received: from msslty.mssl.ucl.ac.uk (msslty.mssl.ucl.ac.uk [128.40.71.164]) by apollo.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j57ALW73004763 for ; Tue, 7 Jun 2005 12:21:33 +0200 (CEST) Received: from msslta.mssl.ucl.ac.uk (msslta.mssl.ucl.ac.uk [128.40.71.124]) by msslty.mssl.ucl.ac.uk (8.12.10/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j57ALMs1009661 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) for ; Tue, 7 Jun 2005 11:21:22 +0100 Date: Tue, 7 Jun 2005 11:21:22 +0100 (BST) From: Elizabeth Auden To: semantics@ivoa.net Subject: VOEvent ontology use cases In-Reply-To: <200506070940.j579eVXW025852@rocky.hq.eso.org> Message-ID: References: <200506070940.j579eVXW025852@rocky.hq.eso.org> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed X-MSSL-MailScanner-Information: Please contact the ISP for more information X-MSSL-MailScanner: No virus found X-MSSL-MailScanner-SpamCheck: not spam, SpamAssassin (score=-4.9, required 5, BAYES_00 -4.90) X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.7.5 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: > Do we have any use cases for a voevent ontology? The one I was thinking of at the VOTech DS5 meeting in Leicester this past February is to first build a plausible VOEvent ontology and then construct a software agent that could be released against a set of test datasets to see if the ontology can be used to identify events and chuck them into a catalogue. The specific case I would like to implement will look at a month's worth of TRACE or SOHO CDS / MDI / EIT and see if the ontology / agent combination can identify solar flares. Before anyone asks, no, at the moment I don't have a clue how to do this. :) However, the Gene Ontology group seems to be using their ontology to do a similar (ish) kind of thing - gene samples can be analyzed in conjunction with the Gene Ontology to see what components, functions, and larger gene-groups any given gene in the sample has. If anyone is interested in reading more about this, there are many links to research, papers, and software from http://www.geneontology.org. cheers, Elizabeth From owner-semantics@eso.org Tue Jun 7 14:21:36 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j57CLMAR012452 for ; Tue, 7 Jun 2005 14:21:22 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j57CLMJ0012451 for semantics-outgoing; Tue, 7 Jun 2005 14:21:22 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from apollo.hq.eso.org (apollo.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.42]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j57CLGAR012438 for ; Tue, 7 Jun 2005 14:21:17 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mail07c.vwh1.net (mail07c.vwh1.net [131.103.218.143]) by apollo.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with SMTP id j57CLE73009132 for ; Tue, 7 Jun 2005 14:21:14 +0200 (CEST) Received: from www.mondeca.com (207.158.249.10) by mail07c.vwh1.net (RS ver 1.0.95vs) with SMTP id 2-1441716862 for ; Tue, 7 Jun 2005 08:21:06 -0400 (EDT) From: "Bernard Vatant" To: Subject: Back to focus RE: More obscure analogies Date: Tue, 7 Jun 2005 14:21:02 +0200 Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0) X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2180 In-Reply-To: <200506070940.j579eVXW025852@rocky.hq.eso.org> Importance: Normal X-Loop-Detect: 1 X-DistLoop-Detect: 1 X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.0.3.1, Antispam-Data: 2005.6.7.9 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Tony > Maybe we should rename this group the 'VO Philosophy' IG? :) Count me out ... seriously I apologize for having contributing to lead the debate astray. For my defense : I was not alone :)) > We need to focus on what the voevent ontology will be *used* for > and then look at the entities and relationships we need to define for that. Agreed - the rest of this message tries to be re-focused on technical stuff Out of all recent brainstorming, I guess there is some sort of agreement on the following needed entities. First independently of the VOEvent data format, which is the support for information exchange about those entities. - "Data Packet" : Set of data gathered under some identified, homogeneous conditions, including instrumentation, experimental protocol, team, format of data, date/location ... Seems that each VOEvent includes at least one Data Packet (not sure if it's exactly one, or one or more). - "Interpretation" : Assertion of a n-ary relationship between One or more Data Packet One or more associated Event One or more associated Object One or more Hypothesis One or more Author Cardinalities are open to discussion ... Interpretation has an unique ID More properties can be added, like "Quality", and an open list of relationships with other interpretations such as consistentWith, inconsistentWith, supportedBy, validatedBy, refutedBy ... - "Event" : More or less transient phenomenum (limited interval of time), defined in a space-time framework. Event has an unique ID and at most one asserted type. Event types are defined and maintained in specific vocabularies by relevant authorities, or as subclasses of "Event" (two options worth considering). Example : GRB, SN, Solar Flare, Star Crisis ... - "Object" : More or less permanent space-like entity Object has an unique ID and at most one asserted type. Same remarks as for "Event". Example : Planet, Star, Galaxy ... Note that since "Event" and "Object" have a proper life and identity, new Interpretation can be added at any time to the same Event, using the same or other Data Packet. Different Interpretation can link the same Data Packet to different Events or Objects, and associate the same Event to different Object, different Hypothesis, etc So this kind of model will support the following kind of queries : - Find hypothesis about an event X, matching data collected by instrument Y, using format Z ... - Find events of type A associated with an object O ... - Find all Interpretation of Data Packet D, where associated object is O ... - Find all Interpretation associated with event X, consistentWith, or inconsistentWith, Interpretation I. Note that for the last one, certainly the most interesting use case, the result of the query may use declared inconsistencies or inferred ones (based on e.g. conflicting associated object or event type). And so on. Now the question is to clarify which type of entity, and how many of them is/are attached to a single VOEvent (defined here as an XML document). I would tend to think that a VOEvent corresponds exactly to one Interpretation. That sounds too good to be true. What do you think? Bernard -----Message d'origine----- De : owner-semantics@eso.org [mailto:owner-semantics@eso.org]De la part de Tony Linde Envoye : mardi 7 juin 2005 11:40 A : semantics@ivoa.net Objet : RE: More obscure analogies Maybe we should rename this group the 'VO Philosophy' IG? :) <> Surely, from the sem.ig point of view, we need to focus on what the voevent ontology will be *used* for and then look at the entities and relationships we need to define for that. Let's keep things simple and focussed to start with and then evolve (sexually and asexually) the ontologies as new applications or needs arise. Do we have any use cases for a voevent ontology? Cheers, Tony. From: owner-semantics@eso.org [mailto:owner-semantics@eso.org] On Behalf Of Rob Seaman Sent: 07 June 2005 07:46 To: semantics@ivoa.net Cc: Rob Seaman Subject: More obscure analogies On Jun 6, 2005, at 4:28 PM, Bernard Vatant wrote: Cool. I love recursive definitions :) That one is certainly operational - fit for everyday life affairs. But to provide a scientific definition of human kind as a species, forget it, it's easily broken ... Actually, I think it is fairly close to what would be regarded as the current "scientific definition". More to the point, it isn't clear that "everyday" and "scientific" definitions are, or should be, different. Certainly complexity of expression doesn't equal depth of understanding. I would be happy to trace my ancestors back to, say, 200 millions years ago, and meet them one by one - just to check the humanity breaking point But evolution contains the context for addressing these issues, too. Our most recent common ancestor with chimpanzees was something like seven million years ago. See Richard Dawkins' fabulous "Ancestor's Tale". ... Not to mention my descendents 200 millions years from now It may indeed be impossible to describe entities that do not yet exist. "When in Earth history did humanity begin?" is a question exactly similar to : "When in Universe history did galaxies appear"? Well, no. The underlying "equations of state", if you will, are very different. Galactic evolution is evolution in name only. You've already pointed out the chicken and egg problem for biological entities. Life is a rich binary tree of cousins - many branch points, many "buds". Galaxies were always galaxies. Before that, they were only proto-galaxies. Our non-human ancestors had their own identities - they were never "proto-humans". One would be more correct to compare the first galaxies to the appearance of the first eukaryotic cell, perhaps - but even then the complexity of the web of life is both greater (in variety) and less (in the knowledge compression of evolutionary genetics) than that of "mere" astronomy. a species is still something very difficult to define, and hard to observe. I won't elaborate on the details here, but I had an interesting breakfast with a botanist a while ago, which definitely destroyed in my mind the notion of any "objective" definition of what a species is ... It may not be surprising that the taxonomy of Linnaeus may need tweeking after 250 years. The notion of a species is quite different - perhaps nonexistent - for entities that reproduce asexually. See http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/map2.html. "Undecidable" was not adequate a word, I agree, if you read it in its strict logical sense. I mean you can chose any arbitrary limit, like geographs do for the classification of cities, by setting arbitrary population thresholds ... But "city" is an arbitrary notion. "Human" and "Galaxy" have intrinsic meaning, no matter how difficult to pin down. My original comments were specifically about the word "event". An event is not only an arbitrary notion - it is a whole constellation of arbitrary notions. Rob Seaman NOAO From owner-semantics@eso.org Fri Oct 21 10:21:32 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j9L8LH8T013431 for ; Fri, 21 Oct 2005 10:21:17 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j9L8LH93013430 for semantics-outgoing; Fri, 21 Oct 2005 10:21:17 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from rocky.hq.eso.org (rocky.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.43]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j9L8LA8T013412 for ; Fri, 21 Oct 2005 10:21:10 +0200 (MEST) Received: from artemis.le.ac.uk (artemis.le.ac.uk [143.210.4.129]) by rocky.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j9L8L8Zq021843 for ; Fri, 21 Oct 2005 10:21:08 +0200 (CEST) Received: from [143.210.36.14] (helo=marindi) by artemis.le.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 4.44) id 1ESs98-0004XI-Lj for semantics@ivoa.net; Fri, 21 Oct 2005 09:21:02 +0100 From: "Tony Linde" To: "Semantics" Subject: SKOS Date: Fri, 21 Oct 2005 09:21:01 +0100 Message-ID: <001e01c5d618$5f2979c0$0a01a8c0@marindi> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Microsoft Office Outlook 11 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2527 Thread-Index: AcXWGF68J+kh+KMkQ1ej5fALKiinoA== X-UoL-Id: b690bbfe78d3c6f99a39b6b2b47102da@1ESs98-0004XI-Lj@artemis.le.ac.uk X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.1.0.0, Antispam-Data: 2005.10.21.0 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Some info about SKOS, 'a model for expressing knowledge organization systems in a machine-understandable way, within the framework of the Semantic Web.' http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/ http://www.xml.com/lpt/a/2005/06/22/skos.html __ Tony Linde Phone: +44 (0)116 223 1292 Mobile: +44 (0)7753 603356 Fax: +44 (0)116 252 3311 Email: Tony.Linde@leicester.ac.uk Post: Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Leicester Leicester, UK LE1 7RH Web: http://www.star.le.ac.uk/~ael Project Manager, EuroVO VOTech http://eurovotech.org Programme Manager, AstroGrid http://www.astrogrid.org From owner-semantics@eso.org Mon Oct 24 10:20:48 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j9O8KThO015284 for ; Mon, 24 Oct 2005 10:20:29 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id j9O8KTeY015283 for semantics-outgoing; Mon, 24 Oct 2005 10:20:29 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from rocky.hq.eso.org (rocky.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.43]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id j9O8KOhO015252 for ; Mon, 24 Oct 2005 10:20:24 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mail07b.vwh1.net (mail07b.vwh1.net [131.103.218.112]) by rocky.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with SMTP id j9O8KKZq013495 for ; Mon, 24 Oct 2005 10:20:21 +0200 (CEST) Received: from mx01.bcrtfl01.us.mxservers.net (131.103.218.130) by mail07b.vwh1.net (RS ver 1.0.95vs) with SMTP id 3-0814812013 for ; Mon, 24 Oct 2005 04:20:14 -0400 (EDT) Received: from www.mondeca.com [207.158.249.10] (HELO CACHOU) by mx01.bcrtfl01.us.mxservers.net (mxl_mta-1.3.8-10p4) with SMTP id d399c534.13583.392.mx01.bcrtfl01.us.mxservers.net; Mon, 24 Oct 2005 04:20:13 -0400 (EDT) From: "Bernard Vatant" To: Subject: RE: SKOS Date: Mon, 24 Oct 2005 10:20:04 +0200 Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0) In-Reply-To: <001e01c5d618$5f2979c0$0a01a8c0@marindi> X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2180 Importance: Normal X-Spam: [F=0.0100000000; heur=0.500(-12400); stat=0.010; spamtraq-heur=0.500(2005102301)] X-MAIL-FROM: X-SOURCE-IP: [207.158.249.10] X-Loop-Detect: 1 X-DistLoop-Detect: 1 X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.1.0.0, Antispam-Data: 2005.10.24.1 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Tony Being involved in the development of SKOS and always eager to find out use cases, I'm curious to know which kind of application (if any) people here envision for SKOS in the IVOA framework. I imagine it would be relevant e.g. to have a SKOS expression of UCDs, but apart from the sheer interest of the academic exercise, do you think it would fit e.g. in the "feasability study" defined at http://wiki.eurovotech.org/bin/view/VOTech/ResourceDiscovery? Given the mitigated success (to say the least) of my interventions in last June exchanges about ontologies in IVOA, I'm very reluctant to push any specific suggestions here :)) But actually SKOS certainly seems to me a better candidate than OWL to push Semantic Web languages into IVOA framework, and if there is any further interest in it, I would be happy to help with any effort in this direction. Please feel free to jump in the SKOS forum. Archives at http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-esw-thes/ to bring any relevant feedback about usability, or lack of usability of SKOS, or any specific requirments. Thanks for your interest Bernard ---------------------------------- Bernard Vatant Mondeca Knowledge Engineering bernard.vatant@mondeca.com (+33) 0871 488 459 http://www.mondeca.com http://universimmedia.blogspot.com ---------------------------------- > -----Message d'origine----- > De : owner-semantics@eso.org [mailto:owner-semantics@eso.org]De la part > de Tony Linde > Envoye : vendredi 21 octobre 2005 10:21 > A : Semantics > Objet : SKOS > > > Some info about SKOS, 'a model for expressing knowledge organization systems > in a machine-understandable way, within the framework of the Semantic Web.' > > http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/ > http://www.xml.com/lpt/a/2005/06/22/skos.html > > __ > Tony Linde > Phone: +44 (0)116 223 1292 Mobile: +44 (0)7753 603356 > Fax: +44 (0)116 252 3311 Email: Tony.Linde@leicester.ac.uk > Post: Department of Physics & Astronomy, > University of Leicester > Leicester, UK LE1 7RH > Web: http://www.star.le.ac.uk/~ael > > Project Manager, EuroVO VOTech http://eurovotech.org > Programme Manager, AstroGrid http://www.astrogrid.org > From owner-semantics@eso.org Mon Nov 14 12:24:44 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jAEBOTWF014444 for ; Mon, 14 Nov 2005 12:24:29 +0100 (MET) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id jAEBOThP014443 for semantics-outgoing; Mon, 14 Nov 2005 12:24:29 +0100 (MET) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from apollo.hq.eso.org (apollo.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.42]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jAEBONWF014384 for ; Mon, 14 Nov 2005 12:24:23 +0100 (MET) Received: from artemis.le.ac.uk (artemis.le.ac.uk [143.210.4.129]) by apollo.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jAEBOLe4002198 for ; Mon, 14 Nov 2005 12:24:22 +0100 (CET) Received: from [143.210.36.14] (helo=marindi) by artemis.le.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 4.44) id 1EbcRb-0003iI-SY for semantics@ivoa.net; Mon, 14 Nov 2005 11:24:16 +0000 From: "Tony Linde" To: "Semantics" Subject: ISWC 2005 Date: Mon, 14 Nov 2005 11:24:15 -0000 Message-ID: <000e01c5e90d$f24ee2f0$0c01a8c0@marindi> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Microsoft Office Outlook 11 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2527 Thread-Index: AcXpDfII0eFZSINQR0WQd+3aG58zSg== X-UoL-Id: eff4df75350edd602daad9cb82630e17@1EbcRb-0003iI-SY@artemis.le.ac.uk X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.1.0.0, Antispam-Data: 2005.11.14.4 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: I attended the ISWC 2005 conference last week, along with Norman Gray, an old-hand in the IVOA but a new AstroGrid hire to the EuroVO VOTech project (working on DS5: Intelligent Resource Discovery). It was a very useful and informative conference - one with a higher ratio of relevant papers than any other I've attended on any matter. For anyone interested I've posted all of the notes I took during the conference on the VOTech wiki at: http://wiki.eurovotech.org/bin/view/VOTech/ISWC2005 They're in .doc format (transcribed from OneNote) and necessarily abbreviated and rushed but I'm hoping to go through them and add wiki notes on what I thought most relevant to VOTech and the VObs about each talk - this may take some time :) If anyone has any questions, feel free to contact me. Cheers, Tony. __ Tony Linde Phone: +44 (0)116 223 1292 Mobile: +44 (0)7753 603356 Fax: +44 (0)116 252 3311 Email: Tony.Linde@leicester.ac.uk Post: Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Leicester Leicester, UK LE1 7RH Web: http://www.star.le.ac.uk/~ael Project Manager, EuroVO VOTech http://eurovotech.org Programme Manager, AstroGrid http://www.astrogrid.org From owner-semantics@eso.org Mon Nov 14 12:58:31 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jAEBwEWF021193 for ; Mon, 14 Nov 2005 12:58:14 +0100 (MET) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id jAEBwEvF021190 for semantics-outgoing; Mon, 14 Nov 2005 12:58:14 +0100 (MET) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from rocky.hq.eso.org (rocky.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.43]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jAEBw9WF021175 for ; Mon, 14 Nov 2005 12:58:09 +0100 (MET) Received: from artemis.le.ac.uk (artemis.le.ac.uk [143.210.4.129]) by rocky.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jAEBw7Zq019609 for ; Mon, 14 Nov 2005 12:58:07 +0100 (CET) Received: from [143.210.36.14] (helo=marindi) by artemis.le.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 4.44) id 1EbcyH-0005YI-0v for semantics@ivoa.net; Mon, 14 Nov 2005 11:58:01 +0000 From: "Tony Linde" To: Subject: RE: SKOS Date: Mon, 14 Nov 2005 11:58:00 -0000 Message-ID: <000f01c5e912$a95859f0$0c01a8c0@marindi> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" X-Mailer: Microsoft Office Outlook 11 In-Reply-To: X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2527 Thread-Index: AcXYdA5wDqN3fAwBTfiYrEMER6QBqAQnWS1Q X-UoL-Id: 7942df76011e72e404b585f14e4f2638@1EbcyH-0005YI-0v@artemis.le.ac.uk X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.1.0.0, Antispam-Data: 2005.11.14.6 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by mercury.hq.eso.org id jAEBwDWF021180 Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Hi Bernard, It might well be useful in VOTech but I'm not sure we've time to evaluate it at this stage - perhaps later on. If anyone does intend to evaluate it, the following might be useful: http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/WD-swbp-thesaurus-pubguide-20050517/ (Quick Guide to Publishing a Thesaurus on the Semantic Web) Perhaps trying to convert the IAU Thesaurus to RDF using SKOS might be useful. Are there any tools for creating SKOS documents, like Protégé for OWL? Cheers, Tony. > -----Original Message----- > From: owner-semantics@eso.org > [mailto:owner-semantics@eso.org] On Behalf Of Bernard Vatant > Sent: 24 October 2005 09:20 > To: semantics@ivoa.net > Subject: RE: SKOS > > > Tony > > Being involved in the development of SKOS and always eager to > find out use cases, I'm curious to know which kind of > application (if any) people here envision for SKOS in the > IVOA framework. I imagine it would be relevant e.g. to have a > SKOS expression of UCDs, but apart from the sheer interest of > the academic exercise, do you think it would fit e.g. in the > "feasability study" defined at > http://wiki.eurovotech.org/bin/view/VOTech/ResourceDiscovery? > > Given the mitigated success (to say the least) of my > interventions in last June exchanges about ontologies in > IVOA, I'm very reluctant to push any specific suggestions > here :)) But actually SKOS certainly seems to me a better > candidate than OWL to push Semantic Web languages into IVOA > framework, and if there is any further interest in it, I > would be happy to help with any effort in this direction. > > Please feel free to jump in the SKOS forum. Archives at > http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-esw-thes/ > to bring any relevant feedback about usability, or lack of > usability of SKOS, or any specific requirments. > > Thanks for your interest > > Bernard > > ---------------------------------- > Bernard Vatant > Mondeca Knowledge Engineering > bernard.vatant@mondeca.com > (+33) 0871 488 459 > > http://www.mondeca.com > http://universimmedia.blogspot.com > ---------------------------------- > > > -----Message d'origine----- > > De : owner-semantics@eso.org [mailto:owner-semantics@eso.org]De la > > part de Tony Linde Envoye : vendredi 21 octobre 2005 10:21 A : > > Semantics Objet : SKOS > > > > > > Some info about SKOS, 'a model for expressing knowledge > organization systems > > in a machine-understandable way, within the framework of > the Semantic Web.' > > > > http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/ > > http://www.xml.com/lpt/a/2005/06/22/skos.html > > > > __ > > Tony Linde > > Phone: +44 (0)116 223 1292 Mobile: +44 (0)7753 603356 > > Fax: +44 (0)116 252 3311 Email: Tony.Linde@leicester.ac.uk > > Post: Department of Physics & Astronomy, > > University of Leicester > > Leicester, UK LE1 7RH > > Web: http://www.star.le.ac.uk/~ael > > > > Project Manager, EuroVO VOTech http://eurovotech.org > > Programme Manager, AstroGrid http://www.astrogrid.org > > > > > From owner-semantics@eso.org Mon Nov 14 16:19:53 2005 Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jAEFJbWF001085 for ; Mon, 14 Nov 2005 16:19:37 +0100 (MET) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id jAEFJbLm001084 for semantics-outgoing; Mon, 14 Nov 2005 16:19:37 +0100 (MET) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from rocky.hq.eso.org (rocky.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.43]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jAEFJTWF001059 for ; Mon, 14 Nov 2005 16:19:29 +0100 (MET) Received: from mail07c.vwh1.net (mail07c.vwh1.net [131.103.218.143]) by rocky.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with SMTP id jAEFJQZq028908 for ; Mon, 14 Nov 2005 16:19:26 +0100 (CET) Received: from mx12.bcrtfl01.us.mxservers.net (131.103.218.165) by mail07c.vwh1.net (RS ver 1.0.95vs) with SMTP id 2-0984551557 for ; Mon, 14 Nov 2005 10:19:19 -0500 (EST) Received: from www.mondeca.com [207.158.249.10] (HELO CACHOU) by mx12.bcrtfl01.us.mxservers.net (mxl_mta-1.3.8-10p4) with SMTP id 6faa8734.25325.038.mx12.bcrtfl01.us.mxservers.net; Mon, 14 Nov 2005 10:19:18 -0500 (EST) From: "Bernard Vatant" To: Subject: RE: SKOS Date: Mon, 14 Nov 2005 16:19:05 +0100 Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0) X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2180 In-Reply-To: <000f01c5e912$a95859f0$0c01a8c0@marindi> Importance: Normal X-Spam: [F=0.0043103448; heur=0.500(-13000); stat=0.010; spamtraq-heur=0.300(2005110408)] X-MAIL-FROM: X-SOURCE-IP: [207.158.249.10] X-Loop-Detect: 1 X-DistLoop-Detect: 1 X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.1.0.0, Antispam-Data: 2005.11.14.12 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mozilla-Status: 8011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Hi Tony > It might well be useful in VOTech but I'm not sure we've time to evaluate it > at this stage - perhaps later on. OK > If anyone does intend to evaluate it, the following might be useful: > http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/WD-swbp-thesaurus-pubguide-20050517/ > (Quick Guide to Publishing a Thesaurus on the Semantic Web) This is basically a short introduction on how to use SKOS for migration of Thesaurus to the Semantic Web. Also relevant is the work of the Vocabulary Management Task Force. http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/BestPractices/VM/ > Perhaps trying to convert the IAU Thesaurus to RDF using SKOS might be > useful. Why not, at least as a proof of concept. Is that the Thesaurus at http://msowww.anu.edu.au/library/thesaurus/? And in this case, is it downloadable somewhere in any electronic format? > Are there any tools for creating SKOS documents, like Protégé for OWL? No dedicated tools so far I'm afraid. The first SKOS vocabularies will be primarily built from migration of existing vocabularies in unameit formats. In such cases the best way is to figure out the target expression in SKOS, and run whatever ad hoc script on the original thesaurus, if it's correctly structured, to get an RDF/XML serialization in SKOS. This is something I could achieve, bandwidth permitting, if I can get hold of the original files, that is. :)) Maintaining the vocabulary afterwards will use any thesaurus management tools supporting a SKOS output, but such stuff is now on the horizon, not on the shelves. For example in Mondeca ITM we have a thesaurus management module, we are not able to export SKOS at the moment, but it's in the pipe. > Cheers, > Tony. Cheers Bernard ---------------------------------- Bernard Vatant Mondeca Knowledge Engineering bernard.vatant@mondeca.com (+33) 0871 488 459 http://www.mondeca.com http://universimmedia.blogspot.com ---------------------------------- > > -----Original Message----- > > From: owner-semantics@eso.org > > [mailto:owner-semantics@eso.org] On Behalf Of Bernard Vatant > > Sent: 24 October 2005 09:20 > > To: semantics@ivoa.net > > Subject: RE: SKOS > > > > > > Tony > > > > Being involved in the development of SKOS and always eager to > > find out use cases, I'm curious to know which kind of > > application (if any) people here envision for SKOS in the > > IVOA framework. I imagine it would be relevant e.g. to have a > > SKOS expression of UCDs, but apart from the sheer interest of > > the academic exercise, do you think it would fit e.g. in the > > "feasability study" defined at > > http://wiki.eurovotech.org/bin/view/VOTech/ResourceDiscovery? > > > > Given the mitigated success (to say the least) of my > > interventions in last June exchanges about ontologies in > > IVOA, I'm very reluctant to push any specific suggestions > > here :)) But actually SKOS certainly seems to me a better > > candidate than OWL to push Semantic Web languages into IVOA > > framework, and if there is any further interest in it, I > > would be happy to help with any effort in this direction. > > > > Please feel free to jump in the SKOS forum. Archives at > > http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-esw-thes/ > > to bring any relevant feedback about usability, or lack of > > usability of SKOS, or any specific requirments. > > > > Thanks for your interest > > > > Bernard > > > > ---------------------------------- > > Bernard Vatant > > Mondeca Knowledge Engineering > > bernard.vatant@mondeca.com > > (+33) 0871 488 459 > > > > http://www.mondeca.com > > http://universimmedia.blogspot.com > > ---------------------------------- > > > > > -----Message d'origine----- > > > De : owner-semantics@eso.org [mailto:owner-semantics@eso.org]De la > > > part de Tony Linde Envoye : vendredi 21 octobre 2005 10:21 A : > > > Semantics Objet : SKOS > > > > > > > > > Some info about SKOS, 'a model for expressing knowledge > > organization systems > > > in a machine-understandable way, within the framework of > > the Semantic Web.' > > > > > > http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/ > > > http://www.xml.com/lpt/a/2005/06/22/skos.html > > > > > > __ > > > Tony Linde > > > Phone: +44 (0)116 223 1292 Mobile: +44 (0)7753 603356 > > > Fax: +44 (0)116 252 3311 Email: Tony.Linde@leicester.ac.uk > > > Post: Department of Physics & Astronomy, > > > University of Leicester > > > Leicester, UK LE1 7RH > > > Web: http://www.star.le.ac.uk/~ael > > > > > > Project Manager, EuroVO VOTech http://eurovotech.org > > > Programme Manager, AstroGrid http://www.astrogrid.org > > > > > > > > > > > From owner-voevent@eso.org Thu Dec 1 18:24:41 2005 X-Mozilla-Status: 0011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jB1HOMfx029159 for ; Thu, 1 Dec 2005 18:24:22 +0100 (MET) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id jB1HOMRp029158 for voevent-outgoing; Thu, 1 Dec 2005 18:24:22 +0100 (MET) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-voevent@eso.org using -f Received: from rocky.hq.eso.org (rocky.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.43]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jB1HOGfx029147; Thu, 1 Dec 2005 18:24:16 +0100 (MET) Received: from noao.edu (noao.edu [140.252.1.54]) by rocky.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jB1HOCfm020681; Thu, 1 Dec 2005 18:24:13 +0100 (CET) X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.1.0 (2005-09-13) on noao.edu X-Spam-Level: X-Spam-Status: No, score=-4.9 required=4.5 tests=ALL_TRUSTED,AWL,BAYES_00 autolearn=ham version=3.1.0 X-TFF-CGPSA-Version: 1.4f1 X-TFF-CGPSA-Filter: Scanned Received: from [140.252.4.27] (account seaman [140.252.4.27] verified) by noao.edu (CommuniGate Pro SMTP 5.0.2) with ESMTPSA id 21975257; Thu, 01 Dec 2005 10:04:37 -0700 In-Reply-To: References: <7573af2b982bfbfa9a1e1527f636caf1@cacr.caltech.edu> Mime-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v746.2) Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; delsp=yes; format=flowed Message-Id: <85E8B01E-D234-4673-BA76-D35993631810@noao.edu> Cc: ucd@ivoa.net, semantics@ivoa.net, Doug Tody Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit From: Rob Seaman Subject: Re: VOConcepts paper Date: Thu, 1 Dec 2005 10:04:34 -0700 To: IVOA List VOEvent X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.746.2) X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.1.0.0, Antispam-Data: 2005.12.1.16 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-voevent@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: Rob Seaman Doug says: > The use-case identified in Madrid, which prompted the need for > standard > object type names was searching by object type in SSA. We want to be > able to do things like query for spectra where targetclass=QSO. I was > expecting to see a simple list of names like "star", "galaxy", "PN", > "QSO", "AGN", "GRB", etc., which is what I think users would like to > search for, but what we have instead are more UCD-like names such as > "process.variation.burst;em.gamma" which I guess indicates a GRB. The notion of project specific glossaries has come up before on the UCD forums, e.g., http://www.ivoa.net/forum/ucd/0506/0217.htm. There is a need for standardization in both simple names and in highly precise nomenclature. The hierarchical nature of UCDs is intended to address this. Does it? > I can see where it could be useful to specify more precisely what type > of object we have as the UCD approach suggested permits, but it would > also be useful to standardize the actual, simple acronyms commonly > used > by astronomers. Perhaps what we need are two lists, one for precise > characterisation of physical object types, another defining the > common, > standard acronym associated with such object types. This could be > done > by merely defining a standard list of acronyms for object types, and > assigning one to each of the object type UCDs, where appropriate. Two lists are only the start. The key to the success of UCDs now, and of ontologies later, will be the ease with which distinct, purpose specific, namespaces are supported. As Doug points out, some of those namespaces will contain acronyms/aliases/synonyms of others (a feature, not a bug), but this is not the only reason to instantiate multiple namespaces. A list of acronyms (nicknames might be another way to put it) represents a namespace that maps as a subset of another. One might also seek to partition a "master" list of UCDs (if such were possible) into non-overlapping disjoint sets. But the most interesting cases will be namespaces that overlap only partially for various historical or topic related reasons. Andrea's work on incorporating Rick's VOConcept list(s) into the standard IVOA UCD namespace is very welcome. But no matter how completely and precisely defined the list is now, it is inevitable that new nomenclature will evolve as the science evolves. The proposed mechanism for nominating and adopting new UCDs provides a medium to long latency solution for widely purposed names - that are also restricted in other ways, such as being deemed unique when adopted. But not all useful names are destined for wide adoption and not all projects can wait a minimum of several weeks before using them. Or invert the question. The VO will inevitably come into contact with prior astronomical art in different areas. For instance, the IAU, through bodies such as CBAT, has previously implemented glossaries for characterizing astronomical objects and processes. A successful strategy for the "virtualization" of such projects would be to adopt pre-existing nomenclature into project specific namespaces. (This may be the only successful strategy - the VO is not going to supplant the IAU.) It is precisely such baseline namespaces that will support the later evolution of a consensus understanding of the richly overlapping concepts. After all, isn't this precisely the way that UCDs were harvested from the literature? A related but orthogonal issue is versioning of namespaces (see, e.g., http://www.ivoa.net/forum/ucd/0510/0246.htm). Imagine a document (a VOEvent packet, for instance) that has been issued against a particular namespace at a particular time. The semantics of that document depend on the choice of UCDs (or other identifiers) that was made from the list as it existed previously. If the list of names is allowed to evolve without versioning, subsequent interpretation of the document will change. A document must be interpreted against the context of its creation to be understood properly. A historical document discussing a "supernova" may be talking about the same thing as current literature discussing "SN Ia". More to the point, a "spiral nebula" may later be completely reinterpreted as a "spiral galaxy". So, yes - SSA requires a broad list of simple names for categories of objects, and VOEvent requires a detailed list of precise categories of processes as well as of objects, but both of these are distinct from the original purpose of UCDs to tag tabular columns - and all future examples of these different types of lists need to be versioned. Static semantics are boring semantics. Rob seaman@noao.edu From owner-semantics@eso.org Thu Dec 1 18:24:47 2005 X-Mozilla-Status: 0011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jB1HOTfx029174 for ; Thu, 1 Dec 2005 18:24:29 +0100 (MET) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id jB1HOTvi029173 for semantics-outgoing; Thu, 1 Dec 2005 18:24:29 +0100 (MET) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from rocky.hq.eso.org (rocky.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.43]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jB1HOGfx029147; Thu, 1 Dec 2005 18:24:16 +0100 (MET) Received: from noao.edu (noao.edu [140.252.1.54]) by rocky.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jB1HOCfm020681; Thu, 1 Dec 2005 18:24:13 +0100 (CET) X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.1.0 (2005-09-13) on noao.edu X-Spam-Level: X-Spam-Status: No, score=-4.9 required=4.5 tests=ALL_TRUSTED,AWL,BAYES_00 autolearn=ham version=3.1.0 X-TFF-CGPSA-Version: 1.4f1 X-TFF-CGPSA-Filter: Scanned Received: from [140.252.4.27] (account seaman [140.252.4.27] verified) by noao.edu (CommuniGate Pro SMTP 5.0.2) with ESMTPSA id 21975257; Thu, 01 Dec 2005 10:04:37 -0700 In-Reply-To: References: <7573af2b982bfbfa9a1e1527f636caf1@cacr.caltech.edu> Mime-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v746.2) Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; delsp=yes; format=flowed Message-Id: <85E8B01E-D234-4673-BA76-D35993631810@noao.edu> Cc: ucd@ivoa.net, semantics@ivoa.net, Doug Tody Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit From: Rob Seaman Subject: Re: VOConcepts paper Date: Thu, 1 Dec 2005 10:04:34 -0700 To: IVOA List VOEvent X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.746.2) X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.1.0.0, Antispam-Data: 2005.12.1.16 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net Doug says: > The use-case identified in Madrid, which prompted the need for > standard > object type names was searching by object type in SSA. We want to be > able to do things like query for spectra where targetclass=QSO. I was > expecting to see a simple list of names like "star", "galaxy", "PN", > "QSO", "AGN", "GRB", etc., which is what I think users would like to > search for, but what we have instead are more UCD-like names such as > "process.variation.burst;em.gamma" which I guess indicates a GRB. The notion of project specific glossaries has come up before on the UCD forums, e.g., http://www.ivoa.net/forum/ucd/0506/0217.htm. There is a need for standardization in both simple names and in highly precise nomenclature. The hierarchical nature of UCDs is intended to address this. Does it? > I can see where it could be useful to specify more precisely what type > of object we have as the UCD approach suggested permits, but it would > also be useful to standardize the actual, simple acronyms commonly > used > by astronomers. Perhaps what we need are two lists, one for precise > characterisation of physical object types, another defining the > common, > standard acronym associated with such object types. This could be > done > by merely defining a standard list of acronyms for object types, and > assigning one to each of the object type UCDs, where appropriate. Two lists are only the start. The key to the success of UCDs now, and of ontologies later, will be the ease with which distinct, purpose specific, namespaces are supported. As Doug points out, some of those namespaces will contain acronyms/aliases/synonyms of others (a feature, not a bug), but this is not the only reason to instantiate multiple namespaces. A list of acronyms (nicknames might be another way to put it) represents a namespace that maps as a subset of another. One might also seek to partition a "master" list of UCDs (if such were possible) into non-overlapping disjoint sets. But the most interesting cases will be namespaces that overlap only partially for various historical or topic related reasons. Andrea's work on incorporating Rick's VOConcept list(s) into the standard IVOA UCD namespace is very welcome. But no matter how completely and precisely defined the list is now, it is inevitable that new nomenclature will evolve as the science evolves. The proposed mechanism for nominating and adopting new UCDs provides a medium to long latency solution for widely purposed names - that are also restricted in other ways, such as being deemed unique when adopted. But not all useful names are destined for wide adoption and not all projects can wait a minimum of several weeks before using them. Or invert the question. The VO will inevitably come into contact with prior astronomical art in different areas. For instance, the IAU, through bodies such as CBAT, has previously implemented glossaries for characterizing astronomical objects and processes. A successful strategy for the "virtualization" of such projects would be to adopt pre-existing nomenclature into project specific namespaces. (This may be the only successful strategy - the VO is not going to supplant the IAU.) It is precisely such baseline namespaces that will support the later evolution of a consensus understanding of the richly overlapping concepts. After all, isn't this precisely the way that UCDs were harvested from the literature? A related but orthogonal issue is versioning of namespaces (see, e.g., http://www.ivoa.net/forum/ucd/0510/0246.htm). Imagine a document (a VOEvent packet, for instance) that has been issued against a particular namespace at a particular time. The semantics of that document depend on the choice of UCDs (or other identifiers) that was made from the list as it existed previously. If the list of names is allowed to evolve without versioning, subsequent interpretation of the document will change. A document must be interpreted against the context of its creation to be understood properly. A historical document discussing a "supernova" may be talking about the same thing as current literature discussing "SN Ia". More to the point, a "spiral nebula" may later be completely reinterpreted as a "spiral galaxy". So, yes - SSA requires a broad list of simple names for categories of objects, and VOEvent requires a detailed list of precise categories of processes as well as of objects, but both of these are distinct from the original purpose of UCDs to tag tabular columns - and all future examples of these different types of lists need to be versioned. Static semantics are boring semantics. Rob seaman@noao.edu From owner-ucd@eso.org Thu Dec 1 18:24:51 2005 X-Mozilla-Status: 0011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jB1HOYfx029183 for ; Thu, 1 Dec 2005 18:24:34 +0100 (MET) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id jB1HOYjJ029182 for ucd-outgoing; Thu, 1 Dec 2005 18:24:34 +0100 (MET) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-ucd@eso.org using -f Received: from rocky.hq.eso.org (rocky.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.43]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jB1HOGfx029147; Thu, 1 Dec 2005 18:24:16 +0100 (MET) Received: from noao.edu (noao.edu [140.252.1.54]) by rocky.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jB1HOCfm020681; Thu, 1 Dec 2005 18:24:13 +0100 (CET) X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.1.0 (2005-09-13) on noao.edu X-Spam-Level: X-Spam-Status: No, score=-4.9 required=4.5 tests=ALL_TRUSTED,AWL,BAYES_00 autolearn=ham version=3.1.0 X-TFF-CGPSA-Version: 1.4f1 X-TFF-CGPSA-Filter: Scanned Received: from [140.252.4.27] (account seaman [140.252.4.27] verified) by noao.edu (CommuniGate Pro SMTP 5.0.2) with ESMTPSA id 21975257; Thu, 01 Dec 2005 10:04:37 -0700 In-Reply-To: References: <7573af2b982bfbfa9a1e1527f636caf1@cacr.caltech.edu> Mime-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v746.2) Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; delsp=yes; format=flowed Message-Id: <85E8B01E-D234-4673-BA76-D35993631810@noao.edu> Cc: ucd@ivoa.net, semantics@ivoa.net, Doug Tody Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit From: Rob Seaman Subject: Re: VOConcepts paper Date: Thu, 1 Dec 2005 10:04:34 -0700 To: IVOA List VOEvent X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.746.2) X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.1.0.0, Antispam-Data: 2005.12.1.16 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-ucd@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: ucd@ivoa.net Doug says: > The use-case identified in Madrid, which prompted the need for > standard > object type names was searching by object type in SSA. We want to be > able to do things like query for spectra where targetclass=QSO. I was > expecting to see a simple list of names like "star", "galaxy", "PN", > "QSO", "AGN", "GRB", etc., which is what I think users would like to > search for, but what we have instead are more UCD-like names such as > "process.variation.burst;em.gamma" which I guess indicates a GRB. The notion of project specific glossaries has come up before on the UCD forums, e.g., http://www.ivoa.net/forum/ucd/0506/0217.htm. There is a need for standardization in both simple names and in highly precise nomenclature. The hierarchical nature of UCDs is intended to address this. Does it? > I can see where it could be useful to specify more precisely what type > of object we have as the UCD approach suggested permits, but it would > also be useful to standardize the actual, simple acronyms commonly > used > by astronomers. Perhaps what we need are two lists, one for precise > characterisation of physical object types, another defining the > common, > standard acronym associated with such object types. This could be > done > by merely defining a standard list of acronyms for object types, and > assigning one to each of the object type UCDs, where appropriate. Two lists are only the start. The key to the success of UCDs now, and of ontologies later, will be the ease with which distinct, purpose specific, namespaces are supported. As Doug points out, some of those namespaces will contain acronyms/aliases/synonyms of others (a feature, not a bug), but this is not the only reason to instantiate multiple namespaces. A list of acronyms (nicknames might be another way to put it) represents a namespace that maps as a subset of another. One might also seek to partition a "master" list of UCDs (if such were possible) into non-overlapping disjoint sets. But the most interesting cases will be namespaces that overlap only partially for various historical or topic related reasons. Andrea's work on incorporating Rick's VOConcept list(s) into the standard IVOA UCD namespace is very welcome. But no matter how completely and precisely defined the list is now, it is inevitable that new nomenclature will evolve as the science evolves. The proposed mechanism for nominating and adopting new UCDs provides a medium to long latency solution for widely purposed names - that are also restricted in other ways, such as being deemed unique when adopted. But not all useful names are destined for wide adoption and not all projects can wait a minimum of several weeks before using them. Or invert the question. The VO will inevitably come into contact with prior astronomical art in different areas. For instance, the IAU, through bodies such as CBAT, has previously implemented glossaries for characterizing astronomical objects and processes. A successful strategy for the "virtualization" of such projects would be to adopt pre-existing nomenclature into project specific namespaces. (This may be the only successful strategy - the VO is not going to supplant the IAU.) It is precisely such baseline namespaces that will support the later evolution of a consensus understanding of the richly overlapping concepts. After all, isn't this precisely the way that UCDs were harvested from the literature? A related but orthogonal issue is versioning of namespaces (see, e.g., http://www.ivoa.net/forum/ucd/0510/0246.htm). Imagine a document (a VOEvent packet, for instance) that has been issued against a particular namespace at a particular time. The semantics of that document depend on the choice of UCDs (or other identifiers) that was made from the list as it existed previously. If the list of names is allowed to evolve without versioning, subsequent interpretation of the document will change. A document must be interpreted against the context of its creation to be understood properly. A historical document discussing a "supernova" may be talking about the same thing as current literature discussing "SN Ia". More to the point, a "spiral nebula" may later be completely reinterpreted as a "spiral galaxy". So, yes - SSA requires a broad list of simple names for categories of objects, and VOEvent requires a detailed list of precise categories of processes as well as of objects, but both of these are distinct from the original purpose of UCDs to tag tabular columns - and all future examples of these different types of lists need to be versioned. Static semantics are boring semantics. Rob seaman@noao.edu From owner-semantics@eso.org Sat Dec 3 21:32:03 2005 X-Mozilla-Status: 0001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jB3KV6CN018944 for ; Sat, 3 Dec 2005 21:31:07 +0100 (MET) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id jB3KV6PW018943 for semantics-outgoing; Sat, 3 Dec 2005 21:31:06 +0100 (MET) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from apollo.hq.eso.org (apollo.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.42]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jB3KUlCN018931 for ; Sat, 3 Dec 2005 21:31:02 +0100 (MET) Received: from othello.physics.gla.ac.uk (othello.physics.gla.ac.uk [130.209.204.200]) by apollo.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jB3KUcHA026121 for ; Sat, 3 Dec 2005 21:30:46 +0100 (CET) Received: from kronecker.demon.co.uk ([80.177.13.240] helo=[10.0.0.130]) by othello.physics.gla.ac.uk:587 with asmtp (TLS-1.0:RSA_ARCFOUR_SHA:16) (Exim 4.34) id 1Eie92-0006kT-Op; Sat, 03 Dec 2005 20:38:08 +0000 Mime-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v746.2) Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; delsp=yes; format=flowed Message-Id: <5B6F1253-866C-4384-A90A-3F408BE6B5D9@astro.gla.ac.uk> Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit From: Norman Gray Subject: Multi-conference report: VO and SW Date: Sat, 3 Dec 2005 20:30:23 +0000 To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.746.2) X-PHYSCI-Spam-Score: 0.0 (/) X-PHYSCI-Spam-Report: 0.0/5.0 X-Othello-SMTP: True X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.1.0.0, Antispam-Data: 2005.12.3.23 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net Folks, I was at a fair range of conferences this year. With the exception of the Kyoto interop, none were about the VO explicitly, but in all of them I found ideas or papers which seemed to bear directly on the VO's semantic challenges. I've put together an account of these four meetings, partly for my own benefit, to attempt to pull these various strands into a coherent whole, but also in the hope that the pointers will be useful to others. The notes started off as a rather compact summary but... grew. The notes are at . All comments and suggestions are most welcome -- enjoy. All the best, Norman -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---- Norman Gray / http://nxg.me.uk eurovotech.org / University of Leicester, UK From owner-semantics@eso.org Sun Dec 4 22:47:18 2005 X-Mozilla-Status: 0011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jB4Lki4k015166 for ; Sun, 4 Dec 2005 22:46:45 +0100 (MET) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id jB4Lki1m015165 for semantics-outgoing; Sun, 4 Dec 2005 22:46:44 +0100 (MET) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from apollo.hq.eso.org (apollo.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.42]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jB4Lke4k015161 for ; Sun, 4 Dec 2005 22:46:40 +0100 (MET) Received: from earth.astro.umd.edu (earth.astro.umd.edu [129.2.14.2]) by apollo.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jB4LkcHA010384 for ; Sun, 4 Dec 2005 22:46:39 +0100 (CET) Received: from [192.168.0.102] (pool-71-241-254-86.washdc.fios.verizon.net [71.241.254.86]) (using TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by earth.astro.umd.edu (Postfix) with ESMTP id F0E0410AC5 for ; Sun, 4 Dec 2005 16:46:32 -0500 (EST) Message-ID: <439363B8.1030903@gsfc.nasa.gov> Date: Sun, 04 Dec 2005 16:46:32 -0500 From: Ed Shaya User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.7.12) Gecko/20050915 X-Accept-Language: en-us, en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: semantics@ivoa.net Subject: Re: Multi-conference report: VO and SW References: <5B6F1253-866C-4384-A90A-3F408BE6B5D9@astro.gla.ac.uk> In-Reply-To: <5B6F1253-866C-4384-A90A-3F408BE6B5D9@astro.gla.ac.uk> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.1.0.0, Antispam-Data: 2005.12.4.24 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net Norman, Have you taken a look at the ontology that my group has put together? http://archive.astro.umd.edu/ont/Science.owl with an OWLDoc output at http://archive.astro.umd.edu/ont/Documentation/index.html I am amused by your description of the Gene ontology. I guess I should take your advice and begin to "push and push until the rest of the community sees the benefit and joins in". I will start on Monday. Ed Norman Gray wrote: > > Folks, > > I was at a fair range of conferences this year. With the exception > of the Kyoto interop, none were about the VO explicitly, but in all > of them I found ideas or papers which seemed to bear directly on the > VO's semantic challenges. > > I've put together an account of these four meetings, partly for my > own benefit, to attempt to pull these various strands into a coherent > whole, but also in the hope that the pointers will be useful to > others. The notes started off as a rather compact summary but... grew. > > The notes are at . All > comments and suggestions are most welcome -- enjoy. > > All the best, > > Norman > > From owner-semantics@eso.org Sun Dec 4 23:59:01 2005 X-Mozilla-Status: 0011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jB4MwbcH022509 for ; Sun, 4 Dec 2005 23:58:37 +0100 (MET) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id jB4MwbpO022508 for semantics-outgoing; Sun, 4 Dec 2005 23:58:37 +0100 (MET) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from rocky.hq.eso.org (rocky.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.43]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jB4MwWcH022503 for ; Sun, 4 Dec 2005 23:58:33 +0100 (MET) Received: from mail.cacr.caltech.edu (mail.cacr.caltech.edu [131.215.145.9]) by rocky.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jB4MwTfm002473 for ; Sun, 4 Dec 2005 23:58:30 +0100 (CET) Received: from mail.cacr.caltech.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mail.cacr.caltech.edu (8.12.3/8.12.3/Debian-6.6) with ESMTP id jB4MwEGM003147; Sun, 4 Dec 2005 14:58:15 -0800 Received: from 68.226.21.140 (SquirrelMail authenticated user roy); by mail.cacr.caltech.edu with HTTP; Sun, 4 Dec 2005 14:58:15 -0800 (PST) Message-ID: <63863.68.226.21.140.1133737095.squirrel@68.226.21.140> In-Reply-To: <5B6F1253-866C-4384-A90A-3F408BE6B5D9@astro.gla.ac.uk> References: <5B6F1253-866C-4384-A90A-3F408BE6B5D9@astro.gla.ac.uk> Date: Sun, 4 Dec 2005 14:58:15 -0800 (PST) Subject: Re: Multi-conference report: VO and SW From: roy@cacr.caltech.edu To: norman@astro.gla.ac.uk Cc: semantics@ivoa.net User-Agent: SquirrelMail/1.5.0 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain;charset=iso-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 Importance: Normal X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.1.0.0, Antispam-Data: 2005.12.4.28 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net Norman I think this thing that you call out as bad practice was my idea: "We don't seem to be doing anything that stands out as Bad Practice, with the possible exception of the proposed ivo: URI scheme." I would appreciate an elaboration of why it ivo: is bad. It would seem to me that the prefix http: means Hypertext transfer protocol (that's what I grew up with anyway), and that our identifiers are definitively NOT that. I really dislike this practice of making non-URLs look like URLs, it is confusing. Therefore I pushed to have a scheme so that it is quite clear that this is not a URL. In fact, the thing you can do is resolve it with an IVOA registry and ivo: makes that clear. Another example is the XML namespace. This is a silly name for it: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance. I would suggest that xmlns://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance would be better. It reminds me of how Native Americans are sometimes called Indians, which is immediately followed by an explanation that they are not from India. Thank you Roy From owner-semantics@eso.org Mon Dec 5 10:18:00 2005 X-Mozilla-Status: 0011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jB59HgcH019461 for ; Mon, 5 Dec 2005 10:17:42 +0100 (MET) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id jB59HfRj019458 for semantics-outgoing; Mon, 5 Dec 2005 10:17:41 +0100 (MET) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from rocky.hq.eso.org (rocky.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.43]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jB59HacH019442 for ; Mon, 5 Dec 2005 10:17:36 +0100 (MET) Received: from artemis.le.ac.uk (artemis.le.ac.uk [143.210.4.129]) by rocky.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jB59HYfm023602 for ; Mon, 5 Dec 2005 10:17:35 +0100 (CET) Received: from [143.210.36.14] (helo=marindi) by artemis.le.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 4.44) id 1EjCTQ-0002jy-VK for semantics@ivoa.net; Mon, 05 Dec 2005 09:17:29 +0000 From: "Tony Linde" To: Subject: RE: Multi-conference report: VO and SW Date: Mon, 5 Dec 2005 09:16:58 -0000 Message-ID: <000d01c5f97c$a4c9b2b0$0b01a8c0@marindi> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Microsoft Office Outlook 11 In-Reply-To: <63863.68.226.21.140.1133737095.squirrel@68.226.21.140> X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2527 Thread-Index: AcX5J6Nge4bQOKjfRHimxZWV9DRU3wAVCHhg X-UoL-Id: ed4ca7c474f640c7e98c1db4b76be289@1EjCTQ-0002jy-VK@artemis.le.ac.uk X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.1.0.0, Antispam-Data: 2005.12.5.1 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net > I would appreciate an elaboration of why it ivo: is bad. It I think it isn't Norman saying this but the W3C. See his section http://nxg.me.uk/note/2005/vo-and-sw/#dcc. They're simply saying that a proliferation of naming schemes is bad practice, presumably because only those in the know can interpret those naming schemes - they aren't globally interpretable. Personally, it doesn't worry me because a) our URI scheme generally follows the guidelines for naming; b) as is pointed out, plenty of others are doing the same; c) we also provide DC standard details so the metadata is globally available even if the data isn't; d) no one but an astronomer could possibly interpret our resources anyway and they'll all be 'in the know'. Cheers, Tony. > -----Original Message----- > From: owner-semantics@eso.org > [mailto:owner-semantics@eso.org] On Behalf Of roy@cacr.caltech.edu > Sent: 04 December 2005 22:58 > To: norman@astro.gla.ac.uk > Cc: semantics@ivoa.net > Subject: Re: Multi-conference report: VO and SW > > Norman > > I think this thing that you call out as bad practice was my idea: > > "We don't seem to be doing anything that stands out as Bad > Practice, with the possible exception of the proposed ivo: > URI scheme." > > I would appreciate an elaboration of why it ivo: is bad. It > would seem to me that the prefix http: means Hypertext > transfer protocol (that's what I grew up with anyway), and > that our identifiers are definitively NOT that. > I really dislike this practice of making non-URLs look like > URLs, it is confusing. > > Therefore I pushed to have a scheme so that it is quite clear > that this is not a URL. In fact, the thing you can do is > resolve it with an IVOA registry and ivo: makes that clear. > > Another example is the XML namespace. This is a silly name for it: > http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance. I would suggest > that xmlns://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance would be better. > > It reminds me of how Native Americans are sometimes called > Indians, which is immediately followed by an explanation that > they are not from India. > > Thank you > Roy > > > From owner-semantics@eso.org Mon Dec 5 12:41:52 2005 X-Mozilla-Status: 0011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jB5BfQcH010654 for ; Mon, 5 Dec 2005 12:41:26 +0100 (MET) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id jB5BfPNg010653 for semantics-outgoing; Mon, 5 Dec 2005 12:41:25 +0100 (MET) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from rocky.hq.eso.org (rocky.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.43]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jB5Bf1cH010600 for ; Mon, 5 Dec 2005 12:41:01 +0100 (MET) Received: from mail07d.vwh1.net (mail07d.vwh1.net [131.103.218.198]) by rocky.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with SMTP id jB5Bewfm001059 for ; Mon, 5 Dec 2005 12:40:59 +0100 (CET) Received: from mx33.bcrtfl01.us.mxservers.net (131.103.218.138) by mail07d.vwh1.net (RS ver 1.0.95vs) with SMTP id 4-0758022849 for ; Mon, 5 Dec 2005 06:40:51 -0500 (EST) Received: from www.mondeca.com [207.158.249.10] (HELO CACHOU) by mx33.bcrtfl01.us.mxservers.net (mxl_mta-1.3.8-10p4) with SMTP id 24724934.26901.227.mx33.bcrtfl01.us.mxservers.net; Mon, 05 Dec 2005 06:40:50 -0500 (EST) From: "Bernard Vatant" To: Subject: RE: Multi-conference report: VO and SW Date: Mon, 5 Dec 2005 12:40:45 +0100 Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0) X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2180 In-Reply-To: <000d01c5f97c$a4c9b2b0$0b01a8c0@marindi> Importance: Normal X-Spam: [F=0.0043103448; heur=0.500(-12400); stat=0.010; spamtraq-heur=0.300(2005112116)] X-MAIL-FROM: X-SOURCE-IP: [207.158.249.10] X-Loop-Detect: 1 X-DistLoop-Detect: 1 X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.1.0.0, Antispam-Data: 2005.12.5.4 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net To follow Tony's arguments, see also current debates about other "controversial" or "non-conventional" URI schemes. CURIEs (Compact URIs) http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-swbp-wg/2005Nov/0184.html INFO URI http://www.niso.org/news/releases/pr-InfoURI-11-05.html > d) no one but an astronomer could possibly interpret our resources anyway and they'll all be 'in the know'. Yes, I think this is a killer argument. IPTC pushes the use of CURIEs, for similar reasons (news agencies will be the only users). Bottom line : SW folks assume an "unique open information world", but the reality is that URIs will be used in semi-open (or semi-closed) worlds, or communities of users, inside which "universal" identifiers such as http URLs will not be relevant. Cheers Bernard ---------------------------------- Bernard Vatant Mondeca Knowledge Engineering bernard.vatant@mondeca.com (+33) 0871 488 459 http://www.mondeca.com http://universimmedia.blogspot.com ---------------------------------- > -----Message d'origine----- > De : owner-semantics@eso.org [mailto:owner-semantics@eso.org]De la part > de Tony Linde > Envoye : lundi 5 decembre 2005 10:17 > A : semantics@ivoa.net > Objet : RE: Multi-conference report: VO and SW > > > > I would appreciate an elaboration of why it ivo: is bad. It > > I think it isn't Norman saying this but the W3C. See his section > http://nxg.me.uk/note/2005/vo-and-sw/#dcc. They're simply saying that a > proliferation of naming schemes is bad practice, presumably because only > those in the know can interpret those naming schemes - they aren't globally > interpretable. > > Personally, it doesn't worry me because a) our URI scheme generally follows > the guidelines for naming; b) as is pointed out, plenty of others are doing > the same; c) we also provide DC standard details so the metadata is globally > available even if the data isn't; d) no one but an astronomer could possibly > interpret our resources anyway and they'll all be 'in the know'. > > Cheers, > Tony. > > > -----Original Message----- > > From: owner-semantics@eso.org > > [mailto:owner-semantics@eso.org] On Behalf Of roy@cacr.caltech.edu > > Sent: 04 December 2005 22:58 > > To: norman@astro.gla.ac.uk > > Cc: semantics@ivoa.net > > Subject: Re: Multi-conference report: VO and SW > > > > Norman > > > > I think this thing that you call out as bad practice was my idea: > > > > "We don't seem to be doing anything that stands out as Bad > > Practice, with the possible exception of the proposed ivo: > > URI scheme." > > > > I would appreciate an elaboration of why it ivo: is bad. It > > would seem to me that the prefix http: means Hypertext > > transfer protocol (that's what I grew up with anyway), and > > that our identifiers are definitively NOT that. > > I really dislike this practice of making non-URLs look like > > URLs, it is confusing. > > > > Therefore I pushed to have a scheme so that it is quite clear > > that this is not a URL. In fact, the thing you can do is > > resolve it with an IVOA registry and ivo: makes that clear. > > > > Another example is the XML namespace. This is a silly name for it: > > http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance. I would suggest > > that xmlns://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance would be better. > > > > It reminds me of how Native Americans are sometimes called > > Indians, which is immediately followed by an explanation that > > they are not from India. > > > > Thank you > > Roy > > > > > > From owner-semantics@eso.org Thu Dec 8 14:16:47 2005 X-Mozilla-Status: 0011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jB8DG9gN019399 for ; Thu, 8 Dec 2005 14:16:09 +0100 (MET) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id jB8DG9It019398 for semantics-outgoing; Thu, 8 Dec 2005 14:16:09 +0100 (MET) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from rocky.hq.eso.org (rocky.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.43]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jB8DFsgN019351 for ; Thu, 8 Dec 2005 14:16:04 +0100 (MET) Received: from othello.physics.gla.ac.uk (othello.physics.gla.ac.uk [130.209.204.200]) by rocky.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jB8DFpfm016009 for ; Thu, 8 Dec 2005 14:15:52 +0100 (CET) Received: from kronecker.demon.co.uk ([80.177.13.240] helo=[10.0.0.130]) by othello.physics.gla.ac.uk:587 with asmtp (TLS-1.0:RSA_ARCFOUR_SHA:16) (Exim 4.34) id 1EkLcf-0000Pk-BE; Thu, 08 Dec 2005 13:15:46 +0000 In-Reply-To: <63863.68.226.21.140.1133737095.squirrel@68.226.21.140> References: <5B6F1253-866C-4384-A90A-3F408BE6B5D9@astro.gla.ac.uk> <63863.68.226.21.140.1133737095.squirrel@68.226.21.140> Mime-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v746.2) X-Priority: 3 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; delsp=yes; format=flowed Message-Id: <1C6D2B47-3DFC-4966-AD2B-1D748F86CBDA@astro.gla.ac.uk> Cc: semantics@ivoa.net Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit From: Norman Gray Subject: Re: Multi-conference report: VO and SW Date: Thu, 8 Dec 2005 13:15:41 +0000 To: Roy Williams X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.746.2) X-PHYSCI-Spam-Score: 0.0 (/) X-PHYSCI-Spam-Report: 0.0/5.0 X-Othello-SMTP: True X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.1.0.0, Antispam-Data: 2005.12.8.8 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net Roy, How's it going? On 2005 Dec 4 , at 22.58, roy@cacr.caltech.edu wrote: > I would appreciate an elaboration of why it ivo: is bad. As Tony says, I'm to some extent the messenger here. Myself, I'm probably more persuaded than not that URIs are best when they are retrievable, but I'm diffident about saying so too loudly, because I do agree that things like ivo: seem to provide the strongest counterexamples. However, I'll make the case as strongly as I can here. And honestly, I _have_ tried to keep this short! The Web Architecture document seems broadly agreed to be a practical rather than theological document, and a description of what in retrospect made the web `work'. It's from that hindsight point of view that HTTP was identified as having the following almost magically good properties: 1. everyone with a web server can mint identifiers (ie, it's non- exclusive and hugely extensible) 2. HTTP URLs have all the properties you want in an identifier, plus retrievability 3. HTTP GET has very clean and intelligible semantics, which are simple to implement and integrate in other applications (ie, you don't need a resolver) Now, the VO isn't interested in property (1) (for better or for worse), so we can skip that. (2) is essentially the argument that if you want something other than a URL for your URI, then you're going to have to make a positive case why direct retrievability is a practical disadvantage. The big difference between URIs and URLs is, as we all know, that the former are for labelling concepts, and aren't guaranteed to be dereferencable, much less immediately retrievable. However a long- established bit of good practice here is to make your URIs retrievable and to provide _something_ useful at the end of it, be it a human-readable description of your namespace, or of your ontology, or whatever you personally mean by the concept thus labelled. This argument is therefore flatly contra your: > Another example is the XML namespace. This is a silly name for it: > http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance. I would suggest that > xmlns://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance would be better. The two are precisely equivalent as far as the machines are concerned, but the latter has given up the free opportunities for documentation or clarification that the former offers, for no real benefit. To get those advantages back, you'd have to expensively define the xmlns: scheme, and specify and maintain resolvers for it. As well as the gratis practicality, the recommendation that URIs should be URLs undermines any claim that there is still a useful high- level distinction between URIs and URLs, beyond the incidental one that some are retrievable and some are not (this goes as far back as 2001 with other remarks in ). So the response to your objection > I really dislike this practice of making non-URLs look like URLs, > it is > confusing. is: `so make them into URLs'. You're going to have to document your `non-URL' somewhere, so it might as well be there. `But the URI/URL specifies a resource, not a namespace', you say: so let the URL retrieve the resource. Why make things hard by adding a resolver? The answer is, of course, because we want the IVOA Registry infrastructure to get in on the act, and the "ivo:" string means `don't ask me, find a resolver and ask it'. (I'm not in the least disputing that the Registry has to be involved; the issue is how to do it as cheaply as possible). That means that the question really is whether the costs of mandating a resolver are small enough to justify the benefits obtained. Those costs, remember, include writing an RFC for "ivo:" and getting it approved by the IETF, designing an API and/or protocol for the resolver(s), and writing the resolver servers themselves. The benefits of the indirection are that 1. abstraction helps persistence by decoupling the identifier from its retrieval 2. the indirection means you `de-brand' the resolution -- you can't easily detect who's serving you the actual resource. Point (1) is less persuasive than it sounds: domain names like cds.u- strasbg.fr will change or fail on roughly the same timescale that resolution servers will change or fail, so that you haven't fundamentally improved your reliability by the order of magnitude or so that would justify the extra costs. (2) is only an advantage if you have no easy fallback. This is where the ARK scheme that I mentioned seems to hit all the sweet spots, and seems to cheaply provide the identifier properties we want. ARK IDs are HTTP URLs and are, it seems, intended to be passed around as such. However the "ark:.*" string within that URL is the persistent bit, and can either be chopped out of the URL (if you want the de-branding for some reason), or chopped out and reattached to the resolver of your choice. In some sense, therefore, ARKs are just like the ivo: identifiers, except that the resolution mechanism is explicitly specified as `append this to the HTTP URL for a resolver service'. There are a few other bells and whistles to do with the '?' and '??' stuff I mentioned, but that's basically it; extremely simple. The cost of this is that ARK comparison becomes a bit more expensive (you have to strip the resolver prefix, or handle the suffix separately). The benefits are that there's no RFC to write, no API to write, and all the costs are removed from the client end (so you can dereference an ARK using wget!) because you don't need any further tools (see ). Plus you regain all the library, application and intelligibility benefits of using HTTP, and you get BIND and Apache to do the heavy lifting (getting someone else to do the work is always a good thing). DOIs and Handles appear to be like ivo:, but are arguably like ARKs in many cases. Pace bells and whistles, gongs, tubas and son et lumiere in the DOI API, you can basically resolve DOIs by appending them to the URL http://dx.doi.org (roll out the 80/20 arguments). I quoted an RFC above. The RFC persistent ID is a string of the form '^RFC[0-9]*$', but to resolve one, you can transform it into the HTTP URL http://www.ietf.org/rfc/.txt. Conversely, given that URL, you can extract the document ID and use your own RFC resolver, or I can save you the trouble by quoting it convolved with its resolver. In this last case, as with the ARKs, there is nothing _lost_ by quoting it as an HTTP URL, but there's a lot that's gained in terms of simplicity and usability. It means that % curl http://www.ivoa.net/ivo-resolver/ivo:/blah | xsltproc grokVOTable.xsl | ... ...is a VO-enabled application. OK, _I_ at least am more convinced than I was at the top of the page. How about you, Roy? All the best, Norman -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---- Norman Gray / http://nxg.me.uk eurovotech.org / University of Leicester, UK From owner-semantics@eso.org Thu Dec 8 15:21:59 2005 X-Mozilla-Status: 0011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jB8ELWgN029525 for ; Thu, 8 Dec 2005 15:21:32 +0100 (MET) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id jB8ELWRB029524 for semantics-outgoing; Thu, 8 Dec 2005 15:21:32 +0100 (MET) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from apollo.hq.eso.org (apollo.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.42]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jB8ELNgN029498 for ; Thu, 8 Dec 2005 15:21:24 +0100 (MET) Received: from othello.physics.gla.ac.uk (othello.physics.gla.ac.uk [130.209.204.200]) by apollo.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jB8ELJHA012795 for ; Thu, 8 Dec 2005 15:21:22 +0100 (CET) Received: from kronecker.demon.co.uk ([80.177.13.240] helo=[10.0.0.130]) by othello.physics.gla.ac.uk:587 with asmtp (TLS-1.0:RSA_ARCFOUR_SHA:16) (Exim 4.34) id 1EkMe1-0001hx-OU; Thu, 08 Dec 2005 14:21:14 +0000 In-Reply-To: References: Mime-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v746.2) X-Priority: 3 (Normal) Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; delsp=yes; format=flowed Message-Id: Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit From: Norman Gray Subject: Re: Multi-conference report: VO and SW Date: Thu, 8 Dec 2005 14:21:09 +0000 To: semantics@ivoa.net X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.746.2) X-PHYSCI-Spam-Score: 0.0 (/) X-PHYSCI-Spam-Report: 0.0/5.0 X-Othello-SMTP: True X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.1.0.0, Antispam-Data: 2005.12.8.10 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net Sorry, I meant to respond to Tony's and Bernard's points also. So one cup of tea and a slice of (rather nice) chocolate cake later... Tony: > c) we also provide DC standard details so the metadata is globally > available even if the data isn't This might be said to repair a problem we created ourselves. On 2005 Dec 5 , at 11.40, Bernard Vatant wrote: >> Tony wrote: >> d) no one but an astronomer could possibly interpret our resources >> anyway and they'll > all be 'in the know'. > > Yes, I think this is a killer argument. IPTC pushes the use of > CURIEs, for similar reasons > (news agencies will be the only users). If I understand CURIE's correctly, while IPTC may have been the originators, they needn't be the only users. Hmm. _We_ could even use CURIEs : ... Look at my data ... There: one CURIE-compliant URI which looks like a ivo: scheme, but is really an HTTP URL (and you get to pick/override your namespace/ resolver). INFO URIs are interesting, but a bit of a red herring, I think, since they're principally intended to name _offline_ resources, and the scheme is explicitly not intended to support dereferencing, which are the features which jointly justify the new URI scheme. ivo: resources, in contrast, name things which are online, and which you do want to dereference. > Bottom line : SW folks assume an "unique open information world", > but the reality is that > URIs will be used in semi-open (or semi-closed) worlds, or > communities of users, inside > which "universal" identifiers such as http URLs will not be relevant. There are plenty of URLs on the web that I can't parse, but I never look at them, so they never disturb me. And while it's true that the consumers of ivo: URIs would tend to be specialists using specialised software, that simply means that we can slightly discount _one_ of the new-scheme disadvantages. My problem with the ivo: scheme is (I now realise) not any claimed architectural impurity of a new scheme, but instead the resolver, which seems to bring significant costs with marginal benefits. For the resolver _does_ lock people out. I don't mean granny, but an astronomer who sees an ivo: identifier in a paper. If this were a URL, she could wget it, look at it, `mmm, what's a VOTable?', google- google-google, and `aha!, so that's what the VO is!', then go and search for a VOTable2FITS converter. With a small amount of extra capability, she could even type it into a web browser and get something useful (I'm thinking of GRDDL, but there would be other similar possibilities). The people who grok the VO, or who will willingly play with VO tools, do not constitute the whole of the astronomical community. `Enable view-source' is one of the other things that helps create network effects, and requiring a resolver gets in the way of that. Not having a resolver also means that I can write an application in whatever (scripting?) language I like, building on massive amounts of HTTP support, rather than flaky or partial IVOA resolver APIs or protocols. All the best, Norman -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---- Norman Gray / http://nxg.me.uk eurovotech.org / University of Leicester, UK From owner-semantics@eso.org Thu Dec 8 22:43:04 2005 X-Mozilla-Status: 0011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jB8LgjgN007984 for ; Thu, 8 Dec 2005 22:42:46 +0100 (MET) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id jB8LgjpO007983 for semantics-outgoing; Thu, 8 Dec 2005 22:42:45 +0100 (MET) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from rocky.hq.eso.org (rocky.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.43]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jB8LgfgN007975 for ; Thu, 8 Dec 2005 22:42:41 +0100 (MET) Received: from revere.aoc.nrao.edu (revere.aoc.nrao.edu [146.88.1.15]) by rocky.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jB8Lgcfm010109 for ; Thu, 8 Dec 2005 22:42:39 +0100 (CET) Received: from dropbox.aoc.nrao.edu (dropbox [146.88.1.13]) by revere.aoc.nrao.edu (8.13.1/8.13.1/cv-ws-8.12) with ESMTP id jB8LgPBH002804 for ; Thu, 8 Dec 2005 14:42:25 -0700 Received: from oak.aoc.nrao.edu (oak.aoc.nrao.edu [146.88.3.232]) by dropbox.aoc.nrao.edu (8.13.1/8.13.1/smtp-gateway) with ESMTP id jB8LgO6O004955; Thu, 8 Dec 2005 14:42:24 -0700 Date: Thu, 8 Dec 2005 14:42:24 -0700 (MST) From: Doug Tody X-X-Sender: dtody@oak To: semantics@ivoa.net Subject: RE: Multi-conference report: VO and SW In-Reply-To: <000d01c5f97c$a4c9b2b0$0b01a8c0@marindi> Message-ID: References: <000d01c5f97c$a4c9b2b0$0b01a8c0@marindi> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed X-MailScanner-Information: Please contact postmaster@aoc.nrao.edu for more information X-MailScanner: Found to be clean X-MailScanner-SpamCheck: not spam, SpamAssassin (score=-101.44, required 5, autolearn=disabled, ALL_TRUSTED -1.44, USER_IN_WHITELIST -100.00) X-MailScanner-From: dtody@nrao.edu X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.1.0.0, Antispam-Data: 2005.12.8.25 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net In our case we are purposely using URIs to identify objects but not locate them - if we want to locate a particular instance we use a URL. A given URI may resolve into multiple URLs pointing to multiple instances. For example, we use an "ivo:" URI as a location independent dataset identifier. A query can find actual instances of the data, in which case we have resolved the reference to the level where URLs are appropriate. - Doug On Mon, 5 Dec 2005, Tony Linde wrote: >> I would appreciate an elaboration of why it ivo: is bad. It > > I think it isn't Norman saying this but the W3C. See his section > http://nxg.me.uk/note/2005/vo-and-sw/#dcc. They're simply saying that a > proliferation of naming schemes is bad practice, presumably because only > those in the know can interpret those naming schemes - they aren't globally > interpretable. > > Personally, it doesn't worry me because a) our URI scheme generally follows > the guidelines for naming; b) as is pointed out, plenty of others are doing > the same; c) we also provide DC standard details so the metadata is globally > available even if the data isn't; d) no one but an astronomer could possibly > interpret our resources anyway and they'll all be 'in the know'. From owner-semantics@eso.org Fri Dec 9 12:53:06 2005 X-Mozilla-Status: 0011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jB9BqgP2010224 for ; Fri, 9 Dec 2005 12:52:42 +0100 (MET) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id jB9BqgRH010223 for semantics-outgoing; Fri, 9 Dec 2005 12:52:42 +0100 (MET) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from rocky.hq.eso.org (rocky.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.43]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jB9BqaP2010212 for ; Fri, 9 Dec 2005 12:52:37 +0100 (MET) Received: from othello.physics.gla.ac.uk (othello.physics.gla.ac.uk [130.209.204.200]) by rocky.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jB9BqYfm008459 for ; Fri, 9 Dec 2005 12:52:35 +0100 (CET) Received: from gw-trusted.physics.gla.ac.uk ([130.209.204.195] helo=[192.168.78.115]) by othello.physics.gla.ac.uk:587 with asmtp (TLS-1.0:RSA_ARCFOUR_SHA:16) (Exim 4.34) id 1Ekgnb-0000ha-EA; Fri, 09 Dec 2005 11:52:27 +0000 In-Reply-To: References: <000d01c5f97c$a4c9b2b0$0b01a8c0@marindi> Mime-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v746.2) Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; delsp=yes; format=flowed Message-Id: <54E3C6AC-8FE9-47A8-933A-8917AB5C7F8D@astro.gla.ac.uk> Cc: semantics@ivoa.net Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit From: Norman Gray Subject: Re: Multi-conference report: VO and SW Date: Fri, 9 Dec 2005 11:52:26 +0000 To: Doug Tody X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.746.2) X-PHYSCI-Spam-Score: 0.0 (/) X-PHYSCI-Spam-Report: 0.0/5.0 X-Othello-SMTP: True X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.1.0.0, Antispam-Data: 2005.12.9.5 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net Doug, On 2005 Dec 8 , at 21.42, Doug Tody wrote: > A given URI may resolve into multiple URLs pointing to multiple > instances. That's the difference! I had completely forgotten about the one-to- many resolution. I'm working this through out loud here, Doug, for my benefit rather than yours, as I imagine you've been through this already, and because it might be useful (to me if noone else) to have the whole argument in one place. The underlying reason is that the resources in question are biggish. This breaks the assumptions of the best practice/architecture analysis in two independent ways: 1. The resources are replicated, and large enough that the client's location on the network matters. 2. The size means that HTTP is probably not the best transport mechanism, but instead GridFTP, or BitTorrent, or something else. In both cases, the client can't be expected to make a good decision about which source to use (because that will depend on details of the national and intercontinental network, which will moreover change in time), nor which protocol to use (which will also depend on network environment and time). A local resolver can be expected to know these things, either by discovery or configuration. The assumption that's broken is the single, almost hidden, assumption that the transport issue is solved -- `use HTTP'. Even if that were sorted out, and everyone decided that GridFTP (say) was the single best transport, the analysis also assumes that there is a single source -- a single DNS host -- for the resource; the replication in (1) means that we're not assuming that. That can also be got around, by having a DNS name be handled by multiple geographically dispersed IP addresses (Google is well known to do this), but this is technically complicated and therefore fragile, and also centralised. Even if they acknowledge the first HTTP point, the response to this second point on the part of the TAG (the W3C Technical Architecture Group, authors of the Web Architecture document) would be to point at the replication implicit in (1). One of the good features of HTTP is that it is stateless, which means that it is very friendly to caches and proxies, so you _can_ have a simple single source, and just rely on caches to speed things up -- don't try to outsmart the network! But the sizes undermine that argument, too: few places have the resources to cache lots of multi-GB files, and if regional or national centres were set up which could handle that, it would require configuration cleverness to use them. Thus the replication is essentially a type of preemptive caching. On the other hand: I suppose there is still one case for using HTTP with a (nominally) single source, along with a smart local proxy, which spots when you're requesting a resource/source it knows about, and satisfies those requests using (transparently) a separate network of replicas and protocols. That way, the client gets all the simplicity, predictability and API advantages of using HTTP naively (because that would work fine over a local network). The proxy is effectively acting as a resolver, but the client is interacting with it using an extremely simple and possibly built-in protocol/API, and so doesn't have to care. Is there milage in that? ...but I think I'm going on at too much length now, so I'll shut up! All the best, Norman -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---- Norman Gray / http://nxg.me.uk eurovotech.org / University of Leicester, UK From owner-semantics@eso.org Mon Dec 12 17:33:53 2005 X-Mozilla-Status: 0011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jBCGXWF6003273 for ; Mon, 12 Dec 2005 17:33:32 +0100 (MET) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id jBCGXVJE003268 for semantics-outgoing; Mon, 12 Dec 2005 17:33:31 +0100 (MET) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from apollo.hq.eso.org (apollo.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.42]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jBCGXMF6003226 for ; Mon, 12 Dec 2005 17:33:23 +0100 (MET) Received: from postal.sdsc.edu (postal.sdsc.edu [132.249.20.114]) by apollo.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jBCGXJHA003697 for ; Mon, 12 Dec 2005 17:33:20 +0100 (CET) Received: (from moore@localhost) by postal.sdsc.edu (8.11.7/8.11.7/server/71) id jBCGXCH19604; Mon, 12 Dec 2005 08:33:12 -0800 (PST) Mime-Version: 1.0 Message-Id: In-Reply-To: <54E3C6AC-8FE9-47A8-933A-8917AB5C7F8D@astro.gla.ac.uk> References: <000d01c5f97c$a4c9b2b0$0b01a8c0@marindi> <54E3C6AC-8FE9-47A8-933A-8917AB5C7F8D@astro.gla.ac.uk> Date: Mon, 12 Dec 2005 08:31:48 -0800 To: semantics@ivoa.net From: Reagan Moore Subject: Re: Multi-conference report: VO and SW Cc: Norman Gray Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" ; format="flowed" X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.1.0.0, Antispam-Data: 2005.12.12.15 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net Norman: The scale of the sky survey collection size drives the preferred choice of data management technology. At SDSC, we have been replicating large sky surveys onto the Teragrid to support large scale analyses. We use the following mechanisms to do this: - install data grid servers at the sites that want to replicate their data. A data grid server is software that runs at the application level, and corresponds to the VOSpace/VOStore access software. VOStore is intended to provide access to the storage, while VOSpace is intended to manage the name spaces. - register the existing images into the data grid (VOSpace). VOSpace manages a logical name space for each image, independently of the naming convention used at the original site. The logical name space can be organized as a collection hierarchy, metadata can be associated with each image to support browsing and discovery. - separately replicate images onto remote systems. In our case, we replicate data onto disk that is directly accessible by the Teragrid. - port NVO services on top of the data grid. The same access mechanisms will work on either the original site or the Teragrid. This brings up the issue of naming convention that will be uniform across all storage systems. Images within a data grid can be labeled with a standard URI, or a Globally Unique ID (GUID), or a handle (Object ID), or descriptive metadata, or a logical name under which the data grid organizes images. We usually manage 4 name spaces for data within the SRB data grid (physical name, logical name, GUID, desriptive metadata), but can easily add other naming conventions. The data grid resolves which replica to use based on expected access performance. The transport mechanisms are designed to support parallel I/O streams for large files, bulk transport of small files, and interactions with firewalls. Single images could be moved with any desired protocol. One of the purposes of the data grid is to map from the protocols used by storage systems to the protocols used by user-preferred clients. You can choose to move data through a web interface using HTTP, or through bulk transfer mechanisms using parallel I/O streams. An example is the data grid technology installed by NOAO to manage data movement from telescopes in Chile to Tucson, and the organization of images in a persistent archive for long term storage. Reagan Moore SDSC >Doug, > >On 2005 Dec 8 , at 21.42, Doug Tody wrote: > >>A given URI may resolve into multiple URLs pointing to multiple instances. > >That's the difference! I had completely forgotten about the >one-to-many resolution. > >I'm working this through out loud here, Doug, for my benefit rather >than yours, as I imagine you've been through this already, and >because it might be useful (to me if noone else) to have the whole >argument in one place. > >The underlying reason is that the resources in question are biggish. >This breaks the assumptions of the best practice/architecture >analysis in two independent ways: > >1. The resources are replicated, and large enough that the client's >location on the network matters. > >2. The size means that HTTP is probably not the best transport >mechanism, but instead GridFTP, or BitTorrent, or something else. > >In both cases, the client can't be expected to make a good decision >about which source to use (because that will depend on details of >the national and intercontinental network, which will moreover >change in time), nor which protocol to use (which will also depend >on network environment and time). A local resolver can be expected >to know these things, either by discovery or configuration. > >The assumption that's broken is the single, almost hidden, >assumption that the transport issue is solved -- `use HTTP'. Even >if that were sorted out, and everyone decided that GridFTP (say) was >the single best transport, the analysis also assumes that there is a >single source -- a single DNS host -- for the resource; the >replication in (1) means that we're not assuming that. That can >also be got around, by having a DNS name be handled by multiple >geographically dispersed IP addresses (Google is well known to do >this), but this is technically complicated and therefore fragile, >and also centralised. > >Even if they acknowledge the first HTTP point, the response to this >second point on the part of the TAG (the W3C Technical Architecture >Group, authors of the Web Architecture document) would be to point >at the replication implicit in (1). One of the good features of >HTTP is that it is stateless, which means that it is very friendly >to caches and proxies, so you _can_ have a simple single source, and >just rely on caches to speed things up -- don't try to outsmart the >network! >But the sizes undermine that argument, too: few places have the >resources to cache lots of multi-GB files, and if regional or >national centres were set up which could handle that, it would >require configuration cleverness to use them. Thus the replication >is essentially a type of preemptive caching. > >On the other hand: I suppose there is still one case for using HTTP >with a (nominally) single source, along with a smart local proxy, >which spots when you're requesting a resource/source it knows about, >and satisfies those requests using (transparently) a separate >network of replicas and protocols. That way, the client gets all >the simplicity, predictability and API advantages of using HTTP >naively (because that would work fine over a local network). The >proxy is effectively acting as a resolver, but the client is >interacting with it using an extremely simple and possibly built-in >protocol/API, and so doesn't have to care. Is there milage in that? > >...but I think I'm going on at too much length now, so I'll shut up! > >All the best, > >Norman > > >-- >---------------------------------------------------------------------------- >Norman Gray / http://nxg.me.uk >eurovotech.org / University of Leicester, UK From owner-semantics@eso.org Mon Dec 19 19:07:32 2005 X-Mozilla-Status: 0001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jBJI6vnH014914 for ; Mon, 19 Dec 2005 19:06:57 +0100 (MET) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id jBJI6vOH014913 for semantics-outgoing; Mon, 19 Dec 2005 19:06:57 +0100 (MET) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from apollo.hq.eso.org (apollo.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.42]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jBJI6pnH014896 for ; Mon, 19 Dec 2005 19:06:51 +0100 (MET) Received: from earth.astro.umd.edu (earth.astro.umd.edu [129.2.14.2]) by apollo.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jBJI6m1r004239 for ; Mon, 19 Dec 2005 19:06:49 +0100 (CET) Received: from [192.168.0.100] (pool-71-241-254-86.washdc.fios.verizon.net [71.241.254.86]) (using TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by earth.astro.umd.edu (Postfix) with ESMTP id D46B5109AD for ; Mon, 19 Dec 2005 13:06:42 -0500 (EST) Message-ID: <43A6F6B0.6020202@gsfc.nasa.gov> Date: Mon, 19 Dec 2005 13:06:40 -0500 From: Ed Shaya User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.7.12) Gecko/20050915 X-Accept-Language: en-us, en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: "'Semantics'" Subject: Part I OWL Basics Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.1.0.0, Antispam-Data: 2005.12.19.18 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net OWL Ontology of Astronomy: Part I OWL Basics This is the start of a long description of an ontology being developed at UMD (mostly by myself, but with significant inputs from Brian Thomas, Zhenping Huang, and Peter Teuben), but broken up into small (couple of pages at a time) parts. It will require many parts (e-mails) to describe everything, and I don't know how many parts there will be yet. It is being developed with a specific application in mind primarily, but some consideration is given for future applications as well. The specific application that we are working on would provide users with a GUI with the entire ontology in a menu and let them drag and drop Classes onto a drawing board and build the object that they are querying for. There would be forms within the object to enter ranges on property range values and other detailed choices. The application would then use the ontology to hunt down optional paths to derive the desired goal using Operations or Relationships within the ontology and present the paths for the user to include or exclude. After all of the paths are worked out the user submits the query to the Data Hunter which sends queries (ADQL or higher level query) to data centers. That is all I will say about the motivation for this ontology for now, the rest is the ontology itself. The ontology is composed of a number of sub-ontologies and this number grows with time. Science.owl - generally useful stuff that scientists need but don't fit into any of the existing namespaces. As new namespaces are created some of these will be moved to a more appropriate subontologies. This ontology holds most of the broadest classes and therefore the highest levels of the hierarchy. Astronomy.owl - Anything pertinent to astronomy and either not used by other sciences or used quite differently by astronomers. Physics.owl - some basic physics of use to astronomers. Most everything in physics is useful to astronomers, but details about exotic particles, for instance, has not yet found a use among astronomers. Geometry.owl - basic geometry and coordinates units_ontology.owl and units_instances.owl - for physical units Quantity.owl - here, quantity refers to amounts and measurements that might require accuracy and unit properties Statistics.owl - useful, but I haven't done much with this yet. Process.owl - originating from a group at JPL, I am adapting it to our needs. This is way harder to do than it looks, but it is important to try incorporating ontologies created elsewhere. Surprisingly, I could find no other usable ontology. All of these are found at http://archive.astro.umd.edu/ont , but the root is the Science.owl which imports all of the others. OWL basics: OWL, based on RDF, relies on triplet statements. This is expressed as (Domain, property, Range) where Domain and Range are Classes of instances. Domain corresponds to the subject of a statement and Range would be the object of the property as a predicate. Thus, any two instances are related through the property relationship and there is a definite direction to this relationship , as in A has B. There are two basic types of properties in OWL, DataProperties which take xs:datatypes in its range (xs:int, xs:string, xs:date, etc) and ObjectProperties which take classes in its range. In defining the ontology one first specifies the set of classes in the Domain and in the Range of each property. Then, statements on instances must satisfy these constraints of which instances can be in the domain and which in the range of the statement's property. A special Objectproperty is the owl:SubClassOf which makes the range a subclass of the domain. The domain of a property automatically extends to the subclasses of the domain classes. All classes are subclasses of owl:Thing and there are a few properties such as comment and label that have Thing as their domain and thus are in all Things. I think of properties as totally separate from Thing although OWL:Full allows properties to be Things. There is a subPropertyOf which implies a property has a Domain that is a subset of the Domain of the super's and a Range that is a subset of the super's. That is sufficient to begin discussion of an actual ontology and other OWL concepts can be introduces as they are used. I have adopted a camelback nomenclature where classnames have initial letter capitalized and properties have initial letter not capitalized. I have also manage thus far to avoid explicitly stating disjointedness betwee classes. All classes are implicitly disjoint unless they are explicitly subclasses. It will be interesting to see how far we can go with this before some inconsistency arises. But doing this has immensely simplified the RDF output files. Part II, will look at some parts of Geometry.owl because I am hoping to describe coordinate systems soon. But that will require first at least a brief look at Quantity.owl. After geometry we can look at the astroObjects and their properties. Then Operations, Relationships and Code. From owner-semantics@eso.org Tue Dec 20 21:26:24 2005 X-Mozilla-Status: 0001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jBKKPhWa024624 for ; Tue, 20 Dec 2005 21:25:43 +0100 (MET) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id jBKKPhnu024623 for semantics-outgoing; Tue, 20 Dec 2005 21:25:43 +0100 (MET) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from rocky.hq.eso.org (rocky.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.43]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jBKKPGWa024584 for ; Tue, 20 Dec 2005 21:25:16 +0100 (MET) Received: from earth.astro.umd.edu (earth.astro.umd.edu [129.2.14.2]) by rocky.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jBKKPDA1026978 for ; Tue, 20 Dec 2005 21:25:14 +0100 (CET) Received: from [129.2.15.139] (lap39.astro.umd.edu [129.2.15.139]) (using TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by earth.astro.umd.edu (Postfix) with ESMTP id DC079109AB; Tue, 20 Dec 2005 15:25:07 -0500 (EST) Message-ID: <43A868A2.2070704@gsfc.nasa.gov> Date: Tue, 20 Dec 2005 15:25:06 -0500 From: Ed Shaya User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.7.12) Gecko/20050915 X-Accept-Language: en-us, en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: "'Semantics'" , Zhenping Huang , Jim Hendler Subject: [Fwd: [Fwd: Part II - Geometry]] Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.1.0.0, Antispam-Data: 2005.12.20.21 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net Astronomy Ontology: Part II - Geometry Everything in the Geometry ontology is a subclass of GeometricEntity which is a direct subclass of owl:Thing. This helps makes things tidy at the level below Thing. Lets start with geo:Space and its properties: Space hasDimensionality [single nonNegativeInteger] # Just the number #of Dimensions in the Space hasDimension [multiple q:Quantity] #Can make a list of the #Dimensions (presumably orthogonal) hasSlice [multiple Space] #Infinite slice (ie, drop a few #dimensions if you like) sliceOf [single Space] #inverse_of_hasSlice hasRegion [single Region] #Any section of the Space Note that Space will probably be used to define parameter spaces or a physical Space (Dimensions of length, width, height say), a subclass of this would be astro:Space which refers only to Space of the Universe or a simulation of the Universe. To describe Region we need to work our way up from Shape and Point. I made an arbitrary decision that Shape is the boundaryOf Region. Thus if we say a Shape Square, this refer to the boundary of a square Region. If we say Shape Sphere, this refers to the surface of the solid Spherical region. Here is the class Hierarchy for Shape: Shape * Any-D_Shape \*Dimension of shape depends on min dimensions \*needed to describe it. Of course, it may be \*mapped to another space where the dimensionality \*is different. * Curve \*Curves can wander around N-dimensional * One-D_Shape o Line + Directrix o LineSegment + Chord # Diameter + Diagonal + Side # Edge o Ray * Point o Center + CenterOfMass \*Well, maybe this and the next \*belong in physics. + CenterOfRotation + GeometricCenter o EndPoint o FocusPoint o Pole o Vertex o VertexOfParabola Here I interrupt the list of shapes for brevity, and put the rest of the list at the end as an appendix. All Shapes inherit the following properties: Shape embeddedIn [single Space | multiple Region] similarTo [multiple Space] congruentTo [multiple Shape] definedBy [multiple Intersection | mutiple sci:Expression | multiple LineSegment] LineSegment has a restricted definedBy LineSegment definedBy [2 EndPoint] And now we can look at Region Class * Region o Intersection + ast:AscendingNode + ast:DescendingNode o Union o Point \* Point is both Region and Shape (because it \* does not make too much sense to talk about \* its boundary Region hasBoundary [single Shape] hasSubClass Intersection ofRegion [multiple Region] ofShape [multiple Shape] So, a region is built by defining its boundary or by intersecting Regions or Shapes or by the Union of them. Perhaps other ways will be added. One more item before I run out of time. Angle hasAngularSize [single sci:AngularSize] Thus there can be a thing AngleA which hasAngularSize 7degpm3 Where 7degpm3 is a q:Quantity/sci:Measurement 7degpm3 value 7 units deg error 3 Well, we didn't get to coordinates in this. Maybe in the next Part. ================================= Appendix: The rest of the Shapes Projection ParallelProjection ObliqueProjection CabinetProjection CavalierProjection OrthographicProjection AxonometricProjection Isometric MultiviewProjection PerspectiveProjection PlanarProjection ProjectionOnto3D_Shape Three-D_Shape Cone CircularCone Hyperboloid Parabaloid Polyhedron Octahedron Prism Pyramid Spheroid OblateSpheroid ProlateSpheroid Sphere ProjectionOnto3D_Shape Two-D_Shape CurveOnPlane ClosedCurve Ellipse Circle GreatCircle ConicSection Ellipse Circle GreatCircle Hyperbola Parabola Harmonograph LissajousCurve Plane Polygon ConcavePolygon ConvexPolygon Hexagon Octagon Pentagon Quadralateral Parallelogram Rectangle Square Rhombus Square Trapezoid Triangle EquilateralTriangle IsoscelesTriangle RightTriangle Face From owner-semantics@eso.org Tue Dec 20 21:33:59 2005 X-Mozilla-Status: 0001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jBKKXkWa026710 for ; Tue, 20 Dec 2005 21:33:46 +0100 (MET) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id jBKKXkmc026709 for semantics-outgoing; Tue, 20 Dec 2005 21:33:46 +0100 (MET) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from apollo.hq.eso.org (apollo.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.42]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jBKKXgWa026702 for ; Tue, 20 Dec 2005 21:33:42 +0100 (MET) Received: from earth.astro.umd.edu (earth.astro.umd.edu [129.2.14.2]) by apollo.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jBKKXd1r003964 for ; Tue, 20 Dec 2005 21:33:40 +0100 (CET) Received: from [129.2.15.139] (lap39.astro.umd.edu [129.2.15.139]) (using TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by earth.astro.umd.edu (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6509D10B08 for ; Tue, 20 Dec 2005 15:33:34 -0500 (EST) Message-ID: <43A86A9D.6020009@gsfc.nasa.gov> Date: Tue, 20 Dec 2005 15:33:33 -0500 From: Ed Shaya User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.7.12) Gecko/20050915 X-Accept-Language: en-us, en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: "'Semantics'" Subject: Part II - Geometry Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.1.0.0, Antispam-Data: 2005.12.20.21 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net The appendix lost its linefeeds, so I put them back in. Ed Astronomy Ontology: Part II - Geometry Everything in the Geometry ontology is a subclass of GeometricEntity which is a direct subclass of owl:Thing. This helps makes things tidy at the level below Thing. Lets start with geo:Space and its properties: Space hasDimensionality [single nonNegativeInteger] # Just the number #of Dimensions in the Space hasDimension [multiple q:Quantity] #Can make a list of the #Dimensions (presumably orthogonal) hasSlice [multiple Space] #Infinite slice (ie, drop a few #dimensions if you like) sliceOf [single Space] #inverse_of_hasSlice hasRegion [single Region] #Any section of the Space Note that Space will probably be used to define parameter spaces or a physical Space (Dimensions of length, width, height say), a subclass of this would be astro:Space which refers only to Space of the Universe or a simulation of the Universe. To describe Region we need to work our way up from Shape and Point. I made an arbitrary decision that Shape is the boundaryOf Region. Thus if we say a Shape Square, this refer to the boundary of a square Region. If we say Shape Sphere, this refers to the surface of the solid Spherical region. Here is the class Hierarchy for Shape: Shape * Any-D_Shape \*Dimension of shape depends on min dimensions \*needed to describe it. Of course, it may be \*mapped to another space where the dimensionality \*is different. * Curve \*Curves can wander around N-dimensional * One-D_Shape o Line + Directrix o LineSegment + Chord # Diameter + Diagonal + Side # Edge o Ray * Point o Center + CenterOfMass \*Well, maybe this and the next \*belong in physics. + CenterOfRotation + GeometricCenter o EndPoint o FocusPoint o Pole o Vertex o VertexOfParabola Here I interrupt the list of shapes for brevity, and put the rest of the list at the end as an appendix. All Shapes inherit the following properties: Shape embeddedIn [single Space | multiple Region] similarTo [multiple Space] congruentTo [multiple Shape] definedBy [multiple Intersection | mutiple sci:Expression | multiple LineSegment] LineSegment has a restricted definedBy LineSegment definedBy [2 EndPoint] And now we can look at Region Class * Region o Intersection + ast:AscendingNode + ast:DescendingNode o Union o Point \* Point is both Region and Shape (because it \* does not make too much sense to talk about \* its boundary Region hasBoundary [single Shape] hasSubClass Intersection ofRegion [multiple Region] ofShape [multiple Shape] So, a region is built by defining its boundary or by intersecting Regions or Shapes or by the Union of them. Perhaps other ways will be added. One more item before I run out of time. Angle hasAngularSize [single sci:AngularSize] Thus there can be a thing AngleA which hasAngularSize 7degpm3 Where 7degpm3 is a q:Quantity/sci:Measurement 7degpm3 value 7 units deg error 3 Well, we didn't get to coordinates in this. Maybe in the next Part. ================================= Appendix: The rest of the Shapes Projection ParallelProjection ObliqueProjection CabinetProjection CavalierProjection OrthographicProjection AxonometricProjection Isometric MultiviewProjection PerspectiveProjection PlanarProjection ProjectionOnto3D_Shape Three-D_Shape Cone CircularCone Hyperboloid Parabaloid Polyhedron Octahedron Prism Pyramid Spheroid OblateSpheroid ProlateSpheroid Sphere ProjectionOnto3D_Shape Two-D_Shape CurveOnPlane ClosedCurve Ellipse Circle GreatCircle ConicSection Ellipse Circle GreatCircle Hyperbola Parabola Harmonograph LissajousCurve Plane Polygon ConcavePolygon ConvexPolygon Hexagon Octagon Pentagon Quadralateral Parallelogram Rectangle Square Rhombus Square Trapezoid Triangle EquilateralTriangle IsoscelesTriangle RightTriangle Face From owner-semantics@eso.org Wed Dec 21 20:42:37 2005 X-Mozilla-Status: 0001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jBLJgBmh001518 for ; Wed, 21 Dec 2005 20:42:11 +0100 (MET) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id jBLJgBoe001517 for semantics-outgoing; Wed, 21 Dec 2005 20:42:11 +0100 (MET) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from apollo.hq.eso.org (apollo.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.42]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jBLJg7mh001513 for ; Wed, 21 Dec 2005 20:42:07 +0100 (MET) Received: from earth.astro.umd.edu (earth.astro.umd.edu [129.2.14.2]) by apollo.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id jBLJg51r029435 for ; Wed, 21 Dec 2005 20:42:05 +0100 (CET) Received: from [129.2.15.139] (lap39.astro.umd.edu [129.2.15.139]) (using TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by earth.astro.umd.edu (Postfix) with ESMTP id B6922109A9 for ; Wed, 21 Dec 2005 14:41:55 -0500 (EST) Message-ID: <43A9B001.9060000@gsfc.nasa.gov> Date: Wed, 21 Dec 2005 14:41:53 -0500 From: Ed Shaya User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.7.12) Gecko/20050915 X-Accept-Language: en-us, en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: "'Semantics'" Subject: Oracle10g Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.1.0.0, Antispam-Data: 2005.12.21.19 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: semantics@ivoa.net Oracle has incorporated RDF and OWL into the Oracle10g product and has extended its SQL to include RDF triples (very similar to RDQL). http://www.oracle.com/technology/industries/life_sciences/pdf/ls_bio_ontologies_dev_envmt_24jun05.pdf They provide a plugin to Protege to allow that to be the front end to the Oracle RDF tables and a standalone app that takes N3 format OWL to Oracle or from Oracle to N3. For those who wish to see the nitty-gritty. Here is a white paper from them. http://www.oracle.com/technology/tech/semantic_technologies/pdf/semantic_tech_rdf_wp.pdf Ed From owner-semantics@eso.org Tue Mar 7 20:16:30 2006 X-Mozilla-Status: 0001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id k27JFrrX013122 for ; Tue, 7 Mar 2006 20:15:53 +0100 (MET) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id k27JFrrP013121 for semantics-outgoing; Tue, 7 Mar 2006 20:15:53 +0100 (MET) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from rocky.hq.eso.org (rocky.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.43]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id k27JFlrX013107 for ; Tue, 7 Mar 2006 20:15:47 +0100 (MET) Received: from earth.astro.umd.edu (earth.astro.umd.edu [129.2.14.2]) by rocky.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id k27JFjkD010252 for ; Tue, 7 Mar 2006 20:15:45 +0100 (CET) Received: from [129.2.15.110] (lap110.astro.umd.edu [129.2.15.110]) (using TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by earth.astro.umd.edu (Postfix) with ESMTP id 570181E3BED; Tue, 7 Mar 2006 14:15:31 -0500 (EST) Message-ID: <440DDBD0.1020407@umd.edu> Date: Tue, 07 Mar 2006 14:15:28 -0500 From: Ed Shaya User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.7.12) Gecko/20050915 X-Accept-Language: en-us, en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: "'Semantics'" , Brian Thomas , Zhenping Huang , Peter Teuben Subject: URIQA Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.1.0.0, Antispam-Data: 2006.03.07.104705 X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: Ed Shaya URIQA extends the present web architecture by introducing the following new HTTP methods for interacting with an authoritative semantic web enabled web server: http://sw.nokia.com/uriqa/URIQA.html Ed From owner-semantics@eso.org Mon May 15 19:50:25 2006 X-Mozilla-Status: 0001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id k4FHoFrY012422 for ; Mon, 15 May 2006 19:50:15 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id k4FHoFMb012420 for semantics-outgoing; Mon, 15 May 2006 19:50:15 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from rocky.hq.eso.org (rocky.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.43]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id k4FHoErY012413 for ; Mon, 15 May 2006 19:50:14 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mail.globalsuite.net (mail.globalsuite.net [69.46.103.201]) by rocky.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id k4FHoBsR022176 for ; Mon, 15 May 2006 19:50:12 +0200 (CEST) Received: from [172.17.125.253] (unknown [204.50.11.162]) by mail.globalsuite.net (Symantec Mail Security) with ESMTP id EAE37B84 for ; Mon, 15 May 2006 11:50:04 -0600 (MDT) User-Agent: Microsoft-Entourage/11.2.3.060209 Date: Mon, 15 May 2006 13:50:03 -0400 Subject: FW: standard vocabulary From: Robert Hanisch To: Message-ID: Thread-Topic: standard vocabulary Thread-Index: AcZ4R5Qj0oeQHOQ6Edq0fgAUURJ84gAAGob2 In-Reply-To: Mime-version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit X-Brightmail-Tracker: AAAAAA== X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.3.0.1, Antispam-Data: 2006.5.15.95105 Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: Robert Hanisch ------ Forwarded Message From: Robert Hanisch Date: Mon, 15 May 2006 13:47:05 -0400 To: Andrea Preite Martinez Conversation: standard vocabulary Subject: standard vocabulary Hi Andrea. You might want to look at the document I posted to the agenda of the Registry WG describing metadata for press release images. The authors of this document have also developed a standard vocabulary. http://www.ivoa.net/internal/IVOA/InterOpMay2006ResReg/AOIMetadata_final.pdf Bob ------ End of Forwarded Message From owner-semantics@eso.org Tue May 16 08:29:14 2006 X-Mozilla-Status: 0011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id k4G6T2Q8005790 for ; Tue, 16 May 2006 08:29:02 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id k4G6T2PC005789 for semantics-outgoing; Tue, 16 May 2006 08:29:02 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from rocky.hq.eso.org (rocky.hq.eso.org [134.171.42.43]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id k4G6SwQ8005783; Tue, 16 May 2006 08:28:59 +0200 (MEST) Received: from mout2.freenet.de (mout2.freenet.de [194.97.50.155]) by rocky.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id k4G6SusR026762; Tue, 16 May 2006 08:28:56 +0200 (CEST) Received: from [194.97.50.135] (helo=mx2.freenet.de) by mout2.freenet.de with esmtpa (Exim 4.61) (envelope-from ) id 1Fft33-0006gU-KB; Tue, 16 May 2006 08:28:49 +0200 Received: from sisley.astro.physik.uni-goettingen.de ([134.76.205.209]) by mx2.freenet.de with esmtpsa (ID frederic.hessman@freenet.de) (TLSv1:RC4-SHA:128) (Exim 4.61-RC1 #1) id 1Fft33-0008Au-HQ; Tue, 16 May 2006 08:28:49 +0200 In-Reply-To: <34F8DCFB-379F-4D5A-99A0-F855EF3F1B4F@noao.edu> References: <34F8DCFB-379F-4D5A-99A0-F855EF3F1B4F@noao.edu> Mime-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v749.3) Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary=Apple-Mail-3--197482994 Message-Id: <030E2B07-1907-4F3A-9AC4-224A52B91636@astro.physik.uni-goettingen.de> Cc: "voevent-core@us-vo.org>" , semantics@ivoa.net, Lars Christensen Lindberg , Robert Hanisch From: "Frederic V. \"Rick\" Hessman" Subject: Re: [Voevent-core] Fwd: standard vocabulary Date: Tue, 16 May 2006 08:28:45 +0200 To: Rob Seaman X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.749.3) X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.35 X-PMX-Version: 4.7.1.128075, Antispam-Engine: 2.3.0.1, Antispam-Data: 2006.5.15.223111 Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: "Frederic V. \"Rick\" Hessman" --Apple-Mail-3--197482994 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; delsp=yes; format=flowed I, for one, knew that the AOI was working on a controlled vocabulary, but their agenda was always geared towards describing press-images rather than defining a general-purpose UCD-like proto-ontology. However, their approach is at least systematic, which isn't always true for what we've been discussing: both UCD's and the proposed standard vocabulary/VOConcepts tend to look like random collection of ideas which someday may be organized into an ontology. Yes, I know: it's easy for AOI to be systematic when they limit their scope from the beginning (e.g. they don't have words for things which aren't easily shown in press-images). The bottom line is that, yes, it would make sense to bring all of the vocabulary people together and to see if we can agree on a common basis. My guess is that there's little chance, so Rob's idea of everyone having their own private vocabularies (e.g. VOEvent's "GRB" versus the UCD-like "process.burst;em.gamma" versus nothing yet for the AOI list) and the IVOA providing the standard vocabulary as the means of constructing conversion tables still sounds like the best path: everyone gets what they want and the IVOA gets a common standard which everyone can live with. For example, adding standard vocabulary to the AOI list as a further column would be trivia and any missing elements would be a good sign of where the proposed standard vocabulary needs some additions. Rick On 15 May 2006, at 8:15 pm, Rob Seaman wrote: > Anybody have a comment on this alternative for both RM and > controlled vocabulary? IVOA must be maturing if it now has two > standards for every problem. Think VOEvent needs only one. But > which one? > > Rob > ------ > > Begin forwarded message: > >> From: Robert Hanisch >> Date: May 15, 2006 10:50:03 AM MST >> To: >> Subject: FW: standard vocabulary >> Reply-To: Robert Hanisch >> >> >> ------ Forwarded Message >> From: Robert Hanisch >> Date: Mon, 15 May 2006 13:47:05 -0400 >> To: Andrea Preite Martinez >> Conversation: standard vocabulary >> Subject: standard vocabulary >> >> Hi Andrea. You might want to look at the document I posted to the >> agenda of >> the Registry WG describing metadata for press release images. The >> authors >> of this document have also developed a standard vocabulary. >> >> http://www.ivoa.net/internal/IVOA/InterOpMay2006ResReg/ >> AOIMetadata_final.pdf >> >> Bob >> >> ------ End of Forwarded Message >> >> > --Apple-Mail-3--197482994 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1 I, for one, knew that the AOI = was working on a controlled vocabulary, but their agenda was always = geared towards describing press-images rather than defining a = general-purpose UCD-like proto-ontology. =A0 =A0However, their approach = is at least systematic, which isn't always true for what we've been = discussing: both UCD's and the proposed standard vocabulary/VOConcepts = tend to look like random collection of ideas which someday may be = organized into an ontology.=A0 Yes, I know: it's easy for AOI to be = systematic when they limit their scope from the beginning (e.g. they = don't have words for things which aren't easily shown in = press-images).

The = bottom line is that, yes, it would make sense to bring all of the = vocabulary people together and to see if we can agree on a common = basis.=A0 My guess is that there's little chance, so Rob's idea of = everyone having their own private vocabularies (e.g. VOEvent's "GRB" = versus the UCD-like "process.burst;em.gamma" versus nothing yet for the = AOI list) and the IVOA providing the standard vocabulary as the means of = constructing conversion tables still sounds like the best path: everyone = gets what they want and the IVOA gets a common standard which everyone = can live with.=A0 =A0For example, adding standard vocabulary to the AOI = list as a further column would be trivia and any missing elements would = be a good sign of where the proposed standard vocabulary needs some = additions.

Rick

= On 15 May 2006, at 8:15 pm, Rob Seaman wrote:

Anybody = have a comment on this alternative for both RM and controlled = vocabulary?=A0 IVOA must be maturing if it now has two standards for = every problem.=A0 Think VOEvent needs only one.=A0 But which = one?

Rob
------
=
Begin forwarded message:

From: = Robert Hanisch <hanisch@stsci.edu>
Date: = May 15, 2006 10:50:03 AM MST
=
Subject: = FW: standard vocabulary
Reply-To: = Robert Hanisch <hanisch@stsci.edu>


------ = Forwarded Message
From: Robert Hanisch <hanisch@stsci.edu>
Date: Mon, 15 May 2006 13:47:05 -0400
To: Andrea Preite Martinez <andrea.preitemartinez= @rm.iasf.cnr.it>
Conversation: = standard vocabulary
Subject: standard = vocabulary

Hi Andrea.=A0 = You might want to look at the document I posted to the agenda = of
the Registry WG describing metadata for press = release images.=A0 The = authors
of this document have also = developed a standard vocabulary.

Bob

------ End of = Forwarded Message


=


= --Apple-Mail-3--197482994-- From owner-semantics@eso.org Tue May 16 15:38:14 2006 X-Mozilla-Status: 0011 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 X-Mozilla-Keys: Return-Path: Received: from mercury.hq.eso.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id k4GDc1Q8011681 for ; Tue, 16 May 2006 15:38:01 +0200 (MEST) Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10/Submit) id k4GDc0Et011679 for semantics-outgoing; Tue, 16 May 2006 15:38:00 +0200 (MEST) X-Authentication-Warning: mercury.hq.eso.org: majordomo set sender to owner-semantics@eso.org using -f Received: from serapis.hq.eso.org (serapis.hq.eso.org [134.171.7.10]) by mercury.hq.eso.org (8.12.10+Sun/8.12.10) with ESMTP id k4GDboQ8011648; Tue, 16 May 2006 15:37:51 +0200 (MEST) Received: from [134.171.27.138] (ga004980.ads.eso.org [134.171.27.138]) by serapis.hq.eso.org (8.11.7+Sun/8.11.7) with ESMTP id k4GDbod26461; Tue, 16 May 2006 15:37:50 +0200 (MEST) Message-ID: <4469D5AD.6040903@eso.org> Date: Tue, 16 May 2006 15:37:49 +0200 From: Lars Lindberg Christensen User-Agent: Mozilla Thunderbird 1.0.7 (Windows/20050923) X-Accept-Language: en-us, en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: "Frederic V. \"Rick\" Hessman" CC: Rob Seaman , "voevent-core@us-vo.org>" , semantics@ivoa.net, Robert Hanisch , Robert Hurt Subject: Re: [Voevent-core] Fwd: standard vocabulary References: <34F8DCFB-379F-4D5A-99A0-F855EF3F1B4F@noao.edu> <030E2B07-1907-4F3A-9AC4-224A52B91636@astro.physik.uni-goettingen.de> In-Reply-To: <030E2B07-1907-4F3A-9AC4-224A52B91636@astro.physik.uni-goettingen.de> Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="------------080904040504050805040702" Sender: owner-semantics@eso.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: Lars Lindberg Christensen This is a multi-part message in MIME format. --------------080904040504050805040702 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Hi If I understand correctly most of your discussion is on our "14. Subject.Category: Astronomical Object Taxonomy" (one of 58 proposed tags). Just a comment: The development of the proposed scheme for this tag has been a very long journey (in fact insanely much work was spent on this one tag). In the end we all agreed that there was no solution without compromises between rigouressness (for instance avoiding "Earth-egocentricity" (being just one rock among many)) and simplicity (being understandable by non-technical people). Tag 14 as it is, is now general, understandable, fulfils the intention it was designed and is reasonably complete. But it is not complete in the UCD sense, and that was a loss that we had to take deliberately. Note that we expect tag 14 to develop in the future. I cannot imagine one taxonomy "one size fits all". I completely support the idea of conversion tables between different metadata tag systems (as we have also had to do for the very important IPTC system). Cheers Lars -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Lars Lindberg Christensen (MSc) . PIO/Head of Comm. ESA Hubble/JWST Phone: +49 (0) 89 320 06 306 . Fax: +49 (0) 89 320 2362 Cell: +49 (0) 173 38 72 621 . Office: 010 E-mail: lars@eso.org . http://www.spacetelescope.org IAU DIV XII Union-Wide Act. Secr. . IAU WG Comm. Astr. Public Secr. Address: ESA/Hubble ESO/ESA/ST-ECF Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2 D-85748 Garching bei München Germany ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Frederic V. "Rick" Hessman wrote: > I, for one, knew that the AOI was working on a controlled vocabulary, > but their agenda was always geared towards describing press-images > rather than defining a general-purpose UCD-like proto-ontology. > However, their approach is at least systematic, which isn't always > true for what we've been discussing: both UCD's and the proposed > standard vocabulary/VOConcepts tend to look like random collection of > ideas which someday may be organized into an ontology. Yes, I know: > it's easy for AOI to be systematic when they limit their scope from > the beginning (e.g. they don't have words for things which aren't > easily shown in press-images). > > The bottom line is that, yes, it would make sense to bring all of the > vocabulary people together and to see if we can agree on a common > basis. My guess is that there's little chance, so Rob's idea of > everyone having their own private vocabularies (e.g. VOEvent's "GRB" > versus the UCD-like "process.burst;em.gamma" versus nothing yet for > the AOI list) and the IVOA providing the standard vocabulary as the > means of constructing conversion tables still sounds like the best > path: everyone gets what they want and the IVOA gets a common standard > which everyone can live with. For example, adding standard > vocabulary to the AOI list as a further column would be trivia and any > missing elements would be a good sign of where the proposed standard > vocabulary needs some additions. > > Rick > > On 15 May 2006, at 8:15 pm, Rob Seaman wrote: > >> Anybody have a comment on this alternative for both RM and controlled >> vocabulary? IVOA must be maturing if it now has two standards for >> every problem. Think VOEvent needs only one. But which one? >> >> Rob >> ------ >> >> Begin forwarded message: >> >>> *From: *Robert Hanisch > >>> *Date: *May 15, 2006 10:50:03 AM MST >>> *To: *> >>> *Subject: **FW: standard vocabulary* >>> *Reply-To: *Robert Hanisch >> > >>> >>> >>> ------ Forwarded Message >>> From: Robert Hanisch > >>> Date: Mon, 15 May 2006 13:47:05 -0400 >>> To: Andrea Preite Martinez >> > >>> Conversation: standard vocabulary >>> Subject: standard vocabulary >>> >>> Hi Andrea. You might want to look at the document I posted to the >>> agenda of >>> the Registry WG describing metadata for press release images. The >>> authors >>> of this document have also developed a standard vocabulary. >>> >>> http://www.ivoa.net/internal/IVOA/InterOpMay2006ResReg/AOIMetadata_final.pdf >>> >>> Bob >>> >>> ------ End of Forwarded Message >>> >>> >> > --------------080904040504050805040702 Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Hi
If I understand correctly most of your discussion is on our "14. Subject.Category: Astronomical Object Taxonomy" (one of 58 proposed tags).
Just a comment: The development of the proposed scheme for this tag has been a very long journey (in fact insanely much work was spent on this one tag). In the end we all agreed that there was no solution without compromises between rigouressness (for instance avoiding "Earth-egocentricity" (being just one rock among many)) and simplicity (being understandable by non-technical people). Tag 14 as it is, is now general, understandable, fulfils the intention it was designed and is reasonably complete. But it is not complete in the UCD sense, and that was a loss that we had to take deliberately. Note that we expect tag 14 to develop in the future.

I cannot imagine one taxonomy "one size fits all". I completely support the idea of conversion tables between different metadata tag systems (as we have also had to do for the very important IPTC system).

Cheers

Lars

-- 
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Lars Lindberg Christensen (MSc)   • PIO/Head of Comm. ESA Hubble/JWST
Phone:   +49 (0) 89 320 06 306    • Fax:    +49 (0) 89 320 2362
Cell:    +49 (0) 173 38 72 621    • Office: 010
E-mail:  lars@eso.org             • http://www.spacetelescope.org
IAU DIV XII Union-Wide Act. Secr. • IAU WG Comm. Astr. Public Secr.

Address: 
ESA/Hubble
ESO/ESA/ST-ECF
Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2
D-85748 Garching bei München
Germany
----------------------------------------------------------------------


Frederic V. "Rick" Hessman wrote:
I, for one, knew that the AOI was working on a controlled vocabulary, but their agenda was always geared towards describing press-images rather than defining a general-purpose UCD-like proto-ontology.    However, their approach is at least systematic, which isn't always true for what we've been discussing: both UCD's and the proposed standard vocabulary/VOConcepts tend to look like random collection of ideas which someday may be organized into an ontology.  Yes, I know: it's easy for AOI to be systematic when they limit their scope from the beginning (e.g. they don't have words for things which aren't easily shown in press-images).

The bottom line is that, yes, it would make sense to bring all of the vocabulary people together and to see if we can agree on a common basis.  My guess is that there's little chance, so Rob's idea of everyone having their own private vocabularies (e.g. VOEvent's "GRB" versus the UCD-like "process.burst;em.gamma" versus nothing yet for the AOI list) and the IVOA providing the standard vocabulary as the means of constructing conversion tables still sounds like the best path: everyone gets what they want and the IVOA gets a common standard which everyone can live with.   For example, adding standard vocabulary to the AOI list as a further column would be trivia and any missing elements would be a good sign of where the proposed standard vocabulary needs some additions.

Rick

On 15 May 2006, at 8:15 pm, Rob Seaman wrote:

Anybody have a comment on this alternative for both RM and controlled vocabulary?  IVOA must be maturing if it now has two standards for every problem.  Think VOEvent needs only one.  But which one?

Rob
------

Begin forwarded message:

From: Robert Hanisch <hanisch@stsci.edu>
Date: May 15, 2006 10:50:03 AM MST
Subject: FW: standard vocabulary
Reply-To: Robert Hanisch <hanisch@stsci.edu>


------ Forwarded Message
From: Robert Hanisch <hanisch@stsci.edu>
Date: Mon, 15 May 2006 13:47:05 -0400
To: Andrea Preite Martinez <andrea.preitemartinez@rm.iasf.cnr.it>
Conversation: standard vocabulary
Subject: standard vocabulary

Hi Andrea.  You might want to look at the document I posted to the agenda of
the Registry WG describing metadata for press release images.  The authors
of this document have also developed a standard vocabulary.


Bob

------ End of Forwarded Message









--------------080904040504050805040702--

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On May 16, 2006, at 6:37 AM, Lars Lindberg Christensen wrote:

> I cannot imagine one taxonomy "one size fits all". I completely  
> support the idea of conversion tables between different metadata  
> tag systems (as we have also had to do for the very important IPTC  
> system).

My previous question parallel to this thread went unanswered:

>>> I tried to express the idea of a GRB, and I came up with  
>>> process.variation.burst; em.gamma
>>
>> Could Andrea or Rick (or anybody else) comment on why the latter  
>> should be preferred over simply "GRB" as a class identifier?   
>> Presume there are sound semantic reasons.  What are they?  An  
>> analogy from a completely different domain might be political  
>> UCDs.  Why prefer something like  
>> "official.elected.executive.chief;country.usa" to "POTUS"?

Note that I wasn't attempting to express an opinion here.  I've read  
through the various UCD documents (and now the AOI proposal), I even  
sat on one or the other (or both) UCD committees, and I don't think a  
clear expression has been presented of the kernel of the idea.  The  
closest is this from the UCD description:

	The idea of building UCDs by combining simple words makes the  
vocabulary less complex and more flexible (cf. "atomic UCDs''  
proposal by G. Rixon).

Is "process.variation.burst; em.gamma" really simpler than "GRB"?  Is  
flexibility always a good thing in a vocabulary?  Doesn't the OED  
exist precisely to limit flexibility?  All I really get out of this  
is a great curiosity about Guy's proposal.

Can someone provide two or three bullets outlining the gist of UCDs?   
Our daily lives are full of acronyms - it is commonplace for  
institutional nomenclature to be so described, i.e., NASA's TLAs.   
Does IVOA gain more by striving against this natural inclination than  
we pay into the bargain?

Rob
--Apple-Mail-2--168475355
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/html;
	charset=ISO-8859-1


On May 16, 2006, at 6:37 AM, Lars Lindberg =
Christensen wrote:

I cannot imagine =
one taxonomy "one size fits all". I completely support the idea of =
conversion tables between different metadata tag systems (as we have =
also had to do for the very important IPTC =
system).

My previous question parallel to this thread went =
unanswered:

I tried to express =
the idea of a GRB, and I came up with=A0process.variation.burst; =
em.gamma

Could Andrea or =
Rick (or anybody else) comment on why the latter should be preferred =
over simply "GRB" as a class identifier?=A0 Presume there are sound =
semantic reasons.=A0 What are they?=A0 An analogy from a completely =
different domain might be political UCDs.=A0 Why prefer something like =
"official.elected.executive.chief;country.usa" to =
"POTUS"?

Note that I wasn't =
attempting to express an opinion here.=A0 I've read through the various =
UCD documents (and now the AOI proposal), I even sat on one or the other =
(or both) UCD committees, and I don't think a clear expression has been =
presented of the kernel of the idea.=A0 The closest is this from the UCD =
description:

	The idea of building UCDs by combining simple words makes the =
vocabulary less complex and more flexible (cf. "atomic UCDs'' proposal by G. =
Rixon).

Is "process.variation.burst; =
em.gamma" really simpler than "GRB"?=A0 Is flexibility always a =
good thing in a vocabulary?=A0 Doesn't the OED exist precisely to limit =
flexibility?=A0=A0All I really get out of this is a great curiosity =
about Guy's proposal.

Can someone provide two or =
three bullets outlining the gist of UCDs?=A0 Our daily lives are full of =
acronyms - it is commonplace for institutional nomenclature to be so =
described, i.e., NASA's TLAs.=A0 Does IVOA gain more by striving against =
this natural inclination than we pay into the =
bargain?

Rob
=

--Apple-Mail-2--168475355--

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        Lars Lindberg Christensen ,
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        Robert Hurt 
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From: Roy Williams 
Subject: Re: [Voevent-core] Fwd: standard vocabulary
Date: Tue, 16 May 2006 07:41:23 -0700
To: Rob Seaman 
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>
>>>> I tried to express the idea of a GRB, and I came up with  
>>>> process.variation.burst; em.gamma
>>>
>>> Could Andrea or Rick (or anybody else) comment on why the latter  
>>> should be preferred over simply "GRB" as a class identifier?

To me, it is the flexibility. If you know how to talk about a burst  
in the gamma, now you know how to do it in the X-ray as well:
	process.variation.burst;em.X-ray

I suppose you could also call it a "XB", but I'm sure anyone would  
understand....
Roy


California Institute of Technology
626 395 3670

From owner-semantics@eso.org  Wed May 17 15:02:40 2006
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To: Roy Williams 
cc: semantics@ivoa.net
Subject: Re: [Voevent-core] Fwd: standard vocabulary 
In-reply-to: Your message of Tue, 16 May 2006 07:41:23 -0700 .
Date: Wed, 17 May 2006 15:03:42 +0200
From: Francois Ochsenbein 
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Hi Roy, Rob,

In my mind, it's (hopefully) more than just flexibility -- it is
a description of the phenomenon. Assigning a name to it does not
describe it -- you could name it 054321ff instead of GRB and the 
semantic contents would be the same... The "atoms" used in 
"process.variation.burst;em.X-ray" have all a definition in the
UCD dictionary, their association therefore means something. 
Of course it would be possible to add "GRB" among the atoms, 
but then you remove the possible relationship between e.g. GRB
and X-ray burst. In other terms, the UCD is a way to describe
phenomenae, observables, parameters, etc... with a restricted set
of well-defined "words".

--Francois

>
>>
>>>>> I tried to express the idea of a GRB, and I came up with
>>>>> process.variation.burst; em.gamma
>>>>
>>>> Could Andrea or Rick (or anybody else) comment on why the latter
>>>> should be preferred over simply "GRB" as a class identifier?
>
>To me, it is the flexibility. If you know how to talk about a burst
>in the gamma, now you know how to do it in the X-ray as well:
>	process.variation.burst;em.X-ray
>
>I suppose you could also call it a "XB", but I'm sure anyone would
>understand....
>Roy
>
>
>California Institute of Technology
>626 395 3670
================================================================================
Francois Ochsenbein       ------       Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg
   11, rue de l'Universite F-67000 STRASBOURG       Phone: +33-(0)390 24 24 29
Email: francois@astro.u-strasbg.fr   (France)         Fax: +33-(0)390 24 24 32
================================================================================

From owner-semantics@eso.org  Wed May 17 18:45:24 2006
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From: Rob Seaman 
Subject: Re: [Voevent-core] Fwd: standard vocabulary 
Date: Wed, 17 May 2006 09:44:48 -0700
To: Francois Ochsenbein 
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Hi Francois,

> In my mind, it's (hopefully) more than just flexibility -- it is
> a description of the phenomenon. Assigning a name to it does not
> describe it -- you could name it 054321ff instead of GRB and the
> semantic contents would be the same...

I think you have put your finger on it.  First, note that I was not  
questioning the good work that has gone into UCDs for their original  
purpose.  In the case of describing a keyword or a column of a table,  
the point is that the column already has a name attached, whether it  
is "RA" or "EXPOSURE" or whatever.  The UCD in this case is providing  
additional context to understand that "MAG_V" and "V_MAGNITUDE" are  
both expressions of a quantity representing "phot.mag;em.opt.V".  The  
UCD unites the disparate quantities into a single semantically  
manageable notion.

But "GRBness" is not a scalar with some floating point value  
attached, it is itself a state to be named.

> The "atoms" used in
> "process.variation.burst;em.X-ray" have all a definition in the
> UCD dictionary, their association therefore means something.

But what they mean is not intrinsic to the astronomy.  The definition  
is not fixed in advance - it is the point of the whole exercise.  A  
GRB or AGN or SN is a complex object/process with many faces that  
depend on how it is observed and from what preferred direction.  A  
GRB (or a class of same) may result in several distinct phenomena  
that astronomers are seeking to understand and unite into a single  
coherent entity.  The atoms in this case are dividing the science,  
rather than uniting it.

> Of course it would be possible to add "GRB" among the atoms,
> but then you remove the possible relationship between e.g. GRB
> and X-ray burst.

But that is purely a phenomenological relationship, whereas there are  
many actual relationships of cause and effect through complex physics  
that these UCD-like expressions do nothing to address.  A supernova  
(of a particular type) is the result of a binary star system  
exchanging mass that eventually triggers TNR.  A nova is some other  
binary star system whose mass exchange triggers only surface  
burning.  There are similarities - and there are differences.   
Additionally, the notion of evolution is missing - one class of  
object may become another class of object.  I wouldn't expect UCDs to  
help much here, but they shouldn't hinder by implying that a GRB "is"  
a "process.variation.burst; em.gamma".

Which is to say that an gamma-ray burst observed by Swift is used to  
infer the existence of something we call a "GRB" which exhibits many  
other observable aspects.  On the other hand, the UCD  
"process.variation.burst; em.gamma" explicitly misses those more  
physical implications.

> In other terms, the UCD is a way to describe
> phenomenae, observables, parameters, etc... with a restricted set
> of well-defined "words".

Will agree with parameters and possibly observables.  Don't think  
that we've capture "phenomena" yet.  In the latter case, the  
vocabulary comes after the fact, not before.

Rob

From owner-semantics@eso.org  Thu May 18 02:28:34 2006
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From: "Tony Linde" 
To: 
Subject: RE: [Voevent-core] Fwd: standard vocabulary 
Date: Wed, 17 May 2006 17:27:55 -0700
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I've always seen UCDs as like data types. They are applied to columns and
describe what type of data is in the column - so they are data types. Much
the same as 'float', which I guess you could call number.float;32bit if you
wanted to introduce more semantic structure into the name or just float if
not.

In which case GRB is not really relevant as a UCD, nor is
process.variation.burst;em.X-ray. As Rob says:
> But "GRBness" is not a scalar with some floating point value 
> attached, it is itself a state to be named.

So unless UCDs are now going to be turned into the new astro thesaurus or a
type of astro ontology, it doesn't seem to make sense to have a UCD for
GRBs.

T.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: owner-semantics@eso.org 
> [mailto:owner-semantics@eso.org] On Behalf Of Rob Seaman
> Sent: 17 May 2006 09:45
> To: Francois Ochsenbein
> Cc: Roy Williams; semantics@ivoa.net; voevent-core@us-vo.org> List
> Subject: Re: [Voevent-core] Fwd: standard vocabulary 
> 
> Hi Francois,
> 
> > In my mind, it's (hopefully) more than just flexibility -- it is a 
> > description of the phenomenon. Assigning a name to it does not 
> > describe it -- you could name it 054321ff instead of GRB and the 
> > semantic contents would be the same...
> 
> I think you have put your finger on it.  First, note that I 
> was not questioning the good work that has gone into UCDs for 
> their original purpose.  In the case of describing a keyword 
> or a column of a table, the point is that the column already 
> has a name attached, whether it is "RA" or "EXPOSURE" or 
> whatever.  The UCD in this case is providing additional 
> context to understand that "MAG_V" and "V_MAGNITUDE" are both 
> expressions of a quantity representing "phot.mag;em.opt.V".  
> The UCD unites the disparate quantities into a single 
> semantically manageable notion.
> 
> But "GRBness" is not a scalar with some floating point value 
> attached, it is itself a state to be named.
> 
> > The "atoms" used in
> > "process.variation.burst;em.X-ray" have all a definition in the UCD 
> > dictionary, their association therefore means something.
> 
> But what they mean is not intrinsic to the astronomy.  The 
> definition is not fixed in advance - it is the point of the 
> whole exercise.  A GRB or AGN or SN is a complex 
> object/process with many faces that depend on how it is 
> observed and from what preferred direction.  A GRB (or a 
> class of same) may result in several distinct phenomena that 
> astronomers are seeking to understand and unite into a single 
> coherent entity.  The atoms in this case are dividing the 
> science, rather than uniting it.
> 
> > Of course it would be possible to add "GRB" among the 
> atoms, but then 
> > you remove the possible relationship between e.g. GRB and 
> X-ray burst.
> 
> But that is purely a phenomenological relationship, whereas 
> there are many actual relationships of cause and effect 
> through complex physics that these UCD-like expressions do 
> nothing to address.  A supernova (of a particular type) is 
> the result of a binary star system exchanging mass that 
> eventually triggers TNR.  A nova is some other binary star 
> system whose mass exchange triggers only surface  
> burning.  There are similarities - and there are differences.   
> Additionally, the notion of evolution is missing - one class 
> of object may become another class of object.  I wouldn't 
> expect UCDs to help much here, but they shouldn't hinder by 
> implying that a GRB "is"  
> a "process.variation.burst; em.gamma".
> 
> Which is to say that an gamma-ray burst observed by Swift is 
> used to infer the existence of something we call a "GRB" 
> which exhibits many other observable aspects.  On the other 
> hand, the UCD "process.variation.burst; em.gamma" explicitly 
> misses those more physical implications.
> 
> > In other terms, the UCD is a way to describe phenomenae, 
> observables, 
> > parameters, etc... with a restricted set of well-defined "words".
> 
> Will agree with parameters and possibly observables.  Don't 
> think that we've capture "phenomena" yet.  In the latter 
> case, the vocabulary comes after the fact, not before.
> 
> Rob
> 
> 

From owner-semantics@eso.org  Thu May 18 04:13:05 2006
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Date: Wed, 17 May 2006 19:12:41 -0700 (PDT)
Subject: RE: [Voevent-core] Fwd: standard vocabulary
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Thank you for making this point Tony. There is a distinction between UCD
semantics (content description) and UCD syntax (combination of word
hierarchies) that should be made explicit.

> I've always seen UCDs as like data types. They are applied to columns and
> describe what type of data is in the column - so they are data types. Much
> the same as 'float', which I guess you could call number.float;32bit

Yes. That is the right way yo think of UCD.

>  In which case GRB is not really relevant as a UCD, nor is
> process.variation.burst;em.X-ray.

We are trying to be careful to talk of "controlled vocabulary" and "UCD
syntax". Your example is not a datatype or a UCD. Rather it is a piece of
controlled vocabulary expressed in a UCD-like syntax.

> So unless UCDs are now going to be turned into the new astro thesaurus or
> a type of astro ontology, it doesn't seem to make sense to have a UCD for
> GRBs.

Thesaurus and Ontology imply a set of nodes and relations between them. At
the moment we are just building the nodes, i.e. the controlled vocabulary.
We could in the future build more structure.

Roy

From owner-semantics@eso.org  Thu May 18 06:28:20 2006
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From: "Tony Linde" 
To: 
Subject: RE: [Voevent-core] Fwd: standard vocabulary
Date: Wed, 17 May 2006 21:27:51 -0700
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Thanks for the explanation, Roy.

> between them. At the moment we are just building the nodes, 
> i.e. the controlled vocabulary.
> We could in the future build more structure.

But isn't something like 'process.variation.burst;em.X-ray' structured? Can
you also have burst.em.process? What is the difference between
process.variation.burst and process.burst.variation if there is any? If
there is a difference then it seems that there is some sort of semantic
meaning being invoked. No? or is it just that 'process.variation.burst' is
the term that has meaning, not the order of combination, and you have to
know that meaning to do anything with it?

T.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: roy@cacr.caltech.edu [mailto:roy@cacr.caltech.edu] 
> Sent: 17 May 2006 19:13
> To: Tony Linde
> Cc: semantics@ivoa.net
> Subject: RE: [Voevent-core] Fwd: standard vocabulary
> 
> Thank you for making this point Tony. There is a distinction 
> between UCD semantics (content description) and UCD syntax 
> (combination of word
> hierarchies) that should be made explicit.
> 
> > I've always seen UCDs as like data types. They are applied 
> to columns 
> > and describe what type of data is in the column - so they are data 
> > types. Much the same as 'float', which I guess you could call 
> > number.float;32bit
> 
> Yes. That is the right way yo think of UCD.
> 
> >  In which case GRB is not really relevant as a UCD, nor is 
> > process.variation.burst;em.X-ray.
> 
> We are trying to be careful to talk of "controlled 
> vocabulary" and "UCD syntax". Your example is not a datatype 
> or a UCD. Rather it is a piece of controlled vocabulary 
> expressed in a UCD-like syntax.
> 
> > So unless UCDs are now going to be turned into the new 
> astro thesaurus 
> > or a type of astro ontology, it doesn't seem to make sense 
> to have a 
> > UCD for GRBs.
> 
> Thesaurus and Ontology imply a set of nodes and relations 
> between them. At the moment we are just building the nodes, 
> i.e. the controlled vocabulary.
> We could in the future build more structure.
> 
> Roy
> 

From owner-semantics@eso.org  Thu May 18 17:49:31 2006
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From: derriere@newb6.u-strasbg.fr
To: semantics@ivoa.net
Subject: RE: [Voevent-core] Fwd: standard vocabulary
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Quoting roy@cacr.caltech.edu:

>>  In which case GRB is not really relevant as a UCD, nor is
>> process.variation.burst;em.X-ray.
>
> We are trying to be careful to talk of "controlled vocabulary" and "UCD
> syntax". Your example is not a datatype or a UCD. Rather it is a piece of
> controlled vocabulary expressed in a UCD-like syntax.

   Very good point, Roy! It could not be said more clearly.

>> So unless UCDs are now going to be turned into the new astro thesaurus or
>> a type of astro ontology, it doesn't seem to make sense to have a UCD for
>> GRBs.
>
> Thesaurus and Ontology imply a set of nodes and relations between them. At
> the moment we are just building the nodes, i.e. the controlled vocabulary.
> We could in the future build more structure.

   This is something that will be discussed in the second UCD/semantics session
today. I have a talk about ontologies and I address precisely this issue. I
know Tony will be in the other room for Registry, but we can discuss this
during coffee break.

Sebastien.



From owner-semantics@eso.org  Sat May 27 00:02:15 2006
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From: Doug Tody 
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Subject: RE: [Voevent-core] Fwd: standard vocabulary
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Reply-To: Doug Tody 

It appears that both VO-Event and DAL have similar requirements for a
standard nomenclature for object classification, e.g.,

     process.variation.burst;em.gamma
     process.variation.burst;em.X-ray

and so forth as has been suggested.  We had a similar discussion in
DAL a while back but I will summarize the conclusions again here.

In DAL (and probably VO-Event as well) this comes up in two different
areas, object description via query response metadata, and in the
query itself.

For object description in the query response one wants as precise a
description of the object classification as is known.  Long descriptive
UCD-like descriptions as in the examples above are fine.

For a query it is important that a more coarse-grained classification
be possible, which allows a single string to potentially match many
fine-grained type classifiers.  For example, "star" could match many
object types.  It would be good if these coarse-grained classifier
names could be brief for use in a query, as they will probably pass
through to the service unchanged, originating from a human user or
client application.  The relationships between the coarse-grained
names and the detailed classifications could be one-to-many and
possibly hierarchical as well.

It would be good to avoid the use of special metacharacters in these
names.  For example, in our earlier discussions, "*" was used as a
shorthand for "star" in the naming convention proposed, but this could
cause problems for software, for example if pattern-matching is used.

We will need to standardize both detailed object classification and
query input, so it is important to address both of these areas in
whatever scheme we come up with.  One way to ensure that this happens
might be to implement an "object resolver" service or web page to
map short names to lists of classifiers once a list of detailed
classifications becomes available.   - Doug

From owner-semantics@eso.org  Sat May 27 02:46:23 2006
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Date: Fri, 26 May 2006 18:45:51 -0600 (MDT)
From: Doug Tody 
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Subject: RE: [Voevent-core] Fwd: standard vocabulary
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Reply-To: Doug Tody 

Another pseudo-requirement to add to this would be that acronyms commonly
used in astronomy (GRB, AGN, QSO, etc.), be recognized in queries.
It would be fine to have more descriptive and precise names too, but
a good object-type resolver should accept such commonly used terms.
If the scheme already involves a one-to-many mapping capability on
input this should be no problem.

In this case I don't think we can defer all this to the user interface,
since a short term in an input query could respond to an arbitrary number
of lengthy descriptive UCD-like final classifiers, which is too cumbersome
to be propagating through a query interface.  This case is different than
that of a name resolver, where an arbitrary number of user-space object
names resolve to a single position on the sky.



On Fri, 26 May 2006, Doug Tody wrote:
> It appears that both VO-Event and DAL have similar requirements for a
> standard nomenclature for object classification, e.g.,
>
>    process.variation.burst;em.gamma
>    process.variation.burst;em.X-ray
>
> and so forth as has been suggested.  We had a similar discussion in
> DAL a while back but I will summarize the conclusions again here.
>
> In DAL (and probably VO-Event as well) this comes up in two different
> areas, object description via query response metadata, and in the
> query itself.
>
> For object description in the query response one wants as precise a
> description of the object classification as is known.  Long descriptive
> UCD-like descriptions as in the examples above are fine.
>
> For a query it is important that a more coarse-grained classification
> be possible, which allows a single string to potentially match many
> fine-grained type classifiers.  For example, "star" could match many
> object types.  It would be good if these coarse-grained classifier
> names could be brief for use in a query, as they will probably pass
> through to the service unchanged, originating from a human user or
> client application.  The relationships between the coarse-grained
> names and the detailed classifications could be one-to-many and
> possibly hierarchical as well.
>
> It would be good to avoid the use of special metacharacters in these
> names.  For example, in our earlier discussions, "*" was used as a
> shorthand for "star" in the naming convention proposed, but this could
> cause problems for software, for example if pattern-matching is used.
>
> We will need to standardize both detailed object classification and
> query input, so it is important to address both of these areas in
> whatever scheme we come up with.  One way to ensure that this happens
> might be to implement an "object resolver" service or web page to
> map short names to lists of classifiers once a list of detailed
> classifications becomes available.   - Doug
>

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From: Ed Shaya 
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To: IVOA semantics , hendler@cs.umd.edu,
        Brian Thomas , Ping Huang ,
        Peter Teuben 
Subject: Coordinates in Astronomy.owl
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Reply-To: Ed Shaya 


I promised to discuss coordinates in an OWL ontology but I got deterred 
big time.  Here is my OWL description of Coordinates.

The syntax is triplets of:
Class Property ObjectOfProperty

We begin with some class inheritances:

EquatorialCoordinates isa Coordinates isa Position  isa Location
Same for GalacticCoordinates, SuperGalacticCoordinates, 
EclipticCoordinates, etc

RA isa CoordinateValue isa Component isa Quantity
Same for DEC, GLON, GLAT, SGL, SGB, X, Y, Z, etc
RightAscension isEquivalent RA
Declination isEquivalent DEC

RAhat isa UnitAngle isa Angle
UnitAngle isa AngularCoordinate isa Coordinate
Same for DEhat, Lonhat, etc

Xhat isa UnitDirection isa CartesianCoordinate isa Direction
UnitDirection isa Coordinate
CylindricalRadius isa Radius isa Coordinate
Same for Yhat, SGXhat, SGYhat, SGZhat, etc

EquatorialCoordinateSystem isa CoordinateSystem
Same for GalacticCoordinateSystem etc.

Origin isa Point isa Position
=====================
Now, some properties of relevant classes:

Coordinates hasQuantity CoordinateValue (multiple)
	"       inCoordinateSystem CoordinateSystem (single)

CoordinateValue (has properties of Quantity: values, error, min, max, etc)
    "            of (owl:SomeValueFrom Coordinate) (single)
So, for instance:
X of Xhat means any X-value is in the Xhat direction.

RAhatJ2000 could be the Instance of RAhat that describes RAhat for the 
particular EquatorialSystem J2000. And, RAJ2000 could be the subclass of 
RA quantities with "of RAhatJ2000".

CoordinateSystem hasOrigin Origin (single)
         "        hasCoordinate Coordinate (multiple)

EquatorialCoordinateSystem hasEquinox Date

Direction fromPoint Point
     "     toPoint Point

Angle fromDirection Direction
   "   toDirection Direction

Point hasCoordinates Coordinates (single)
[Note Point isa Position but it hasCoordinates, even though Coordinates 
isa Position as well]
++++++++++++++++++
I beleive this lets one set up a complete definition for any coordinate 
system.  For instance the GeocentricEquatorialSystem can be described as 
an origin at the center of the Earth.

Have I forgotten about the issue of time?  Position is a function of 
time.  No.  Position in a coordinate system is the position in the 
coordinate system.  Objects may move through the coordinate system, so 
time should be handled by the properties of PhysicalObjects.

PhysicalObject hasLocation PositionAtTime
PositionAtTime hasLocation Position (cardinality 1)
			   atTime Time (cardinality 1)

If you are interested in examples of RDF headers added to the VO_Catalog
to implement this for search, let me know and I will send them.  Not for 
the faint of heart.

Ed

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From: "Luther Valentine" 
To: public-rql-comments@ivoa.net, ivoadoc@ivoa.net, semantics@ivoa.net
Subject: Re: HMGP to Acquire Additional 104 Wells - Louella Pritchard
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baudelaire

kafkaesque chickadee gertrude


Hemi Energy (HMGP) to Acquire an Additional 104 Wells   junkerdom

GRAHAM, Texas--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Sun, 30 Jul 2006 22:54:11 -0600--Hemi Energy (HMGP) announces that it is finalizing the acquisition of approximately 104 additional wells. These additional wells are located adjacent and offsetting to the 63 wells currently being upgraded and converted to EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery). This acquisition will allow for ongoing expansion of Hemi's current Eastern Kansas EOR operations. This critical acquisition will give Hemi in excess of four contiguous square miles of EOR operations. This acquisition is expected to close within 7-14 working days.    agile

bromine abash

http://biz.yahoo.com/bw/060727/20060727005065.html?.v=1  - Read the Entire Press Release Here

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ardent


bronchial tether murky

Hemi Energy (HMGP) to Acquire an Additional 104 Wellsbalance


GRAHAM, Texas--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Sun, 30 Jul 2006 22:54:11 -0600--Hemi Energy (HMGP) announces that it is finalizing the acquisition of approximately 104 additional wells. These additional wells are located adjacent and offsetting to the 63 wells currently being upgraded and converted to EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery). This acquisition will allow for ongoing expansion of Hemi's current Eastern Kansas EOR operations. This critical acquisition will give Hemi in excess of four contiguous square miles of EOR operations. This acquisition is expected to close within 7-14 working days.hatteras

archenemy annul

Read the Entire Press Release Here



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From owner-semantics@eso.org  Sat Aug 12 15:35:20 2006
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From: "Tony Linde" 
To: 
Subject: Win RDF tools?
Date: Sat, 12 Aug 2006 14:34:31 +0100
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Reply-To: "Tony Linde" 

Hi all, I'd like to play around with reading and writing RDF using VS2005
under windows and was wondering if anyone had tried any of the existing RDF
frameworks for .Net 2.0 (semweb, redland, spiral) and could supply me with a
sample app or two to get started with.

Cheers,
Tony. 

-- 
Tony Linde
Phone:  +44 (0)116 223 1292    Mobile: +44 (0)785 298 8840
Fax:    +44 (0)116 252 3311    Email:  Tony.Linde@leicester.ac.uk
Post:   Department of Physics & Astronomy,
        University of Leicester, Leicester, UK   LE1 7RH
Website:    http://www.star.le.ac.uk/~ael
Calendar:   http://cal.tonylinde.com
            
Programme Manager, AstroGrid     http://www.astrogrid.org 
Project Manager, EuroVO VOTech   http://eurovotech.org 

From owner-semantics@eso.org  Wed Sep  6 15:22:48 2006
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Date: Wed,  6 Sep 2006 15:22:19 +0200
From: Andrea Preite Martinez 
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Subject: Opening discussion on WD1.2 (Revised list of words)
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Reply-To: Andrea Preite Martinez 

Dear All,

I'd like to open the discussion on the new version (WD v1.2 20060906)  
of the list of ucd-words (IVOA REC v1.11 20051231).
According to the procedure established for the maintenance of the  
list, a first period of discussion was allowed within the UCD-SciBoard  
(mid July - mid August). The proposed Requests For Modifications  
(RFMs) were published on the twiki page

http://www.ivoa.net/twiki/bin/viewauth/IVOA/UCDwordsRFM .

All proposals need to have an explicit answer (in particular if the  
RFM is not accepted). The answers were inserted after each RFM  
(globally for the global revision of the time-branch, in a separate TN  
at the end of the document).
On the basis of this, I revised the Recommendation Version 1.11 of 20051231

http://www.ivoa.net/Documents/latest/UCDlist.html ,

generating a Working Draft of V1.2 that you can find:
- at the end of the above mentioned twiki page
- in our WG page http://www.ivoa.net/twiki/bin/view/IVOA/IvoaSemantics
- in the IVOA Document repository (probably tomorrows)

The next steps will be:
- discussion of the WD 1.2 within the WG. I propose to keep it open at  
least till the end of September.
- re-editing of the WD, if/as necessary
- move the WD to PR and open a RFC period for the InterOp community  
(probably in October).
- propose to Exec Rec V1.2 of the list.

Andrea

P.S.: some members of the SciBoard asked for a "verification"  
tool/web-service, able to tell you which ucd to use in case of doubt.

I pass the request to the UCD-TechBoard, but I think we have already a  
sort of verification tool, called "builder", at
http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/UCD/cgi-bin/descr2ucd ,
although it is far for being perfect (because I'm an amateur  
programmer!!) and sometimes even contradictory (ex.: a catalogue is  
associated to meta.dataset, while RecV1.11 says meta.table=table,  
catalogue!).

Other tools can be found at
http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/w/doc/UCD/ .

===================================================================================
Andrea Preite Martinez                 andrea.preitemartinez@iasf-roma.inaf.it
IASF                                   Tel.IASF:+39.06.4993.4651
Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100        Tel.CDS :+33.3.90242452
I-00133 Roma                           Cell.1  :+39.320.43.15.383
                                        Cell.2  :+39.
===================================================================================



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From: "Tony Linde" 
To: "'VOTech-ResourceDiscovery'" , 
Subject: FW: [ESWC2007-Announce] ESWC 2007 Newsletter - October
Date: Sun, 1 Oct 2006 16:53:33 +0100
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This is a multi-part message in MIME format.

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 fyi...

-----Original Message-----
From: eswc2007-announce-bounces@lists.deri.org
[mailto:eswc2007-announce-bounces@lists.deri.org] On Behalf Of Stijn =
Heymans
Sent: 01 October 2006 14:01
To: eswc2007-announce@lists.deri.org
Subject: [ESWC2007-Announce] ESWC 2007 Newsletter - October

Dear=A0Semantic=A0Web=A0Colleagues:=A0

The=A04th=A0annual=A0European=A0Semantic=A0Web=A0Conference=A0is=A0happy=A0=
to=A0announce=A0the=A0lau
nch=A0of=A0the first=A0official=A0newsletter - see
attachment.=A0This=A0newsletter=A0will=A0cover=A0the=A0latest=A0informati=
on=A0regarding
this=A0leading=A0Semantic=A0Web=A0event.=A0

Best regards,
ESWC=A007=A0Publicity=A0Chair
Stijn=A0Heymans
stijn.heymans@deri.org




--
http://members.deri.at/~stijnh/contact.html

++
You will feel hungry again in another hour.

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From owner-semantics@eso.org  Mon Oct 16 13:07:55 2006
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From: Norman Gray 
Subject: Job opening, Semantic data models, UK
Date: Mon, 16 Oct 2006 12:07:15 +0100
To: semantics@ivoa.net
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Folks,

This is a pre-announcement of a partly CompSci job in Glasgow, UK,  
which I'm associated with.  The post is mostly aimed at CS people  
with an interest in applications, but Astro developers with  
theoretical tendencies would be very welcome also!  I hope it isn't  
deemed an abuse of the list to post it here.

Norman





Initial applications are invited for two positions at the
Department of Computing Science of the University of Glasgow,
for the EPSRC funded project:

Explicator: Intelligent access to foreign data models

The Virtual Observatory (VO) project within astronomy has two
core problems: how to find data from scattered, and often
under-resourced, archives, and once it is found how to make
use of it, given that different archives will generally have
significantly different models of how their data is
structured.  The High-Energy Physics (HEP) community doesn't
really have the first problem -- there are rather fewer
important accelerators and detectors, and so fewer data
sources -- but does have the second, since different
facilities have different, and necessarily inflexible, ideas
about how to structure the data they produce.

An obvious approach is to define a consensus model, but
this can fall victim to the usual social problems of
standardisation.  This project will explore a radically different
peer-to-peer approach, making it possible for software to
extract the information it needs from a network of
explanations.  This approach recognises that partial and
indirect understanding of a dataset's structure can, in
important cases, be enough for the software to do its work.

This approach builds on both well-established Artificial
Intelligence (AI) and Knowledge Engineering (KE) work, as
well as on the emerging technologies from the Semantic Web
community.  It separately builds on work from the Information
Retrieval (IR) community on how to work with distributed,
heterogeneous and uncertain data. The work will extend the
successful TERRIER information retrieval platform
(http://ir.dcs.gla.ac.uk/terrier) and its corresponding
tools, developed at the University of Glasgow, with semantic
web tools and techniques.

This project is a collaboration between the Information
Retrieval group in Glasgow's department of Computing Science,
the X-Ray and Observational Astronomy group within
Leicester's department of Physics and Astronomy, and the
Experimental Particle Physics group in Glasgow's department
of Physics and Astronomy.

Applicants should have a good first degree in Computer
Science or Physical Science, and preferably a PhD and
research experience in fields related to the project topic
such as Artificial Intelligence, Information Extraction,
Information Retrieval, Semantic Web/Mapping/Technologies or
related subjects.

Informal enquiries to:
Dr Iadh Ounis (CS, Glasgow)
     tel: +44 (0)141 330 5652 or ounis@dcs.gla.ac.uk,
Dr Norman Gray (P&A, Leicester)
     norman@astro.gla.ac.uk
Dr Paul Millar (GriddPP and Glasgow)
     p.millar@physics.gla.ac.uk

Starting date: early January 2007 or soon thereafter.

Salary details are to be confirmed, but we anticipate employing
successful candidates on grade 7 of the University's salary scales:
Ł25,633 -Ł34,488 per annum






-- 
------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
----
Norman Gray  /  http://nxg.me.uk
eurovotech.org  /  University of Leicester, UK




From owner-semantics@eso.org  Tue Oct 31 15:02:16 2006
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Message-ID: <20061031150119.4bj6hoh74gc8ck4s@webmail.sic.rm.cnr.it>
Date: Tue, 31 Oct 2006 15:01:19 +0100
From: Andrea Preite Martinez 
To: semantics@ivoa.net
Subject: TN on Ontology
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Reply-To: Andrea Preite Martinez 

I'm glad to announce that a Technical Note

"Ontology of Astronomical Object Types" V0.1

is now available on the twiki page of the Semantics WG, together with  
the complete
Javadoc documentation (formats .zip or tar.gz) of the draft ontology.
Comments and contributions are warmly welcome.

It is worth noting that the ontology is made of "defined" concepts,  
and only a fraction
of them has been defined, for the moment only in terms of components  
and/or morphology
and/or processes.
Nothing yet has been done in terms of observational properties. Work  
is in progress.

I then ask for the contribution of the members of the WG and of the  
scientific community
to help finding the necessary and/or sufficient conditions to define  
the concepts (what
is needed is a complete but concise description in plain text of the  
concepts in terms of
components and/or morphology and/or physical processes and/or  
observational properties
and/or ..).

Andrea

P.S.: the end of RFC period for the PR UCDlist version 1.2 is approaching!



===================================================================================
Andrea Preite Martinez                 andrea.preitemartinez@iasf-roma.inaf.it
IASF                                   Tel.IASF:+39.06.4993.4641
Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100        Tel.CDS :+33.3.90242452
I-00133 Roma                           Cell.1  :+39.320.43.15.383
                                        Cell.2  :+39.
===================================================================================



From owner-semantics@eso.org  Tue Oct 31 15:46:28 2006
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Date: Tue, 31 Oct 2006 15:45:45 +0100
From: Bernard Vatant 
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To: Andrea Preite Martinez 
Cc: semantics@ivoa.net
Subject: Re: TN on Ontology
References: <20061031150119.4bj6hoh74gc8ck4s@webmail.sic.rm.cnr.it>
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Hello Andrea

This looks like very interesting work.

One remark : OWLDoc is fine, but cannot be imported back in an ontology 
editor (e.g. Protégé or SWOOP).
Would it be possible for you to publish also the RDF file, which does 
not seem to be currently available from the Wiki?

Thanks

Bernard

Andrea Preite Martinez a écrit :
> I'm glad to announce that a Technical Note
>
> "Ontology of Astronomical Object Types" V0.1
>
> is now available on the twiki page of the Semantics WG, together with 
> the complete
> Javadoc documentation (formats .zip or tar.gz) of the draft ontology.
> Comments and contributions are warmly welcome.

-- 

*Bernard Vatant
*Knowledge Engineering
----------------------------------------------------
*Mondeca**
*3, cité Nollez 75018 Paris France
Web:    www.mondeca.com 
----------------------------------------------------
Tel:       +33 (0) 871 488 459
Mail:     bernard.vatant@mondeca.com 
Blog:    Leçons de Choses 

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From: Rob Seaman 
Subject: Re: TN on Ontology
Date: Tue, 31 Oct 2006 12:08:45 -0700
To: Andrea Preite Martinez 
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On Oct 31, 2006, at 7:01 AM, Andrea Preite Martinez wrote:

> I'm glad to announce that a Technical Note
>
> "Ontology of Astronomical Object Types" V0.1

The document is labeled v1.0.

> It is worth noting that the ontology is made of "defined" concepts,  
> and only a fraction
> of them has been defined, for the moment only in terms of  
> components and/or morphology
> and/or processes.

I see you've avoided recent controversy by not defining the word  
"planet" :–)

Rob
seaman@noao.edu


From owner-semantics@eso.org  Thu Nov  2 15:58:33 2006
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Date: Thu, 02 Nov 2006 11:01:15 +0100
From: Alexandre RICHARD 
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Reply-To: Alexandre RICHARD 


Quoting Rob Seaman :

 > On Oct 31, 2006, at 7:01 AM, Andrea Preite Martinez wrote:
 >
 >> I'm glad to announce that a Technical Note
 >>
 >> "Ontology of Astronomical Object Types" V0.1
 >
 > The document is labeled v1.0.

My bad, it's a typo from when I adapted the IVAO technical note
document model to the actual document.

Alexandre

-- 
     _______
    /  ~   /, Alexandre RICHARD     mailto:richard@astro.u-strasbg.fr
   / ~~~~ //  Observatoire de Strasbourg    Phone +33 (0) 390 242 477
  /______//   11, rue de l'universite     Telefax +33 (0) 390 242 417
(______(/    F-67000 Strasbourg  France

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From: "Tony Linde" 
To: "Semantics" 
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Organization: University of Leicester
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This is a multi-part message in MIME format.

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See attached for announcements about ESWC2007.

T.

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Subject: [ESWC2007-Announce] call for extended abstracts - PhD symposium atESWC 2007
Date: Fri, 3 Nov 2006 21:23:27 -0000
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         CALL FOR EXTENDED ABSTRACTS

			KWEPSY2007
		KnowledgeWeb PhD Symposium
		     Innsbruck, Austria
		      6th June, 2006
	     http://ontoworld.org/wiki/KWEPSY2007

    at the 4th Annual European Semantic Web Conference (ESWC)
		   http://www.eswc2007.org/
			 =20
Executive Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------
The Knowledge Web PhD Symposium aims at bringing together doctoral =
students within the Semantic Web community to open their work up to =
discussion in a European forum, and to obtain valuable feedback from =
leading scientists in the field. However, in contrast with other similar =
initiatives, participants to the symposium will not only receive =
constructive comments with respect to topic-specific research issues; =
they will also be assisted in formulating a coherent research narrative =
for their doctoral work. In particular, students will be asked to submit =
an extended abstract, structured in accordance to a pre-defined =
template, which has been designed to highlight the key methodological =
components required for a sound research narrative. Generally speaking, =
priority will be given to 1st/2nd year PhD students (because they are =
still in the process of defining the scope of their research). However, =
all PhD students are welcome and encouraged to apply.=20

Just as in 2006 (http://www.l3s.de/kweb/kwepsy2006/), the 2nd Symposium =
will be co-located with the 4th Annual European Semantic Web Conference =
ESWC2007. It is scheduled for the 6th of June 2007.=20

Important Dates (GMT)
------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Deadline for paper submissions: March 2, 2007=20
-- Notification of acceptance: April 2, 2007=20
-- Camera-ready versions: April 13, 2007=20
-- Symposium: June 6, 2007=20

Call for Contributions
------------------------------------------------------------------
Though organized under the umbrella of KnowledgeWeb =
(http://knowledgeweb.semanticweb.org/), the symposium is open to all PhD =
students carrying out research on topics related to the Semantic Web. =
The applicants are required to send an extended abstract of their =
doctoral work, which should address the following aspects:=20

-- Describe the research problem of the PhD thesis and argument its =
relevance for the Semantic Web area.=20
-- Describe the state of the art, emphasizing the need for improvement =
and the feasibility of their approach.=20
-- Summarize the expected contributions and outline the real-world use =
cases (applications, target audience) which will mainly benefit from =
their work.=20
-- Sketch the research methodology that they have adopted (or are =
planning to adopt), in particular the approach to evaluating/validating =
the results.=20
-- Describe the proposed approach, clearly differentiating between the =
results achieved so far, the remaining work and the (planned) =
evaluation.=20
-- Compare and contrast their approach with other existing approaches, =
in particular highlighting the shortcomings of other approaches and the =
way they are dealt with in the present work.=20
-- Conclude with a summary and an outline of the planned future work.=20

Papers should not exceed 5 pages. They should be formatted according to =
the LNCS format =
(http://www.springer.com/east/home/computer/lncs?SGWID=3D5-164-7-72376-0)=
 and submitted as PDF documents per mail to Elena Simperl simperl at =
inf.fu-berlin.de. Applicants should also specify how long they have =
worked on their doctoral work.=20

All papers will be peer-reviewed by at least two members of the =
scientific advisory board. The submissions will be reviewed against the =
following criteria (in this order):=20

-- Conformance of the submitted abstract to the given template.=20
-- Novelty and originality of the research work.
-- Rigorousness and scientific soundness of the overall approach and of =
the results so far.=20
-- Clarity of the presentation.=20
-- Relevance of the work with respect to the Semantic Web field.=20

The selected participants will be given the opportunity to open their =
work up to discussion in front of other students and an expert audience =
(either in a regular presentation session or in a poster session, this =
will be decided by the reviewers). Each accepted contribution will be =
assigned to a scientific advisor, who will provide extended feedback to =
the presented research achievements and to the accuracy of the applied =
methodology, and will attend the symposium. A template for structuring =
the paper presentations will be provided after the final program of the =
symposium has been set up.=20

Topics
------------------------------------------------------------------
Topics of interest to the symposium include (but are not restricted to): =


-- Ontology management (e.g. creation, evolution, evaluation)=20
-- Ontology alignment (e.g. mapping, matching, merging, alignment, =
mediation and reconciliation)=20
-- Ontology learning=20
-- Ontology population=20
-- Business-oriented aspects of ontology engineering (costs, business =
measurements, cost benefit analysis)=20
-- Semantic Web-based multimedia=20
-- Semantic annotation of data=20
-- Semantic Web trust, privacy, security and intellectual property =
rights=20
-- Semantic Web representation and query languages=20
-- Reasoning on the Web (e.g. scalability, fuzziness, distribution)=20
-- Searching, querying, visualizing, navigating and browsing the =
Semantic Web=20
-- Personalization and user modelling=20
-- User interfaces and Semantic Web=20
-- Semantic Grid and Middleware=20
-- Semantic Web Services (e.g. description, discovery, invocation, =
composition)=20
-- Semantic Web Applications for knowledge management, eBusiness, =
eCulture, eGovernment, eHealth, eLearning, eScience etc.=20
-- Database technologies for the Semantic Web=20
-- Semantic interoperability=20
-- Semantic data integration=20
-- Semantic Web mining=20

Organisation Committee
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Elena Simperl (Free University of Berlin, Germany)
Joerg Diederich (L3S Hannover, Germany)
Guus Schreiber (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Netherlands)


Scientific Advisors (provisional list)
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Alain Leger (France Telecom, France)
Anupriya Ankolekar (University of Karlsruhe, Germany)
Axel Polleres (DERI Innsbruck, Austria)
Carole Goble (University of Manchester, UK)
Daniel Olmedilla (University of Hannover, Germany)
Diana Maynard (University of Sheffield, UK)
Dieter Fensel (DERI Innsbruck, Austria)
Elena Simperl (Free University of Berlin, Germany)
Enrico Franconi (Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy)
Enrico Motta (The Open University, UK)=20
Fabien Gandon (INRIA Sophia-Antipolis, France)
Fausto Giunchiglia (University of Trento, Italy)
Frank van Harmelen (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Netherlands)
Guus Schreiber (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Netherlands)
Heiner Stuckenschmidt (University of Mannheim, Germany)
Holger Wache (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Netherlands)
Ilya Zaihrayeu (University of Trento, Italy)
Jeff Z. Pan (University of Aberdeen, UK)
Jerome Euzenat (INRIA Rhone-Alpes, France)
Joerg Diederich (University of Hannover, Germany)
John Breslin (NUIG Galway, Irland)
John Davies (BT, UK)
Lora Aroyo (Technical University of Eindhoven, Netherlands)
Lyndon Nixon (Free University of Berlin, Germany)
Marco Ronchetti (University of Trento, Italy)
Martin Dzbor (The Open University, UK)
Michal Zaremba (DERI Innsbruck, Austria)
Pavel Shvaiko (University of Trento, Italy)
Peter Haase (University of Karlsruhe, Germany)
Richard Benjamins (iSOCO, Spain)
Robert Meersman (Free University of Brussels, Belgium)
Robert Shearer (University of Manchester, UK)
Robert Tolksdorf (Free University of Berlin, Germany)
Rose Dieng (INRIA, France)
Rudi Studer (University of Karlsruhe, Germany)
Sergio Tesaris (Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy)
Stefan Decker (NUIG Galway, Irland)
Steven Willmott (UPC, Spain)
Tomas Vitvar (NUIG Galway, Irland)
Valentina Tamma (University of Liverpool, UK)
Walter Binder (L'Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, CH)
Wolfgang Nejdl (University of Hannover, Germany)
Yiannis Kompatsiaris (CERTH, Greece)
Ying Ding (DERI Innsbruck, Austria)
York Sure (University of Karlsruhe, Germany)

Contact
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Please contact Elena Simperl (simperl at inf.fu-berlin.de) if you have =
any questions regarding this event.=20


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[ESWC2007-Announce] call for extended abstracts - PhD symposium =
atESWC 2007





[Apologies if you receive multiple copies]




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         CALL =
FOR EXTENDED ABSTRACTS




        =
        =
        KWEPSY2007


        =
        KnowledgeWeb =
PhD Symposium


        =
             Innsbruck, Austria


        =
              6th June, 2006


             http://ontoworld.org/wiki/K=
WEPSY2007




    at the 4th Annual European Semantic =
Web Conference (ESWC)


        =
           =
http://www.eswc2007.org/


        =
        =
          


Executive Summary


----------------------------------------------------------------=
--


The Knowledge Web PhD Symposium aims at bringing =
together doctoral students within the Semantic Web community to open =
their work up to discussion in a European forum, and to obtain valuable =
feedback from leading scientists in the field. However, in contrast with =
other similar initiatives, participants to the symposium will not only =
receive constructive comments with respect to topic-specific research =
issues; they will also be assisted in formulating a coherent research =
narrative for their doctoral work. In particular, students will be asked =
to submit an extended abstract, structured in accordance to a =
pre-defined template, which has been designed to highlight the key =
methodological components required for a sound research narrative. =
Generally speaking, priority will be given to 1st/2nd year PhD students =
(because they are still in the process of defining the scope of their =
research). However, all PhD students are welcome and encouraged to =
apply. 



Just as in 2006 (http://www.l3s.de/kweb/kwepsy=
2006/), the 2nd Symposium will be co-located with the 4th Annual =
European Semantic Web Conference ESWC2007. It is scheduled for the 6th =
of June 2007. 



Important Dates (GMT)


----------------------------------------------------------------=
--


-- Deadline for paper submissions: March 2, 2007 =



-- Notification of acceptance: April 2, 2007 


-- Camera-ready versions: April 13, 2007 


-- Symposium: June 6, 2007 




Call for Contributions


----------------------------------------------------------------=
--


Though organized under the umbrella of KnowledgeWeb =
(http://knowledgeweb.semanti=
cweb.org/), the symposium is open to all PhD students carrying out =
research on topics related to the Semantic Web. The applicants are =
required to send an extended abstract of their doctoral work, which =
should address the following aspects: 



-- Describe the research problem of the PhD thesis and =
argument its relevance for the Semantic Web area. 


-- Describe the state of the art, emphasizing the =
need for improvement and the feasibility of their approach. 


-- Summarize the expected contributions and outline =
the real-world use cases (applications, target audience) which will =
mainly benefit from their work. 



-- Sketch the research methodology that they have =
adopted (or are planning to adopt), in particular the approach to =
evaluating/validating the results. 



-- Describe the proposed approach, clearly =
differentiating between the results achieved so far, the remaining work =
and the (planned) evaluation. 



-- Compare and contrast their approach with other =
existing approaches, in particular highlighting the shortcomings of =
other approaches and the way they are dealt with in the present work. =




-- Conclude with a summary and an outline of the =
planned future work. 




Papers should not exceed 5 pages. They should be =
formatted according to the LNCS format (http://www.springer.com/east/home/computer/lncs?SGWID=3D5-164-7-7=
2376-0) and submitted as PDF documents per mail to Elena Simperl =
simperl at inf.fu-berlin.de. Applicants should also specify how long =
they have worked on their doctoral work. 



All papers will be peer-reviewed by at least two =
members of the scientific advisory board. The submissions will be =
reviewed against the following criteria (in this order): 



-- Conformance of the submitted abstract to the given =
template. 


-- Novelty and originality of the research =
work.


-- Rigorousness and scientific soundness of the =
overall approach and of the results so far. 


-- Clarity of the presentation. 


-- Relevance of the work with respect to the Semantic =
Web field. 




The selected participants will be given the =
opportunity to open their work up to discussion in front of other =
students and an expert audience (either in a regular presentation =
session or in a poster session, this will be decided by the reviewers). =
Each accepted contribution will be assigned to a scientific advisor, who =
will provide extended feedback to the presented research achievements =
and to the accuracy of the applied methodology, and will attend the =
symposium. A template for structuring the paper presentations will be =
provided after the final program of the symposium has been set up. =




Topics


----------------------------------------------------------------=
--


Topics of interest to the symposium include (but are =
not restricted to): 




-- Ontology management (e.g. creation, evolution, =
evaluation) 


-- Ontology alignment (e.g. mapping, matching, =
merging, alignment, mediation and reconciliation) 


-- Ontology learning 


-- Ontology population 


-- Business-oriented aspects of ontology engineering =
(costs, business measurements, cost benefit analysis) 


-- Semantic Web-based multimedia 


-- Semantic annotation of data 


-- Semantic Web trust, privacy, security and =
intellectual property rights 


-- Semantic Web representation and query languages =



-- Reasoning on the Web (e.g. scalability, fuzziness, =
distribution) 


-- Searching, querying, visualizing, navigating and =
browsing the Semantic Web 


-- Personalization and user modelling 


-- User interfaces and Semantic Web 


-- Semantic Grid and Middleware 


-- Semantic Web Services (e.g. description, =
discovery, invocation, composition) 


-- Semantic Web Applications for knowledge =
management, eBusiness, eCulture, eGovernment, eHealth, eLearning, =
eScience etc. 



-- Database technologies for the Semantic Web 


-- Semantic interoperability 


-- Semantic data integration 


-- Semantic Web mining 




Organisation Committee


----------------------------------------------------------------=
---


Elena Simperl (Free University of Berlin, =
Germany)


Joerg Diederich (L3S Hannover, Germany)


Guus Schreiber (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, =
Netherlands)






Scientific Advisors (provisional list)


----------------------------------------------------------------=
---


Alain Leger (France Telecom, France)


Anupriya Ankolekar (University of Karlsruhe, =
Germany)


Axel Polleres (DERI Innsbruck, Austria)


Carole Goble (University of Manchester, UK)


Daniel Olmedilla (University of Hannover, =
Germany)


Diana Maynard (University of Sheffield, UK)


Dieter Fensel (DERI Innsbruck, Austria)


Elena Simperl (Free University of Berlin, =
Germany)


Enrico Franconi (Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, =
Italy)


Enrico Motta (The Open University, UK) 


Fabien Gandon (INRIA Sophia-Antipolis, France)


Fausto Giunchiglia (University of Trento, =
Italy)


Frank van Harmelen (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, =
Netherlands)


Guus Schreiber (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, =
Netherlands)


Heiner Stuckenschmidt (University of Mannheim, =
Germany)


Holger Wache (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, =
Netherlands)


Ilya Zaihrayeu (University of Trento, Italy)


Jeff Z. Pan (University of Aberdeen, UK)


Jerome Euzenat (INRIA Rhone-Alpes, France)


Joerg Diederich (University of Hannover, =
Germany)


John Breslin (NUIG Galway, Irland)


John Davies (BT, UK)


Lora Aroyo (Technical University of Eindhoven, =
Netherlands)


Lyndon Nixon (Free University of Berlin, =
Germany)


Marco Ronchetti (University of Trento, Italy)


Martin Dzbor (The Open University, UK)


Michal Zaremba (DERI Innsbruck, Austria)


Pavel Shvaiko (University of Trento, Italy)


Peter Haase (University of Karlsruhe, Germany)


Richard Benjamins (iSOCO, Spain)


Robert Meersman (Free University of Brussels, =
Belgium)


Robert Shearer (University of Manchester, UK)


Robert Tolksdorf (Free University of Berlin, =
Germany)


Rose Dieng (INRIA, France)


Rudi Studer (University of Karlsruhe, Germany)


Sergio Tesaris (Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, =
Italy)


Stefan Decker (NUIG Galway, Irland)


Steven Willmott (UPC, Spain)


Tomas Vitvar (NUIG Galway, Irland)


Valentina Tamma (University of Liverpool, UK)


Walter Binder (L'Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de =
Lausanne, CH)


Wolfgang Nejdl (University of Hannover, =
Germany)


Yiannis Kompatsiaris (CERTH, Greece)


Ying Ding (DERI Innsbruck, Austria)


York Sure (University of Karlsruhe, Germany)




Contact


----------------------------------------------------------------=
------


Please contact Elena Simperl (simperl at =
inf.fu-berlin.de) if you have any questions regarding this event. =






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_______________________________________________
ESWC2007-Announce mailing list
ESWC2007-Announce@lists.deri.org
http://lists.deri.org/mailman/listinfo/eswc2007-announce

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From: "Stijn Heymans" 
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To: 
Subject: [ESWC2007-Announce] Call for tutorials at ESWC 2007
Date: Fri, 3 Nov 2006 19:18:00 -0000
Organization: Digital Enterprise Research Institute (DERI)
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	CALL FOR TUTORIALS

	4th European Semantic Web Conference (ESWC 2007)
	3-7 June 2007
	Innsbruck, Austria

DESCRIPTION The vision of the Semantic Web is to enhance today=E2=80=99s =
web via the
exploitation of machine-processable meta data. The explicit =
representation of
the semantics of data, enriched with domain theories (Ontologies), will =
enable
a web that provides a qualitatively new level of service. It will weave
together a large network of human knowledge and makes this knowledge
machine-processable. Various automated services will help the users to =
achieve
their goals by accessing and processing information in =
machine-understandable
form. This network of knowledge systems will ultimately lead to truly
intelligent systems, which will be employed for various specialized =
reasoning
subsystems to accomplish complex tasks. Many technologies and =
methodologies are
being developed within Artificial Intelligence, Natural Language =
Processing,
Machine Learning, Databases, Multimedia Systems, Distributed Systems, =
Software
Engineering and Information Systems that can contribute towards the =
realization
of this vision.

The 4th Annual European Semantic Web Conference (ESWC 2007) will present =
the
latest results in research and application of Semantic Web technologies,
including knowledge mark-up languages, Semantic Web services, and =
ontology
management. More details can be found on the ESWC 2007 homepage.

In addition to the regular research and workshop programme, ESWC 2007 =
invites
tutorials on relevant topics of interest. A tutorial should present the =
state
of the art of a semantic web area enabling attendees to fully appreciate =
the
current issues, main schools of thought and possible application areas.
Proposals for tutorials are welcome for the ESWC 2007 topics of interest =
(see
bottom); tutorial proposals are requested to follow the submission =
process
defined below.

TUTORIAL PROPOSALS


ESWC 2007 tutorials may be either for a full day or for a half day. =
Unless
there is a clear rationale we will give preference to half day tutorials =
over
full day tutorials.

Tutorials proposed for the ESWC 2007 should cover one topic in =
appropriate
depth (see ESWC 2007 topics below), and present this in a appropriate =
manner
which enables attendees to fully comprehend and apply emerging Semantic =
Web
technologies. Although tutorials may focus entirely on theoretical =
aspects, we
strongly encourage hands-on sessions where appropriate.

Tutorial proposals should not exceed 5 pages in DIN A4 format and should
contain the following information:

    * abstract (200 words maximum; to be published on the ESWC 2007 =
website)
    * tutorial description (aims, content, presentation style, technical =
requirements)
    * relevance of the tutorial to ESWC 2007
    * outline of the tutorial content and schedule
    * information on presenters (name, affiliation, expertise, =
experiences in teaching and in tutorial presentation)

Tutorial proposals are to be submitted to Joerg Diederich, email: =
diederich at l3s dot de www: http://www.l3s.de/~diederich

Submitted proposals that follow the above guidelines will be reviewed by =
the
ESWC 2007 organizing committee with respect to the relevance of the =
topic, the
content, and the presentation style.

Important Dates:

    * submission deadline for tutorial proposals: 19 December 2006
    * notification of acceptance: 18 January 2007
    * tutorial hand-outs due: 31 March 2007
    * tutorial presentation date: 3 June 2007

For accepted tutorials, the presenters will need to submit the material =
for
hand-outs (the slide sets and / or additional information; software
installation and usage guides for practical hands-on sessions) to the
organization committee for preprinting and placement on the ESWC 2007 =
website.

For each accepted tutorial, we offer one discount of 180 EUR on the
registration fee for ESWC 2007 (50% of the Early-Bird registration fee).

TOPIC LIST The topics of interest for tutorials include, but are not =
limited to
the following:

    * Ontology Management (creation, evolution, evaluation, etc.)
    * Ontology Alignment (mapping, matching, merging, mediation and =
reconciliation)
    * Ontology Learning and Metadata Generation (e.g. HLT and ML =
approaches)
    * Multimedia and Semantic Web
    * Semantic Annotation of Data
    * Semantic Web Trust, Privacy, Security and Intellectual Property =
Rights
    * Semantic Web Rules and Query Languages
    * Logics for the Semantic Web
    * Reasoning on the Semantic Web
    * Behavior in the Semantic Web
    * Searching, Querying, Visualizing, Navigating and Browsing the =
Semantic Web
    * Personalization and User Modelling
    * User Interfaces and Semantic Web
    * Semantic Grid and Middleware
    * Semantic Web Services (description, discovery, invocation, =
composition, choreography, etc.)
    * Semantic Web-based Knowledge Management (e.g. Semantic Desktop, =
Knowledge Portals)
    * Semantic Web for e-Business, e-Culture, e-Government, e-Health, =
e-Learning, e-Science
    * Database Technologies for the Semantic Web
    * Data Semantics and Web Semantics
    * Semantic Interoperability
    * Semantic Workflows
    * Semantic Web Mining

TUTORIAL CHAIR Joerg Diederich (L3S Research Center), diederich at l3s =
dot de, http://www.l3s.de/~diederich


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[ESWC2007-Announce] Call for tutorials at ESWC 2007





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        CALL FOR =
TUTORIALS




        4th =
European Semantic Web Conference (ESWC 2007)


        3-7 June =
2007


        Innsbruck, =
Austria




DESCRIPTION The vision of the Semantic Web is to =
enhance today=E2=80=99s web via the


exploitation of machine-processable meta data. The =
explicit representation of


the semantics of data, enriched with domain theories =
(Ontologies), will enable


a web that provides a qualitatively new level of =
service. It will weave


together a large network of human knowledge and makes =
this knowledge


machine-processable. Various automated services will =
help the users to achieve


their goals by accessing and processing information =
in machine-understandable


form. This network of knowledge systems will =
ultimately lead to truly


intelligent systems, which will be employed for =
various specialized reasoning


subsystems to accomplish complex tasks. Many =
technologies and methodologies are


being developed within Artificial Intelligence, =
Natural Language Processing,


Machine Learning, Databases, Multimedia Systems, =
Distributed Systems, Software


Engineering and Information Systems that can =
contribute towards the realization


of this vision.




The 4th Annual European Semantic Web Conference (ESWC =
2007) will present the


latest results in research and application of =
Semantic Web technologies,


including knowledge mark-up languages, Semantic Web =
services, and ontology


management. More details can be found on the ESWC =
2007 homepage.




In addition to the regular research and workshop =
programme, ESWC 2007 invites


tutorials on relevant topics of interest. A tutorial =
should present the state


of the art of a semantic web area enabling attendees =
to fully appreciate the


current issues, main schools of thought and possible =
application areas.


Proposals for tutorials are welcome for the ESWC 2007 =
topics of interest (see


bottom); tutorial proposals are requested to follow =
the submission process


defined below.




TUTORIAL PROPOSALS






ESWC 2007 tutorials may be either for a full day or =
for a half day. Unless


there is a clear rationale we will give preference to =
half day tutorials over


full day tutorials.




Tutorials proposed for the ESWC 2007 should cover one =
topic in appropriate


depth (see ESWC 2007 topics below), and present this =
in a appropriate manner


which enables attendees to fully comprehend and apply =
emerging Semantic Web


technologies. Although tutorials may focus entirely =
on theoretical aspects, we


strongly encourage hands-on sessions where =
appropriate.




Tutorial proposals should not exceed 5 pages in DIN A4 =
format and should


contain the following information:




    * abstract (200 words maximum; to =
be published on the ESWC 2007 website)


    * tutorial description (aims, =
content, presentation style, technical requirements)


    * relevance of the tutorial to =
ESWC 2007


    * outline of the tutorial content =
and schedule


    * information on presenters (name, =
affiliation, expertise, experiences in teaching and in tutorial =
presentation)




Tutorial proposals are to be submitted to Joerg =
Diederich, email: diederich at l3s dot de www: http://www.l3s.de/~diederich



Submitted proposals that follow the above guidelines =
will be reviewed by the


ESWC 2007 organizing committee with respect to the =
relevance of the topic, the


content, and the presentation style.




Important Dates:




    * submission deadline for tutorial =
proposals: 19 December 2006


    * notification of acceptance: 18 =
January 2007


    * tutorial hand-outs due: 31 March =
2007


    * tutorial presentation date: 3 =
June 2007




For accepted tutorials, the presenters will need to =
submit the material for


hand-outs (the slide sets and / or additional =
information; software


installation and usage guides for practical hands-on =
sessions) to the


organization committee for preprinting and placement =
on the ESWC 2007 website.




For each accepted tutorial, we offer one discount of =
180 EUR on the


registration fee for ESWC 2007 (50% of the Early-Bird =
registration fee).




TOPIC LIST The topics of interest for tutorials =
include, but are not limited to


the following:




    * Ontology Management (creation, =
evolution, evaluation, etc.)


    * Ontology Alignment (mapping, =
matching, merging, mediation and reconciliation)


    * Ontology Learning and Metadata =
Generation (e.g. HLT and ML approaches)


    * Multimedia and Semantic =
Web


    * Semantic Annotation of =
Data


    * Semantic Web Trust, Privacy, =
Security and Intellectual Property Rights


    * Semantic Web Rules and Query =
Languages


    * Logics for the Semantic =
Web


    * Reasoning on the Semantic =
Web


    * Behavior in the Semantic =
Web


    * Searching, Querying, =
Visualizing, Navigating and Browsing the Semantic Web


    * Personalization and User =
Modelling


    * User Interfaces and Semantic =
Web


    * Semantic Grid and =
Middleware


    * Semantic Web Services =
(description, discovery, invocation, composition, choreography, =
etc.)


    * Semantic Web-based Knowledge =
Management (e.g. Semantic Desktop, Knowledge Portals)


    * Semantic Web for e-Business, =
e-Culture, e-Government, e-Health, e-Learning, e-Science


    * Database Technologies for the =
Semantic Web


    * Data Semantics and Web =
Semantics


    * Semantic Interoperability


    * Semantic Workflows


    * Semantic Web Mining




TUTORIAL CHAIR Joerg Diederich (L3S Research Center), =
diederich at l3s dot de, http://www.l3s.de/~diederich





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_______________________________________________
ESWC2007-Announce mailing list
ESWC2007-Announce@lists.deri.org
http://lists.deri.org/mailman/listinfo/eswc2007-announce

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From: "Stijn Heymans" 
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Subject: [ESWC2007-Announce] call for workshops at ESWC 2007
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==================================================================
	CALL FOR WORKSHOPS

	4th European Semantic Web Conference (ESWC 2007)
	3-7 June 2007
	Innsbruck, Austria

ESWC 2007 invites the submission of workshop proposals on specific aspects
of
the Semantic Web, particularly relating to the subject areas indicated by
the
topics below. We encourage workshops which will discuss fundamental research
issues driven by academic interests or more applied industrial or commercial
concerns. The format of the workshop will be determined by the organizers.
Workshops can vary in length from a half day to a full day. Having more than
one co-organizer for a workshop is strongly advised. Accepted workshops will
receive one free registration to the ESWC 2007 (full registration incl.
tutorial, workshop, conference, reception and conference dinner). Workshop
attendees must pay the ESWC 2007 workshop registration fee.


Important Dates


Workshop Proposals Due: November 30, 2006
Notification: December 11, 2006
URL for Workshop Website Due: January 21, 2007
Workshop: June 6-7, 2007
		
Proposal Requirements

Proposals for workshops should be no more than 3 pages in length. They
should
contain the following information:

   1. Title and brief technical description of the workshop, specifying the
goals and the technical issues that will be its focus.
   2. A brief description of why and to whom the workshop is of interest.
   3. A list of related workshops or similar events held in the last 3
years, or to be held in 2007.
   4. The names and contact information (web page, email address) of the
      proposed organizing committee. This committee should consist of two or
three
      people knowledgeable about the technical issues to be addressed,
preferably not
      members of the same institution.  
   5. A description of the qualifications of the
      proposed organizing committee with respect to organizing this workshop
(e.g.,
      papers published in the proposed topic area, previous workshop
organization,
      other relevant information).

Each workshop organizing committee will be responsible for the following:

    * Producing a web page and a "Call for Papers/Participation" for their
      workshop. The URL should be sent to the workshop chair. The call must
make it
      clear that the workshop is open to all members of the Semantic Web
community.
      It should also mention that at least one author of each accepted
submission
      must attend the workshop and that all workshop participants must pay
the ESWC
      2007 workshop registration fee, as well as the conference fee.
Finally, it
      should also clearly describe the process by which the Organizing
Committee will
      select the participants.  
    * Providing a brief description of the workshop for the conference web
page and program.
    * Selecting the participants and the format of the workshop.
    * Advertising the workshop beyond the conference web page.
    * Producing a camera-ready version of the workshop proceedings.

The ESWC 2007 Organizing Committee will be responsible for the following:

    * Providing a link to a workshop's local page.
    * Providing logistics support and a meeting place for the workshop.
    * In conjunction with the organizers, determining the workshop date and
time.
    * Providing copies of the workshop proceedings to attendees.


Proposal Submission


Workshop proposals and any enquiries should be sent by e-mail to Diana
Maynard.
Proposals should be submitted in PDF format. Submitted proposals that follow
the above requirements will be reviewed by the ESWC 2007 organizing
committee
with respect to the relevance of the topic and content.


Conference Topics of Interest and Area Keywords


Topics of interest to the conference include (but are not restricted to):

    * Ontology Management (creation, evolution, evaluation, etc.)
    * Ontology Alignment (mapping, matching, merging, mediation and
reconciliation)
    * Ontology Learning and Metadata Generation (e.g. HLT and ML approaches)
    * Multimedia and Semantic Web
    * Semantic Annotation of Data
    * Semantic Web Trust, Privacy, Security and Intellectual Property Rights
    * Semantic Web Rules and Query Languages
    * Logics for the Semantic Web
    * Reasoning on the Semantic Web
    * Behaviour in the Semantic Web
    * Searching, Querying, Visualizing, Navigating and Browsing the Semantic
Web
    * Personalization and User Modelling
    * User Interfaces and Semantic Web
    * Semantic Grid and Middleware
    * Semantic Web Services (description, discovery, invocation,
composition, choreography, etc.)
    * Semantic Web-based Knowledge Management (e.g. Semantic Desktop,
Knowledge Portals)
    * Semantic Web for e-Business, e-Culture, e-Government, e-Health,
e-Learning, e-Science
    * Database Technologies for the Semantic Web
    * Data Semantics and Web Semantics
    * Semantic Interoperability
    * Semantic Workflows
    * Semantic Web Mining


Workshop Chair


The ESWC 2007 Workshop chair is Diana Maynard (University of Sheffield, UK)
diana@dcs.shef.ac.uk 

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[ESWC2007-Announce] call for workshops at ESWC 2007





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        CALL FOR =
WORKSHOPS




        4th =
European Semantic Web Conference (ESWC 2007)


        3-7 June =
2007


        Innsbruck, =
Austria




ESWC 2007 invites the submission of workshop proposals =
on specific aspects of


the Semantic Web, particularly relating to the =
subject areas indicated by the


topics below. We encourage workshops which will =
discuss fundamental research


issues driven by academic interests or more applied =
industrial or commercial


concerns. The format of the workshop will be =
determined by the organizers.


Workshops can vary in length from a half day to a =
full day. Having more than


one co-organizer for a workshop is strongly advised. =
Accepted workshops will


receive one free registration to the ESWC 2007 (full =
registration incl.


tutorial, workshop, conference, reception and =
conference dinner). Workshop


attendees must pay the ESWC 2007 workshop =
registration fee.






Important Dates






Workshop Proposals Due: November 30, 2006


Notification: December 11, 2006


URL for Workshop Website Due: January 21, 2007


Workshop: June 6-7, 2007


        =
       =20


Proposal Requirements




Proposals for workshops should be no more than 3 pages =
in length. They should


contain the following information:




   1. Title and brief technical description =
of the workshop, specifying the goals and the technical issues that will =
be its focus.



   2. A brief description of why and to whom =
the workshop is of interest.


   3. A list of related workshops or =
similar events held in the last 3 years, or to be held in 2007.


   4. The names and contact information =
(web page, email address) of the


      proposed organizing =
committee. This committee should consist of two or three


      people knowledgeable =
about the technical issues to be addressed, preferably not


      members of the same =
institution.  


   5. A description of the qualifications =
of the


      proposed organizing =
committee with respect to organizing this workshop (e.g.,


      papers published in =
the proposed topic area, previous workshop organization,


      other relevant =
information).




Each workshop organizing committee will be responsible =
for the following:




    * Producing a web page and a =
"Call for Papers/Participation" for their


      workshop. The URL =
should be sent to the workshop chair. The call must make it


      clear that the =
workshop is open to all members of the Semantic Web community.


      It should also mention =
that at least one author of each accepted submission


      must attend the =
workshop and that all workshop participants must pay the ESWC


      2007 workshop =
registration fee, as well as the conference fee. Finally, it


      should also clearly =
describe the process by which the Organizing Committee will


      select the =
participants.  


    * Providing a brief description of =
the workshop for the conference web page and program.


    * Selecting the participants and =
the format of the workshop.


    * Advertising the workshop beyond =
the conference web page.


    * Producing a camera-ready version =
of the workshop proceedings.




The ESWC 2007 Organizing Committee will be responsible =
for the following:




    * Providing a link to a workshop's =
local page.


    * Providing logistics support and =
a meeting place for the workshop.


    * In conjunction with the =
organizers, determining the workshop date and time.


    * Providing copies of the workshop =
proceedings to attendees.






Proposal Submission






Workshop proposals and any enquiries should be sent by =
e-mail to Diana Maynard.


Proposals should be submitted in PDF format. =
Submitted proposals that follow


the above requirements will be reviewed by the ESWC =
2007 organizing committee


with respect to the relevance of the topic and =
content.






Conference Topics of Interest and Area Keywords






Topics of interest to the conference include (but are =
not restricted to):




    * Ontology Management (creation, =
evolution, evaluation, etc.)


    * Ontology Alignment (mapping, =
matching, merging, mediation and reconciliation)


    * Ontology Learning and Metadata =
Generation (e.g. HLT and ML approaches)


    * Multimedia and Semantic =
Web


    * Semantic Annotation of =
Data


    * Semantic Web Trust, Privacy, =
Security and Intellectual Property Rights


    * Semantic Web Rules and Query =
Languages


    * Logics for the Semantic =
Web


    * Reasoning on the Semantic =
Web


    * Behaviour in the Semantic =
Web


    * Searching, Querying, =
Visualizing, Navigating and Browsing the Semantic Web


    * Personalization and User =
Modelling


    * User Interfaces and Semantic =
Web


    * Semantic Grid and =
Middleware


    * Semantic Web Services =
(description, discovery, invocation, composition, choreography, =
etc.)


    * Semantic Web-based Knowledge =
Management (e.g. Semantic Desktop, Knowledge Portals)


    * Semantic Web for e-Business, =
e-Culture, e-Government, e-Health, e-Learning, e-Science


    * Database Technologies for the =
Semantic Web


    * Data Semantics and Web =
Semantics


    * Semantic Interoperability


    * Semantic Workflows


    * Semantic Web Mining






Workshop Chair






The ESWC 2007 Workshop chair is Diana Maynard =
(University of Sheffield, UK) diana@dcs.shef.ac.uk 





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_______________________________________________
ESWC2007-Announce mailing list
ESWC2007-Announce@lists.deri.org
http://lists.deri.org/mailman/listinfo/eswc2007-announce

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From: "Stijn Heymans" 
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To: 
Subject: [ESWC2007-Announce] CfP: ESWC 2007 - 4th European Semantic WebConference
Date: Fri, 3 Nov 2006 21:17:36 -0000
Organization: Digital Enterprise Research Institute (DERI)
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         CALL FOR PAPERS=20

	ESWC 2007
	4th European Semantic Web Conference
=09
	3 - 7 June 2007=20
	Innsbruck (Austria)



The vision of the Semantic Web is to enhance today=E2=80=99s web via the =
exploitation
of machine-processable meta data. The explicit representation of the =
semantics
of data, enriched with domain theories (Ontologies), will enable a web =
that
provides a qualitatively new level of service. It will weave together a =
large
network of human knowledge and makes this knowledge machine-processable.
Various automated services will help the users to achieve their goals by
accessing and processing information in machine-understandable form. =
This
network of knowledge systems will ultimately lead to truly intelligent =
systems,
which will be employed for various specialized reasoning subsystems to
accomplish complex tasks. Many technologies and methodologies are being
developed within Artificial Intelligence, Natural Language Processing, =
Machine
Learning, Databases, Multimedia Systems, Distributed Systems, Software
Engineering and Information Systems that can contribute towards the =
realization
of this vision.

The 4th Annual European Semantic Web Conference (ESWC 2007) will present =
the
latest results in research and application of Semantic Web technologies,
including knowledge mark-up languages, Semantic Web services, and =
ontology
management. ESWC 2007 will also feature a special industry-oriented =
event, a
forum for gaining a better understanding of these new technologies and =
their
business aspects. The conference will offer a tutorial program to get up =
to
speed with European and global developments in this exciting new area.

Several distinguished scientists will give an invited talk at the
conference; among them, prof. Stefano Ceri (Tech. Univ. of Milan,
Italy), prof. Georg Gottlob (Oxford Univ., UK), prof. Ning Zhong
(Maebashi Institute of Technology, Japan).

ESWC 2007 is sponsored by ESSI - a group of European Commission 6th =
Framework
Programme projects. Together these projects aim to improve world-wide =
research
and standardisation in the area of the Semantic Web. For more =
information on
ESSI, please visit www.essi-cluster.org. =20


Submissions


ESWC 2007 welcomes the submission of excellent original research and
application papers dealing with all aspects of the Semantic Web, =
particularly
those related to the subject areas indicated by the topics below. We
particularly encourage the submission of papers on industrial efforts =
and
experiences with Semantic Web projects. We encourage theoretical,
methodological, empirical, and applications papers.

The proceedings of this conference will be published in =
Springer=E2=80=99s Lecture
Notes in Computer Science series. Paper submission and reviewing for =
ESWC 2007
will be electronic, via the conference Web site: =
http://www.eswc2007.org/.
Papers, due 15 December, 2006, should not exceed fifteen (15) pages in =
Springer
LNCS format.

Papers may be accepted as (i) full papers, or as (ii) short papers with =
poster
presentation.


Important Dates


Abstract Submission: 8 December, 2006
Full Paper Submission: 15 December, 2006
Notification: 26 February, 2007
Camera-Ready Papers due: 16 March, 2007
Conference: 3 - 7 June, 2007


Conference Topics of Interest


Topics of interest to the conference include (but are not restricted =
to):

    * Ontology Management (creation, evolution, evaluation, etc.)
    * Ontology Alignment (mapping, matching, merging, mediation and =
reconciliation)
    * Ontology Learning and Metadata Generation (e.g. HLT and ML =
approaches)
    * Multimedia and Semantic Web
    * Semantic Annotation of Data
    * Semantic Web Trust, Privacy, Security and Intellectual Property =
Rights
    * Semantic Web Rules and Query Languages
    * Logics for the Semantic Web
    * Reasoning on the Semantic Web
    * Behavior in the Semantic Web
    * Searching, Querying, Visualizing, Navigating and Browsing the =
Semantic Web
    * Personalization and User Modelling
    * User Interfaces and Semantic Web
    * Semantic Grid and Middleware
    * Semantic Web Services (description, discovery, invocation, =
composition, choreography, etc.)
    * Semantic Web-based Knowledge Management (e.g. Semantic Desktop, =
Knowledge Portals)
    * Semantic Web for e-Business, e-Culture, e-Government, e-Health, =
e-Learning, e-Science
    * Database Technologies for the Semantic Web
    * Data Semantics and Web Semantics
    * Semantic Interoperability
    * Semantic Workflows
    * Semantic Web Mining

We particularly welcome application papers which clearly show benefits =
of
Semantic Web technologies in practical settings.


General Chair


Enrico Franconi (Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy), =
franconi@inf.unibz.it


Program Chairs


Michael Kifer (State University of New York at Stony Brook, USA), =
kifer@cs.stonybrook.edu
Wolfgang May (Georg-August-Universit=C3=A4t G=C3=B6ttingen, Germany), =
may@informatik.uni-goettingen.de

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if you receive multiple copies]




=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D


         CALL =
FOR PAPERS 




        ESWC =
2007


        4th =
European Semantic Web Conference


       =20


        3 - 7 June =
2007 


        Innsbruck =
(Austria)








The vision of the Semantic Web is to enhance =
today=E2=80=99s web via the exploitation


of machine-processable meta data. The explicit =
representation of the semantics


of data, enriched with domain theories (Ontologies), =
will enable a web that


provides a qualitatively new level of service. It =
will weave together a large


network of human knowledge and makes this knowledge =
machine-processable.


Various automated services will help the users to =
achieve their goals by


accessing and processing information in =
machine-understandable form. This


network of knowledge systems will ultimately lead to =
truly intelligent systems,


which will be employed for various specialized =
reasoning subsystems to


accomplish complex tasks. Many technologies and =
methodologies are being


developed within Artificial Intelligence, Natural =
Language Processing, Machine


Learning, Databases, Multimedia Systems, Distributed =
Systems, Software


Engineering and Information Systems that can =
contribute towards the realization


of this vision.




The 4th Annual European Semantic Web Conference (ESWC =
2007) will present the


latest results in research and application of =
Semantic Web technologies,


including knowledge mark-up languages, Semantic Web =
services, and ontology


management. ESWC 2007 will also feature a special =
industry-oriented event, a


forum for gaining a better understanding of these new =
technologies and their


business aspects. The conference will offer a =
tutorial program to get up to


speed with European and global developments in this =
exciting new area.




Several distinguished scientists will give an invited =
talk at the


conference; among them, prof. Stefano Ceri (Tech. =
Univ. of Milan,


Italy), prof. Georg Gottlob (Oxford Univ., UK), prof. =
Ning Zhong


(Maebashi Institute of Technology, Japan).




ESWC 2007 is sponsored by ESSI - a group of European =
Commission 6th Framework


Programme projects. Together these projects aim to =
improve world-wide research


and standardisation in the area of the Semantic Web. =
For more information on


ESSI, please visit www.essi-cluster.org.  =







Submissions






ESWC 2007 welcomes the submission of excellent =
original research and


application papers dealing with all aspects of the =
Semantic Web, particularly


those related to the subject areas indicated by the =
topics below. We


particularly encourage the submission of papers on =
industrial efforts and


experiences with Semantic Web projects. We encourage =
theoretical,


methodological, empirical, and applications =
papers.




The proceedings of this conference will be published =
in Springer=E2=80=99s Lecture


Notes in Computer Science series. Paper submission =
and reviewing for ESWC 2007


will be electronic, via the conference Web site: http://www.eswc2007.org/.


Papers, due 15 December, 2006, should not exceed =
fifteen (15) pages in Springer


LNCS format.




Papers may be accepted as (i) full papers, or as (ii) =
short papers with poster


presentation.






Important Dates






Abstract Submission: 8 December, 2006


Full Paper Submission: 15 December, 2006


Notification: 26 February, 2007


Camera-Ready Papers due: 16 March, 2007


Conference: 3 - 7 June, 2007






Conference Topics of Interest






Topics of interest to the conference include (but are =
not restricted to):




    * Ontology Management (creation, =
evolution, evaluation, etc.)


    * Ontology Alignment (mapping, =
matching, merging, mediation and reconciliation)


    * Ontology Learning and Metadata =
Generation (e.g. HLT and ML approaches)


    * Multimedia and Semantic =
Web


    * Semantic Annotation of =
Data


    * Semantic Web Trust, Privacy, =
Security and Intellectual Property Rights


    * Semantic Web Rules and Query =
Languages


    * Logics for the Semantic =
Web


    * Reasoning on the Semantic =
Web


    * Behavior in the Semantic =
Web


    * Searching, Querying, =
Visualizing, Navigating and Browsing the Semantic Web


    * Personalization and User =
Modelling


    * User Interfaces and Semantic =
Web


    * Semantic Grid and =
Middleware


    * Semantic Web Services =
(description, discovery, invocation, composition, choreography, =
etc.)


    * Semantic Web-based Knowledge =
Management (e.g. Semantic Desktop, Knowledge Portals)


    * Semantic Web for e-Business, =
e-Culture, e-Government, e-Health, e-Learning, e-Science


    * Database Technologies for the =
Semantic Web


    * Data Semantics and Web =
Semantics


    * Semantic Interoperability


    * Semantic Workflows


    * Semantic Web Mining




We particularly welcome application papers which =
clearly show benefits of


Semantic Web technologies in practical =
settings.






General Chair






Enrico Franconi (Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, =
Italy), franconi@inf.unibz.it






Program Chairs






Michael Kifer (State University of New York at Stony =
Brook, USA), kifer@cs.stonybrook.edu


Wolfgang May (Georg-August-Universit=C3=A4t =
G=C3=B6ttingen, Germany), may@informatik.uni-goettingen.de





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_______________________________________________
ESWC2007-Announce mailing list
ESWC2007-Announce@lists.deri.org
http://lists.deri.org/mailman/listinfo/eswc2007-announce

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From: "Tony Linde" 
To: "Semantics" 
Subject: FW: [SEM-GRD] [CFP]AAAI2007's Workshop on Semantic E-Science (SeS2007)
Date: Fri, 5 Jan 2007 16:45:20 -0000
Organization: University of Leicester
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fyi...


  _____ =20

From: sem-grd-bounces@ogf.org [mailto:sem-grd-bounces@ogf.org] On Behalf =
Of
Yimin Wang
Sent: 05 January 2007 13:12
To: sem-grd@ogf.org
Subject: [SEM-GRD] [CFP]AAAI2007's Workshop on Semantic E-Science =
(SeS2007)



Call for Papers
=20

[Apologies for multiple copies]

*******************************************************

AAAI2007's Workshop on Semantic e-Science (SeS07)

23 July, 2007, Vancouver, Canada, co-located with AAAI'07
http://neuroweb.med.yale.edu/  =
ses2007


*******************************************************

As semantic technology has been gaining momentum in various e-Science =
areas
(for=20

example, W3C's new interest group for semantic web health care and life=20

science), it is important to offer semantic-based methodologies, tools,=20

middleware to facilitate scientific knowledge modeling, logical-based
hypothesis=20

checking, semantic data integration and application composition, =
integrated=20

knowledge discovery and data analyzing for different e-Science =
applications.

=20

Partially influenced by the Artificial Intelligence community, the =
Semantic
Web=20

researchers have largely focused on formal aspects of semantic
representation=20

languages or general-purpose semantic application development, with
inadequate=20

consideration of requirements from specific science areas. On the other
hand,=20

general science researchers are growing ever more dependent on the web, =
but
they=20

have no coherent agenda for exploring the emerging trends on the =
semantic
web=20

technologies. It urgently requires the development of a =
multi-disciplinary
field=20

to foster the growth and development of e-Science applications based on =
the=20

semantic technologies and related knowledge-based approaches.=20

=20

SeS2007 aims to provide an inter-disciplinary forum for researchers from
both=20

the Semantic Web community, and general science communities including =
the
life=20

science community.

=20

Semantic e-Science Foundations:

  Knowledge Representation for e-Science=20

  Ontology Engineering for e-Science=20

  Knowledge Integration for e-Science=20

  Knowledge Management for e-Science=20

  Semantic Data Integration=20

  Semantic Web Services=20

  e-Science Process Management=20

  Semantic Infrastructure and Architecture for e-Science=20

  Semantic Grid Middleware=20

  Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery=20

=20

Semantic Web Applications and Ontologies for:

  Semantic Web for Health Care and Life Science=20

  Semantic Web for Bio-Med-informatics=20

  Semantic Web for System and Integrated Biology=20

  Semantic Web for Translational Medicine=20

  Biological Semantic Network=20

  Semantic Web for Geography, Environment and Climate=20

  Semantic Web for Chemistry, Physics and Mechanics=20

  Semantic Web and Digital Libraries and Scientific Publication=20

=20

Submission and Proceedings

=20

=20

We invite academic/industrial researchers and practitioners to submit
original=20

research papers, well-written surveys, or papers describing deployed =
systems
to=20

the workshop. The papers must not exceed 8 pages in length including
references=20

and should be prepared using the AAAI formatting guidelines. The papers
should=20

be submitted by using the paper submission system at=20

http://www.easychair.org/SeS2007AAAI2007/  no later than March 27,2007. =
Each


paper will be reviewed by at least 2 members of the PC. Authors of =
accepted=20

papers will be required to submit final camera-ready copy to the =
organizers
on=20

May 15,2007.

=20

The workshop proceeding will be published as AAAI technical report. All
accepted=20

papers will be included in the AAAI Digital Library, and distributed by
AAAI.=20

Besides, as like SeS2006, we are planning to organize journal special =
issues
for=20

extended version of selected high-quality work.

=20

=20

Important Dates

  Submission deadline: March 27, 2007=20

  Notification date: April 25, 2007=20

  Author accepted paper submission deadline: May 15, 2007=20

  Workshop date: July 23,2007 (to be settled)=20

=20

Workshop Organizing Committee

=20

Huajun Chen

College of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, CN

Yale Center for Medical Informatics, Yale University, CT 06520-8009, USA

huajunsir@zju.edu.cn  =20

=20

=20

Yimin Wang

Institute AIFB, University of Karlsruhe, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany

ywa@aifb.uni-karlsruhe.de=20

=20

=20

Kei Cheung

Yale Center for Medical Informatics, Yale University, CT 06520-8009, USA

kei.cheung@yale.edu=20

=20

=20

Zhaohui Wu

College of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, CN

wzh@zju.edu.cn=20

=20

=20

Workshop Program Committee

=20

Peter Fox, National Center for Atmospheric Research, USA

Li Ding, Stanford University, USA=20

Sumi Yoshikawa, Tokyo Institue of Technology, Japan=20

Helen Chen, Agfa Healthcare, USA=20

Joanne Luciano, Harvard University, USA

Nigam Shah, Stanford University, USA=20

Natalia Maltsev, Argonne National Laboratory, USA

John F. Madden, Duke University Medical Cente, USA=20

Peter Mork, MITRE Corporation, USA

Nigel Shadbolt, University of Southampton, UK

York Sure, University of Karlsruhe, Germany=20

Young-Tack Park, Soongsil University, Korea=20

Hai Wang, University of Southampton, UK=20

Robert Stevens, University of Manchester, UK=20

Marta Iglesias, FAO, United Nations=20

Heiner Stuckenschmidt, University of Mannheim, Germany=20

William Cheng, Hong Kong Baptist University, CN HK=20

Jacek Kitowski, AGH University of Sci. and Tech., Poland=20

Takahira Yamaguchi, Keio University, Japan Mathieu d'Aquin, Open =
University,
UK=20

Vasant Honavar, Iowa State University, USA

Alan Ruttenburg, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, USA=20

Christopher Baker, Institute for Infocomm Research (I=B2R), Singapore=20

Jeff Pan, University of Aberdeen, UK=20

Dejing Dou, University of Oregon, USA

Peter Haase, University of Karlsruhe, Germany=20

Volker Haarselv, Concordia University, Canada=20

Vipul Kashyap, Partners HealthCare System, Inc., USA


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fyi...




  

  

  From: sem-grd-bounces@ogf.org=20
  [mailto:sem-grd-bounces@ogf.org] On Behalf Of Yimin=20
  Wang
Sent: 05 January 2007 13:12
To:=20
  sem-grd@ogf.org
Subject: [SEM-GRD] [CFP]AAAI2007's Workshop =
on=20
  Semantic E-Science (SeS2007)


  

  
Call for Papers
 

  
[Apologies for multiple copies]

  
*******************************************************

  
AAAI2007's Workshop on Semantic e-Science=20
  (SeS07)

  
23 July, 2007, Vancouver, Canada, co-located =
with=20
  AAAI'07  http://neuroweb.med.yale.edu/ses2007=20
  

  
*******************************************************

  
As semantic technology has been gaining momentum =
in=20
  various e-Science areas (for 

  
example, W3C's new interest group for semantic =
web health=20
  care and life 

  
science), it is important to offer =
semantic-based=20
  methodologies, tools, 

  
middleware to facilitate scientific knowledge =
modeling,=20
  logical-based hypothesis 

  
checking, semantic data integration and =
application=20
  composition, integrated 

  
knowledge discovery and data analyzing for =
different=20
  e-Science applications.

  
 

  
Partially influenced by the Artificial =
Intelligence=20
  community, the Semantic Web 

  
researchers have largely focused on formal =
aspects of=20
  semantic representation 

  
languages or general-purpose semantic =
application=20
  development, with inadequate 

  
consideration of requirements from specific =
science areas.=20
  On the other hand, 

  
general science researchers are growing ever =
more=20
  dependent on the web, but they 

  
have no coherent agenda for exploring the =
emerging trends=20
  on the semantic web 

  
technologies. It urgently requires the =
development of a=20
  multi-disciplinary field 

  
to foster the growth and development of =
e-Science=20
  applications based on the 

  
semantic technologies and related =
knowledge-based=20
  approaches. 

  
 

  
SeS2007 aims to provide =
an=20
  inter-disciplinary forum for researchers from both 

  
the Semantic Web community, and general science=20
  communities including the life 

  
science community.

  
 

  
Semantic e-Science Foundations:

  
  Knowledge Representation for e-Science =


  
  Ontology Engineering for e-Science =


  
  Knowledge Integration for e-Science =


  
  Knowledge Management for e-Science =


  
  Semantic Data Integration 

  
  Semantic Web Services 

  
  e-Science Process Management 

  
  Semantic Infrastructure and Architecture =
for=20
  e-Science 

  
  Semantic Grid Middleware 

  
  Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery =


  
 

  
Semantic Web Applications and Ontologies =
for:

  
  Semantic Web for Health Care and Life =
Science=20
  

  
  Semantic Web for Bio-Med-informatics =


  
  Semantic Web for System and Integrated =
Biology=20
  

  
  Semantic Web for Translational Medicine =


  
  Biological Semantic Network 

  
  Semantic Web for Geography, Environment =
and Climate=20
  

  
  Semantic Web for Chemistry, Physics and =
Mechanics=20
  

  
  Semantic Web and Digital Libraries and =
Scientific=20
  Publication 

  
 

  
Submission and Proceedings

  
 

  
 

  
We invite academic/industrial researchers and=20
  practitioners to submit original 

  
research papers, well-written surveys, or papers =

  describing deployed systems to 

  
the workshop. The papers must not exceed 8 pages =
in length=20
  including references 

  
and should be prepared using the AAAI formatting =

  guidelines. The papers should 

  
be submitted by using the paper submission =
system at=20
  

  
http://www.easychair.org/SeS2007AAAI2007/  no later than March =
27,2007. Each=20
  

  
paper will be reviewed by at least 2 members of =
the PC.=20
  Authors of accepted 

  
papers will be required to submit final =
camera-ready copy=20
  to the organizers on 

  
May 15,2007.

  
 

  
The workshop proceeding will be published as =
AAAI=20
  technical report. All accepted 

  
papers will be included in the AAAI Digital =
Library, and=20
  distributed by AAAI. 

  
Besides, as like=20
  SeS2006, we are planning to organize journal special issues for =

  

  
extended version of selected high-quality =
work.

  
 

  
 

  
Important Dates

  
  Submission deadline: March 27, 2007 =


  
  Notification date: April 25, 2007 =


  
  Author accepted paper submission =
deadline: May 15,=20
  2007 

  
  Workshop date: July 23,2007 (to be =
settled)=20
  

  
 

  
Workshop Organizing Committee

  
 

  
Huajun Chen

  
College of Computer Science, Zhejiang =
University,=20
  Hangzhou, 310027, CN

  
Yale Center for Medical Informatics, Yale =
University, CT=20
  06520-8009, USA

  
huajunsir@zju.edu.cn 

  
 

  
 

  
Yimin Wang

  
Institute AIFB, University of Karlsruhe, 76128 =
Karlsruhe,=20
  Germany

  
ywa@aifb.uni-karlsruhe.de 

  
 

  
 

  
Kei Cheung

  
Yale Center for Medical Informatics, Yale =
University, CT=20
  06520-8009, USA

  
kei.cheung@yale.edu=20
  

  
 

  
 

  
Zhaohui Wu

  
College of Computer Science, Zhejiang =
University,=20
  Hangzhou, 310027, CN

  
wzh@zju.edu.cn =


  
 

  
 

  
Workshop Program Committee

  
 

  
Peter Fox, National Center for Atmospheric =
Research,=20
  USA

  
Li Ding, Stanford University, USA 

  
Sumi Yoshikawa, Tokyo Institue of Technology, =
Japan=20
  

  
Helen Chen, Agfa Healthcare, USA 

  
Joanne Luciano, Harvard University, =
USA

  
Nigam Shah, Stanford University, USA 

  
Natalia Maltsev, Argonne National Laboratory,=20
  USA

  
John F. Madden, Duke University Medical Cente, =
USA=20
  

  
Peter Mork, MITRE Corporation, USA

  
Nigel Shadbolt, University of Southampton, =
UK

  
York Sure, University of Karlsruhe, Germany =


  
Young-Tack Park, Soongsil University, Korea =


  
Hai Wang, University of Southampton, UK =


  
Robert Stevens, University of Manchester, UK =


  
Marta Iglesias, FAO, United Nations 

  
Heiner Stuckenschmidt, University of Mannheim, =
Germany=20
  

  
William Cheng, Hong Kong Baptist University, CN =
HK=20
  

  
Jacek Kitowski, AGH University of Sci. and =
Tech., Poland=20
  

  
Takahira Yamaguchi, Keio University, Japan =
Mathieu=20
  d'Aquin, Open University, UK 

  
Vasant Honavar, Iowa State University, =
USA

  
Alan Ruttenburg, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, USA =

  

  
Christopher Baker, Institute for Infocomm =
Research (I=B2R),=20
  Singapore 

  
Jeff Pan, University of Aberdeen, UK 

  
Dejing Dou, University of Oregon, USA

  
Peter Haase, University of Karlsruhe, Germany =


  
Volker Haarselv, Concordia University, Canada =


  
Vipul Kashyap, Partners HealthCare System, Inc., =

  USA


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From: Andrea Preite Martinez 
To: semantics@ivoa.net
Subject: WD-Ontology
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Reply-To: Andrea Preite Martinez 

A Working Draft on

Ontology of Astronomical Object Types, version 1.0

has been uploaded in the Document section of IVOA
http://ivoa.net/Documents/latest/AstrObjectOntology.html

and in the Semantics WG twiki page
http://www.ivoa.net/twiki/bin/view/IVOA/IvoaSemantics  .

In this page you can also find the ontology file (.owl) that can be
explored/edited with the protégé browser/editor
http://protege.stanford.edu/overview/protege-owl.html .

The document and the Ontology are open to discussion and contributions.

Note that the ontology is made of "defined" concepts, and only a fraction
of them has been defined, for the moment only in terms of components and/or
morphology and/or processes.
Indeed, there are still 87 astronomical concepts that are missing an  
NS-condition (Necessary&Sufficient)

I then ask for the contribution of the members of the WG and of the scientific
community to help finding the necessary and/or sufficient conditions  
to define the concepts.
What is needed is a complete but concise description in plain text of  
the concepts in terms of components/ morphology / physical processes /  
observational properties and/or ...

An example:
CataclysmicVariable: close binary, components WD/subGiant and LateType Star,
variability due to thermonuclear processes...

The concepts without NS-conditions (but sometimes already with N or S  
conditions) are the following:

AssociationOfStars
ClusterOfGalaxies
SuperClusterOfGalaxies
ClusterOfStars
GlobularCluster
OpenCluster
GalaxiesGroup
Galaxy
ActiveGalaxyNucleus
Blazar
BLLacObject
OpticallyViolentlyVariableObject
LINERTypeActiveGalaxyNucleus
SeyfertGalaxy
Seyfert1Galaxy
Seyfert2Galaxy
BlueCompactGalaxy
EmissionLineGalaxy
HighRedshiftGalaxy
HIIGalaxy
LowSurfaceBrightnessGalaxy
QuasiStellarObject
StarburstGalaxy
SpectroscopicBinary
XRayBinary
InterStellarMedium
EmissionNebula
HIRegion
HIRegionCold
HIRegionWarm
MolecularCloud
BokGlobule
DarkCloud
ReflexionNebula
StellarObject
BrownDwarf
Star
PostAsymptoticGiantBranchStar
RedGiant
AsymptoticGiantBranchStar
CarbonStar
OHIREnvelopeTypeStar
STypeStar
RVTauri
PeculiarStar
CHEnvelopeTypeStar
BeStar
WolfRayetStar
HorizontalBranchStar
StellarRemnant
NeutronStar
Pulsar
AccretionPoweredPulsar
Magnetar
RotationPoweredPulsar
StellarBlackHole
WhiteDwarf
YoungStellarObject
PreMainSequenceStar
HerbigHaro
TTauri
ClassicalTTauri
WeakLineTTauri
ProtoStar
SubStellarObject
BrownDwarf
NonStellarBody
Asteroid
Comet
Planet
CataclysmicVariable
DQHerCataclysmicVariable
DwarfNova
Nova
NovaLikeObject
RapidIrregularVariableStar
IrregularVariableStar
RapidIrregularVariableStar
BetaCepheid
LTypeIrregularStar
MiraCeti
SemiRegularPulsatingStar
RRLyrae
WVir
BYDraconis
EllipsoidalVariableStar
SymbioticStar


P.S.:
I think we can envisage a half-session in the spring IVOA meeting in  
Beijin dedicated to the ontology and its applications.

Andrea

===================================================================================
Andrea Preite Martinez                 andrea.preitemartinez@iasf-roma.inaf.it
IASF                                   Tel.IASF:+39.06.4993.4641
Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100        Tel.CDS :+33.3.90242452
I-00133 Roma                           Cell.1  :+39.320.43.15.383
                                        Cell.2  :+39.
===================================================================================



From owner-semantics@eso.org  Wed Feb 21 21:15:58 2007
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Date: Wed, 21 Feb 2007 15:15:24 -0500
From: Ed Shaya 
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Andrea Preite Martinez wrote:
> A Working Draft on
> 
> Ontology of Astronomical Object Types, version 1.0
> 
> has been uploaded in the Document section of IVOA
> http://ivoa.net/Documents/latest/AstrObjectOntology.html
> 
> and in the Semantics WG twiki page
> http://www.ivoa.net/twiki/bin/view/IVOA/IvoaSemantics  .
> 
> In this page you can also find the ontology file (.owl) that can be
> explored/edited with the protégé browser/editor
> http://protege.stanford.edu/overview/protege-owl.html .
> 
> The document and the Ontology are open to discussion and contributions.
> 
> Note that the ontology is made of "defined" concepts, and only a fraction
> of them has been defined, for the moment only in terms of components and/or
> morphology and/or processes.
> Indeed, there are still 87 astronomical concepts that are missing an 
> NS-condition (Necessary&Sufficient)
> 
> I then ask for the contribution of the members of the WG and of the 
> scientific
> community to help finding the necessary and/or sufficient conditions to 
> define the concepts.
> What is needed is a complete but concise description in plain text of 
> the concepts in terms of components/ morphology / physical processes / 
> observational properties and/or ...
> 
> An example:
> CataclysmicVariable: close binary, components WD/subGiant and LateType 
> Star,
> variability due to thermonuclear processes...
> 
> The concepts without NS-conditions (but sometimes already with N or S 
> conditions) are the following:
There are dangers in defining the necessary and sufficient conditions, 
particularly if one requires too many necessaries.  You can end up with 
things that are not in any class although they are so close to one that 
ordinarily one would include them.  For instance, what if it is like a 
cataclysmicVariable but not quite a LateType star. One also run into 
whether or not to use strictly observational qualities or interpreted 
qualities.  As in, what if it erupts and has emissions like a 
cataclysmic variable but it is too far away to discern the individual 
components?  Can you still call it a CV?

On the other hand, if we don't make clear and distinct boundaries you 
are left with a system that is too fuzzy to do any good.

Having noted these difficulties, in the grand tradition of semantics, we 
simply push forward and appreciate that we can always pull back on some 
of these  NS qualities or define both strict and loose versions of each 
class, as in StandardCalaclysmicVariable/TentativeCataclysmicVariable.
> 
> AssociationOfStars - alias (equivalent class)  StellarAssociation 
Loose concentration of young stars (how loose? 1-100 per cubic pc?), but 
may contain 1 or more StellarClusters within it.
subclasses -
	OB-Association - association with many O and B stars (massive stars)
	R-Association - contains medium mass stars with reflection nebulae
	T-Association - contains only low mass stars including some T-Tauri stars

> ClusterOfGalaxies - alias GalaxyCluster
Observationally - a region with a concentration of galaxies several 
times the neighboring background density with similar galaxy redshifts.
Theoretically - a collapsed and virialized system of galaxies
subclasses
	AbellCluster - there are two definitions here
		a) A cluster in the Abell Catalog
		b) A cluster with the criteria given by Abell for his catalog
	Perhaps a) should be called an AbellCatalogCluster

> SuperClusterOfGalaxies 
	A 3-d region of contiguous overdensity on Mpc scales.  Usually these 
contain several clusters, but this should not be the definition becuase 
a) the Local Supercluster contains only 1 cluster b) if one found a 
large contiguous overdensity without a cluster you probably would still 
want to classify it as a supercluster.

> ClusterOfStars - alias StarCluster.  
Observational - A tight system of stars with less than 10^9 stars.
Theoretical - A system of stars formed out of a single cloud of gas and 
with less mass than a galaxy (that is, .

> GlobularCluster - 
A roughly spherical ClusterOfStars with 10^4 - 10^9 stars and with an 
orbit that takes it out of the plane of its parent galaxy.
[Normally the definition would include the idea that it is composed of 
old stars, but blue globular clusters in N1375 and other galaxies show 
that there are exceptions.  Also, when globular clusters were young they 
had young stars and they were still globular clusters.]

> OpenCluster - alias GalacticCluster
ClusterOfStars with young stars and with center of mass orbit that stays 
in the plane.

> GalaxiesGroup 
This should be GalaxyGroup - alias GroupOfGalaxies.
A system with on the order of 10 galaxies separated by 10-100 galaxy 
diameters [Hopkins, J. 1976 Glossary of Astronomy and Astrophysics]

I stop here to rest and wait for comments.
Ed
> Galaxy
> ActiveGalaxyNucleus
> Blazar
> BLLacObject
> OpticallyViolentlyVariableObject
> LINERTypeActiveGalaxyNucleus
> SeyfertGalaxy
> Seyfert1Galaxy
> Seyfert2Galaxy
> BlueCompactGalaxy
> EmissionLineGalaxy
> HighRedshiftGalaxy
> HIIGalaxy
> LowSurfaceBrightnessGalaxy
> QuasiStellarObject
> StarburstGalaxy
> SpectroscopicBinary
> XRayBinary
> InterStellarMedium
> EmissionNebula
> HIRegion
> HIRegionCold
> HIRegionWarm
> MolecularCloud
> BokGlobule
> DarkCloud
> ReflexionNebula
> StellarObject
> BrownDwarf
> Star
> PostAsymptoticGiantBranchStar
> RedGiant
> AsymptoticGiantBranchStar
> CarbonStar
> OHIREnvelopeTypeStar
> STypeStar
> RVTauri
> PeculiarStar
> CHEnvelopeTypeStar
> BeStar
> WolfRayetStar
> HorizontalBranchStar
> StellarRemnant
> NeutronStar
> Pulsar
> AccretionPoweredPulsar
> Magnetar
> RotationPoweredPulsar
> StellarBlackHole
> WhiteDwarf
> YoungStellarObject
> PreMainSequenceStar
> HerbigHaro
> TTauri
> ClassicalTTauri
> WeakLineTTauri
> ProtoStar
> SubStellarObject
> BrownDwarf
> NonStellarBody
> Asteroid
> Comet
> Planet
> CataclysmicVariable
> DQHerCataclysmicVariable
> DwarfNova
> Nova
> NovaLikeObject
> RapidIrregularVariableStar
> IrregularVariableStar
> RapidIrregularVariableStar
> BetaCepheid
> LTypeIrregularStar
> MiraCeti
> SemiRegularPulsatingStar
> RRLyrae
> WVir
> BYDraconis
> EllipsoidalVariableStar
> SymbioticStar
> 
> 
> P.S.:
> I think we can envisage a half-session in the spring IVOA meeting in 
> Beijin dedicated to the ontology and its applications.
> 
> Andrea
> 
> =================================================================================== 
> 
> Andrea Preite Martinez                 
> andrea.preitemartinez@iasf-roma.inaf.it
> IASF                                   Tel.IASF:+39.06.4993.4641
> Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100        Tel.CDS :+33.3.90242452
> I-00133 Roma                           Cell.1  :+39.320.43.15.383
>                                        Cell.2  :+39.
> =================================================================================== 
> 
> 
> 
> 

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From owner-semantics@eso.org  Fri Feb 23 13:25:11 2007
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From: "Tony Linde" 
To: 
References: <20070221162208.3kfmmx1swk4kowgk@webmail.sic.rm.cnr.it> <45DCA85C.20803@umd.edu>
Subject: RE: WD-Ontology
Date: Fri, 23 Feb 2007 12:24:21 -0000
Organization: University of Leicester
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Reply-To: "Tony Linde" 

> ordinarily one would include them.  For instance, what if it 
> is like a 
> cataclysmicVariable but not quite a LateType star. 

Is this not where relations come into play: you could define relations such
as 'like a' and 'not quite a' and then, depending on what you want to do,
manipulate the objects and relations in your code. 

> whether or not to use strictly observational qualities or interpreted 
> qualities.  As in, what if it erupts and has emissions like a 

And this is where the uniqueness of astronomy comes into play and we start
to build intelligent *astronomy* applications rather than generic
information handling apps.

T.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: owner-semantics@eso.org 
> [mailto:owner-semantics@eso.org] On Behalf Of Ed Shaya
> Sent: 21 February 2007 20:15
> To: Andrea Preite Martinez
> Cc: semantics@ivoa.net
> Subject: Re: WD-Ontology
> 
> 
> 
> Andrea Preite Martinez wrote:
> > A Working Draft on
> > 
> > Ontology of Astronomical Object Types, version 1.0
> > 
> > has been uploaded in the Document section of IVOA
> > http://ivoa.net/Documents/latest/AstrObjectOntology.html
> > 
> > and in the Semantics WG twiki page
> > http://www.ivoa.net/twiki/bin/view/IVOA/IvoaSemantics  .
> > 
> > In this page you can also find the ontology file (.owl) that can be
> > explored/edited with the protégé browser/editor
> > http://protege.stanford.edu/overview/protege-owl.html .
> > 
> > The document and the Ontology are open to discussion and 
> contributions.
> > 
> > Note that the ontology is made of "defined" concepts, and 
> only a fraction
> > of them has been defined, for the moment only in terms of 
> components and/or
> > morphology and/or processes.
> > Indeed, there are still 87 astronomical concepts that are 
> missing an 
> > NS-condition (Necessary&Sufficient)
> > 
> > I then ask for the contribution of the members of the WG and of the 
> > scientific
> > community to help finding the necessary and/or sufficient 
> conditions to 
> > define the concepts.
> > What is needed is a complete but concise description in 
> plain text of 
> > the concepts in terms of components/ morphology / physical 
> processes / 
> > observational properties and/or ...
> > 
> > An example:
> > CataclysmicVariable: close binary, components WD/subGiant 
> and LateType 
> > Star,
> > variability due to thermonuclear processes...
> > 
> > The concepts without NS-conditions (but sometimes already 
> with N or S 
> > conditions) are the following:
> There are dangers in defining the necessary and sufficient 
> conditions, 
> particularly if one requires too many necessaries.  You can 
> end up with 
> things that are not in any class although they are so close 
> to one that 
> ordinarily one would include them.  For instance, what if it 
> is like a 
> cataclysmicVariable but not quite a LateType star. One also run into 
> whether or not to use strictly observational qualities or interpreted 
> qualities.  As in, what if it erupts and has emissions like a 
> cataclysmic variable but it is too far away to discern the individual 
> components?  Can you still call it a CV?
> 
> On the other hand, if we don't make clear and distinct boundaries you 
> are left with a system that is too fuzzy to do any good.
> 
> Having noted these difficulties, in the grand tradition of 
> semantics, we 
> simply push forward and appreciate that we can always pull 
> back on some 
> of these  NS qualities or define both strict and loose 
> versions of each 
> class, as in StandardCalaclysmicVariable/TentativeCataclysmicVariable.
> > 
> > AssociationOfStars - alias (equivalent class)  StellarAssociation 
> Loose concentration of young stars (how loose? 1-100 per 
> cubic pc?), but 
> may contain 1 or more StellarClusters within it.
> subclasses -
> 	OB-Association - association with many O and B stars 
> (massive stars)
> 	R-Association - contains medium mass stars with 
> reflection nebulae
> 	T-Association - contains only low mass stars including 
> some T-Tauri stars
> 
> > ClusterOfGalaxies - alias GalaxyCluster
> Observationally - a region with a concentration of galaxies several 
> times the neighboring background density with similar galaxy 
> redshifts.
> Theoretically - a collapsed and virialized system of galaxies
> subclasses
> 	AbellCluster - there are two definitions here
> 		a) A cluster in the Abell Catalog
> 		b) A cluster with the criteria given by Abell 
> for his catalog
> 	Perhaps a) should be called an AbellCatalogCluster
> 
> > SuperClusterOfGalaxies 
> 	A 3-d region of contiguous overdensity on Mpc scales.  
> Usually these 
> contain several clusters, but this should not be the 
> definition becuase 
> a) the Local Supercluster contains only 1 cluster b) if one found a 
> large contiguous overdensity without a cluster you probably 
> would still 
> want to classify it as a supercluster.
> 
> > ClusterOfStars - alias StarCluster.  
> Observational - A tight system of stars with less than 10^9 stars.
> Theoretical - A system of stars formed out of a single cloud 
> of gas and 
> with less mass than a galaxy (that is, .
> 
> > GlobularCluster - 
> A roughly spherical ClusterOfStars with 10^4 - 10^9 stars and with an 
> orbit that takes it out of the plane of its parent galaxy.
> [Normally the definition would include the idea that it is 
> composed of 
> old stars, but blue globular clusters in N1375 and other 
> galaxies show 
> that there are exceptions.  Also, when globular clusters were 
> young they 
> had young stars and they were still globular clusters.]
> 
> > OpenCluster - alias GalacticCluster
> ClusterOfStars with young stars and with center of mass orbit 
> that stays 
> in the plane.
> 
> > GalaxiesGroup 
> This should be GalaxyGroup - alias GroupOfGalaxies.
> A system with on the order of 10 galaxies separated by 10-100 galaxy 
> diameters [Hopkins, J. 1976 Glossary of Astronomy and Astrophysics]
> 
> I stop here to rest and wait for comments.
> Ed
> > Galaxy
> > ActiveGalaxyNucleus
> > Blazar
> > BLLacObject
> > OpticallyViolentlyVariableObject
> > LINERTypeActiveGalaxyNucleus
> > SeyfertGalaxy
> > Seyfert1Galaxy
> > Seyfert2Galaxy
> > BlueCompactGalaxy
> > EmissionLineGalaxy
> > HighRedshiftGalaxy
> > HIIGalaxy
> > LowSurfaceBrightnessGalaxy
> > QuasiStellarObject
> > StarburstGalaxy
> > SpectroscopicBinary
> > XRayBinary
> > InterStellarMedium
> > EmissionNebula
> > HIRegion
> > HIRegionCold
> > HIRegionWarm
> > MolecularCloud
> > BokGlobule
> > DarkCloud
> > ReflexionNebula
> > StellarObject
> > BrownDwarf
> > Star
> > PostAsymptoticGiantBranchStar
> > RedGiant
> > AsymptoticGiantBranchStar
> > CarbonStar
> > OHIREnvelopeTypeStar
> > STypeStar
> > RVTauri
> > PeculiarStar
> > CHEnvelopeTypeStar
> > BeStar
> > WolfRayetStar
> > HorizontalBranchStar
> > StellarRemnant
> > NeutronStar
> > Pulsar
> > AccretionPoweredPulsar
> > Magnetar
> > RotationPoweredPulsar
> > StellarBlackHole
> > WhiteDwarf
> > YoungStellarObject
> > PreMainSequenceStar
> > HerbigHaro
> > TTauri
> > ClassicalTTauri
> > WeakLineTTauri
> > ProtoStar
> > SubStellarObject
> > BrownDwarf
> > NonStellarBody
> > Asteroid
> > Comet
> > Planet
> > CataclysmicVariable
> > DQHerCataclysmicVariable
> > DwarfNova
> > Nova
> > NovaLikeObject
> > RapidIrregularVariableStar
> > IrregularVariableStar
> > RapidIrregularVariableStar
> > BetaCepheid
> > LTypeIrregularStar
> > MiraCeti
> > SemiRegularPulsatingStar
> > RRLyrae
> > WVir
> > BYDraconis
> > EllipsoidalVariableStar
> > SymbioticStar
> > 
> > 
> > P.S.:
> > I think we can envisage a half-session in the spring IVOA 
> meeting in 
> > Beijin dedicated to the ontology and its applications.
> > 
> > Andrea
> > 
> > 
> ==============================================================
> ===================== 
> > 
> > Andrea Preite Martinez                 
> > andrea.preitemartinez@iasf-roma.inaf.it
> > IASF                                   Tel.IASF:+39.06.4993.4641
> > Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100        Tel.CDS :+33.3.90242452
> > I-00133 Roma                           Cell.1  :+39.320.43.15.383
> >                                        Cell.2  :+39.
> > 
> ==============================================================
> ===================== 
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > 
> 


From owner-semantics@eso.org  Fri Feb 23 17:37:32 2007
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Date: Fri, 23 Feb 2007 11:36:39 -0500
From: Ed Shaya 
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Subject: Re: WD-Ontology
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Tony Linde wrote:
>> ordinarily one would include them.  For instance, what if it 
>> is like a 
>> cataclysmicVariable but not quite a LateType star. 
> 
> Is this not where relations come into play: you could define relations such
> as 'like a' and 'not quite a' and then, depending on what you want to do,
> manipulate the objects and relations in your code. 

Yes, that would work.  You could allow AstroObject to have a property
"likeA" or "nearly" which would allow one to toss objects into an 
anonymous class of (F-star, nearly, CataclysmicVariable).  I guess this 
is better because you don't create as many named classes, but it has 
basically the same functionally as a NearlyCataclysmicVariable.  If 
later on we wish to include F-stars as CVs, it would be easy to refactor 
the ontology.

>> whether or not to use strictly observational qualities or interpreted 
>> qualities.  As in, what if it erupts and has emissions like a 
> 
> And this is where the uniqueness of astronomy comes into play and we start
> to build intelligent *astronomy* applications rather than generic
> information handling apps.

Agreed.  Although I don't think that astronomy is somehow unique.  Other 
fields could benefit from the same thing.  But, I agree with the gist 
here that one can create very interesting applications, like one that 
automatically classifies objects by observational quantities and then 
attaches physical attributes/interpretations into what the objects are.

So, is everyone fine with the set of definitions that I put forth? 
Speak now, because the next step would be to rephrase these into OWL 
triples and make them part of the class' Necessary and Sufficient 
statements.  For example, if one claims an object is a GalaxyCluster, 
then it would Necessarily be a virialized system because that is in the 
definition.

Ed
> 
> T.
> 
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: owner-semantics@eso.org 
>> [mailto:owner-semantics@eso.org] On Behalf Of Ed Shaya
>> Sent: 21 February 2007 20:15
>> To: Andrea Preite Martinez
>> Cc: semantics@ivoa.net
>> Subject: Re: WD-Ontology
>>
>>
>>
>> Andrea Preite Martinez wrote:
>>> A Working Draft on
>>>
>>> Ontology of Astronomical Object Types, version 1.0
>>>
>>> has been uploaded in the Document section of IVOA
>>> http://ivoa.net/Documents/latest/AstrObjectOntology.html
>>>
>>> and in the Semantics WG twiki page
>>> http://www.ivoa.net/twiki/bin/view/IVOA/IvoaSemantics  .
>>>
>>> In this page you can also find the ontology file (.owl) that can be
>>> explored/edited with the protégé browser/editor
>>> http://protege.stanford.edu/overview/protege-owl.html .
>>>
>>> The document and the Ontology are open to discussion and 
>> contributions.
>>> Note that the ontology is made of "defined" concepts, and 
>> only a fraction
>>> of them has been defined, for the moment only in terms of 
>> components and/or
>>> morphology and/or processes.
>>> Indeed, there are still 87 astronomical concepts that are 
>> missing an 
>>> NS-condition (Necessary&Sufficient)
>>>
>>> I then ask for the contribution of the members of the WG and of the 
>>> scientific
>>> community to help finding the necessary and/or sufficient 
>> conditions to 
>>> define the concepts.
>>> What is needed is a complete but concise description in 
>> plain text of 
>>> the concepts in terms of components/ morphology / physical 
>> processes / 
>>> observational properties and/or ...
>>>
>>> An example:
>>> CataclysmicVariable: close binary, components WD/subGiant 
>> and LateType 
>>> Star,
>>> variability due to thermonuclear processes...
>>>
>>> The concepts without NS-conditions (but sometimes already 
>> with N or S 
>>> conditions) are the following:
>> There are dangers in defining the necessary and sufficient 
>> conditions, 
>> particularly if one requires too many necessaries.  You can 
>> end up with 
>> things that are not in any class although they are so close 
>> to one that 
>> ordinarily one would include them.  For instance, what if it 
>> is like a 
>> cataclysmicVariable but not quite a LateType star. One also run into 
>> whether or not to use strictly observational qualities or interpreted 
>> qualities.  As in, what if it erupts and has emissions like a 
>> cataclysmic variable but it is too far away to discern the individual 
>> components?  Can you still call it a CV?
>>
>> On the other hand, if we don't make clear and distinct boundaries you 
>> are left with a system that is too fuzzy to do any good.
>>
>> Having noted these difficulties, in the grand tradition of 
>> semantics, we 
>> simply push forward and appreciate that we can always pull 
>> back on some 
>> of these  NS qualities or define both strict and loose 
>> versions of each 
>> class, as in StandardCalaclysmicVariable/TentativeCataclysmicVariable.
>>> AssociationOfStars - alias (equivalent class)  StellarAssociation 
>> Loose concentration of young stars (how loose? 1-100 per 
>> cu